High-quality Materials Research Articles

Features of the use of unmanned aircraft during the inspection of the scene of the incident during the investigation of violations of the road safety rules or vehicle operation

The article highlights the procedural and tactical features of the inspection of the scene of a traffic accident with the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle. To achieve this goal, the forensic features of conducting an inspection of the scene during the pretrial investigation of crimes of violations of road safety rules or vehicle operation at each of the preparatory, working, and final stages are revealed. The current state and prospects of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles by the bodies and units of the National Police during the inspection of the scene of a traffic accident were studied. The advantages of using an unmanned aerial vehicle during the inspection of the scene of a traffic accident are given, the concept of an unmanned aerial vehicle is defined, the methods and tactical methods of using an unmanned aerial vehicle. Scientific and practical recommendations are given on the procedure for recording crimes with the help of an unmanned aerial vehicle regarding violations of the rules of road traffic safety or vehicle operation during the inspection of the scene of the incident. It was concluded that the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle in the activity of the investigator during the investigation of traffic accidents is legitimate and provides much more advantages than the use of other methods of recording, such as measuring with a manual or laser tape measure, taking photos or video recording with cameras or video cameras. The use of UAVs during the inspection of the scene of the incident significantly reduces the time of its inspection, while providing the opportunity to obtain high-quality and sufficient evidentiary material.

Graphenic materials prepared from magnesium ions doping cellulose and its application in electrochemical detection of adenine and guanine

Graphenic materials of high quality are in high-demand. In this study, a method is proposed for the synthesis of graphenic materials by the pyrolysis of cellulose materials. Cellulose materials were oxidized and doped with magnesium prior to pyrolysis, which improved the graphitization efficiency significantly. The obtained graphenic materials, exhibiting a well-developed porous structure, high specific surface area, were employed for the fabrication of a composite electrode. The composite electrode was employed for the simultaneously detection of adenine (AE) and guanine (GA) with excellent performance in the electrocatalytic oxidation response. Various electrochemical tests were carried out to optimized the detection of AE and GA. Under the optimized conditions, the simultaneous quantification of GA and AE is achieved from 1 – 100 μM with detection limits from 0.4 – 0.6 μM. This study offers a promising alternative for the synthesis of graphenic materials of high quality.

Extremely Low Thermal Resistance of β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs by Co-integrated Design of Substrate Engineering and Device Packaging.

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) emerges as a promising ultrawide bandgap semiconductor, which is expected to surpass the performance of current wide bandgap materials, like GaN and SiC, in electronic devices. However, widespread application of Ga2O3 is hindered by its extremely low thermal conductivity and lack of effective device-level thermal management strategies. In this work, Ga2O3 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are fabricated by conducting co-integrated design of substrate engineering with layer transferring and device packaging. 3D Raman thermography is introduced as a novel method to analyze the temperature distribution within the device, which provides valuable insights into their thermal performances. A high-quality Ga2O3-SiC heterogeneous integrated material is successfully fabricated with an extremely low interface thermal resistance of 6.67 ± 2 m2·K/GW. Compared to the homoepitaxial Ga2O3 MOSFETs, the degradation of Ion/Ioff in Ga2O3-SiC MOSFETs is decreased by 1.5 orders of magnitude, and that of Ron is decreased by 31%, showing the great thermal stability of Ga2O3-SiC MOSFETs. With the additional device packaging, a significant one order-of-magnitude reduction in the thermal resistance of the Ga2O3-SiC MOSFET is achieved, reaching a record-low value of 4.45 K·mm/W in the reported Ga2O3 MOSFETs. This work demonstrates an efficient strategy for device-level thermal management in next-generation Ga2O3 power and RF applications.

Порівняння ущільнюваності асфальтобетонної суміші із золою-винесення та вапняковим наповнювачем

Introduction. In Ukraine, about 30 % of all electricity is generated from the combustion of solid fuels — coal, shale, peat. In our country, there are about 15 operating thermal power plants that generate about 5 – 6 million tons of ash and slag waste per year as a secondary product. Thus, the fuel and energy complex waste generated in the furnaces of thermal power plants is a huge accumulation of ash in the form of dusty residues and lumpy sludge, as well as various ash and slag mixtures. These products of high-temperature processing (1 200 – 1 700 ºС) of the mineral part of the fuel are widely used in many countries of the world and, given the global trend towards an increase in the share of the secondary market for the use of waste, it is necessary to predict an increase in the rate of their processing in Ukraine. Problem Statement. The road construction industry is one of the strategic industries of Ukraine, and the issue of quality and availability of basic building materials for road construction is particularly acute now, which is directly related to its high material intensity. The known reserves of high-quality raw materials that could be used as asphalt concrete components are constantly decreasing, so it is necessary to look for alternative sources of raw materials for construction materials and explore the possibility of their use. In this regard, the most effective use of local raw materials is the use of industrial waste, which can be one of the solutions to the problem of lack of raw materials of inorganic origin.

Impacts of washing and deodorization treatment on packaging-sourced post-consumer polypropylene

AbstractEmerging legal requirements will likely considerably heighten demand for high-quality recycled raw materials for e.g., packaging and automotive applications; key EU legislation mandates recycling as the future end-of-life option for municipal solid plastic waste. Yet recycled plastic use remains low due to safety concerns, undesirable aesthetic, olfactory, and mechanical properties, mainly attributable to contaminants present in recyclates. Advanced treatment options for recovered polypropylene (PP) packaging and the impact of such treatments on the polymer are currently poorly documented. We investigated the effectiveness of hot/cold washing and hot air devolatilization treatments in removing volatile substances from residential post-consumer PP plastic waste to improve its scope of application and value and to assess possible side effects on mechanical and processing parameters. Cold- and hot-washed recyclates exhibited similar contaminant levels and most substances were removed within 7 h. The recycling procedure had no adverse effects on mechanical or processing parameters although reprocessing caused polymer degradation, indicated by decreasing viscosity, elongation at break, and tensile strength. Washing and hot air devolatilization treatment of plastic wastes improve their scope of application and value by enhancing mechanical properties and considerably reducing the amounts of odorous substances, but is often not suited to high-quality applications, such as packaging. The dominance of packaging waste and strict legislation on food-grade recyclate applications will make widespread recyclate use challenging since it represents the primary use of plastic. Recyclate must consequently be extensively utilized in non-food contact applications until advances in waste sorting, washing, and devolatilization yield less contaminated recyclates with improved properties.

Enhancement of photoresponse for InGaAs infrared photodetectors using plasmonic WO3-x/CsyWO3-xnanocrystals.

Fast and accurate detection of light in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range plays a crucial role in modern society, from alleviating speed and capacity bottlenecks in optical communications to enhancing the control and safety of autonomous vehicles through NIR imaging systems. Several technological platforms are currently under investigation to improve NIR photodetection, aiming to surpass the performance of established III-V semiconductor p-i-n (PIN) junction technology. These platforms include in situ-grown inorganic nanocrystals and nanowire arrays, as well as hybrid organic-inorganic materials such as graphene-perovskite heterostructures. However, challenges remain in nanocrystal and nanowire growth, large-area fabrication of high-quality 2D materials, and the fabrication of devices for practical applications. Here, we explore the potential for tailored semiconductor nanocrystals to enhance the responsivity of planar metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors. MSM technology offers ease of fabrication and fast response times compared to PIN detectors. We observe enhancement of the optical-to-electric conversion efficiency by up to a factor of ~2.5 through the application of plasmonically-active semiconductor nanorods and nanocrystals. We present a protocol for synthesizing and rapidly testing the performance of non-stoichiometric tungsten oxide (WO3-x) nanorods and cesium-doped tungsten oxide (CsyWO3-x) hexagonal nanoprisms prepared in colloidal suspensions and drop-cast onto photodetector surfaces. The results demonstrate the potential for a cost-effective and scalable method exploiting tailored nanocrystals to improve the performance of NIR optoelectronic devices.

Damage mechanics coupled with a transfer learning approach for the fatigue life prediction of bronze/steel diffusion welded bimetallic material

The bronze/steel diffusion welded (BSDW) bimetallic material is often applied in the rotors of piston pumps to withstand complex alternating loads under high-speed operating conditions. Although diffusion welding is a type of solid-phase welding method to achieve high-quality material connections, the fatigue problems still deserve our attention, especially the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) and high cycle fatigue (HCF) problems. However, due to the high cost of obtaining data, it is necessary to find an efficient and high-precision fatigue life prediction method for diffusion welded materials with a small sample size. In this study, a novel method continuum damage mechanics − transfer learning method (CDM-TLM) for fatigue life prediction of BSDW material is proposed based on the transfer learning (TL) and continuum damage mechanics − finite element method (CDM-FEM). In comparison with the test results, the predicted values of BSDW material fatigue life all fall within the twice error band of the median values of the test life. The influence of frozen layers during TL and training samples in source and target models on the prediction performance is further discussed. CDM-TLM is an effective life prediction method for high-precision life prediction of BSDW material with a small sample size.

Market restructuring of agribusiness in Russia as a trigger for rapid economic growth

Abstract In the period of political tension and instability of the international economic system, the agricultural sector of Russia continues to demonstrate progressive growth and is characterized by a favorable investment climate. In many respects, this circumstance in modern conditions is facilitated by scientific research and development of an innovative and technological nature, stimulating the accelerated development of domestic agriculture, due to which there is a favorable impact on the growth of the competitive component of the industry. Modern Russian agribusiness is one of the most intensive and highly promising points for the integration of digital innovations. For the steady growth of this sphere, it is essential to provide it with high-quality material, technical, infrastructural and innovative resources for its functioning. The studied sphere of economic activity of the country conservatively includes the primary function of ensuring national food security and independence, as a result of which the state actively attaches great importance due to the influence of a set of certain factors that make agriculture unstable and extremely vulnerable. The main goal of the digital modernization of agribusiness in Russia is to provide agricultural producers with state-of-the-art technologies, as well as to digitalize management, marketing and sales activities. The digital transformation of the agricultural sector should be carried out on a comprehensive, targeted and systematic basis based on target indicators and indicators, as well as be directed to core and secondary areas of the sphere. The integration of digital innovations into agribusiness in Russia will contribute to the active and breakthrough development of not only the agro-industrial complex, but also related industries.

Obtaining antimicrobial polymer composites based on copper oxide nanoparticles for sports medical devices.

Abstract The beneficial effects of using antimicrobial materials in eliminating or inhibiting microbial proliferation on surfaces are well known, thus contributing to reducing the risk of diseases resulting from accidents involving pathogenic microorganisms. The addition of certain metal particles in various proportions, (for example, silver, copper, or their oxides), in polymer matrices represents an effective method for producing new high-quality antimicrobial materials. In this study, the aim was to obtain a polymer/copper oxide composite with superior biocidal behaviour by using proportions ranging from 3-10% of copper oxides and polymers with different characteristics. The composites were prepared by melt mixing at various temperatures, durations, and homogenization speeds. Subsequently, the necessary samples for investigations were obtained through thermoforming. To evaluate the composite, tests were performed to determine mechanical characteristics, to verify the uniformity of particles in the composite material, and to test antimicrobial efficacy. The results demonstrated that the PP/CuO composite exhibited improved properties compared to pure polymers. These obtained characteristics recommend its potential use in medical devices for prevention or protection (examples include finger, ankle, or tendon prostheses), which can be produced through additive manufacturing or thermoforming.

Canola meal extract as a low-cost substrate in Mortierella alpina culture for the production of arachidonic acid

The demand for high-quality and cost-effective raw materials is growing across various industries. Canola meal (CM), a low-cost by-product of canola processing facilities, boasts an impressive nutritional profile comprising protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, making it a potential candidate for microbial culture media. Saskatchewan leads globally in canola production and plans to expand its canola processing facilities. Commercial valorization of CM could not only optimize the management of this by-product but also offer additional incentives and financial returns to regional canola stakeholders. Efficient utilization of canola meal extract (CME) in producing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as arachidonic acid (ARA), holds promise as valuable ingredients or base chemicals for the food, feed, and nutraceutical industries. This study focused on incorporating pH 10.5 treated alkaline extract (AE) and temperature 160°C treated subcritical extract (SE) of CM into the culture medium of Mortierella alpina, an oleaginous fungus, by replacing conventional yeast extract (YE). Trials investigated the effect of aeration levels ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 vvm and revealed that increasing oxygen supply significantly boosted fungal growth rate and ARA content in biomass up to 0.39 day⁻¹ and 21.86 %, respectively. ARA production correlated positively with biomass accumulation and lipid content. Replacing YE with CME resulted in less significant differences (P < 0.05) in biomass and lipid accumulation. Additionally, AE- and SE-supplemented media exhibited higher ARA accumulation of 144.91 mg/L and 165.8 mg/L, respectively, compared to standard media (124.87 mg/L). Therefore, this study introduces canola meal extract (CME) as a novel nitrogen source in microbial media, with comparative demonstrations showing its efficiency to be similar to that of conventional extracts.

Z-NUMBERS BASED MODELING OF GROUP DECISION MAKING FOR SUPPLIER SELECTION IN MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS

The health of the supply chain, the company's performance, and the quality of the production as well as the success of the entire enterprise, directly depends on the reliability of the company's existing suppliers. Processing enterprises that depend on suppliers are trying to find the best option that will satisfy all customer requirements. With high-quality and inexpensive raw materials, the products produced by the enterprise will largely determine its economic indicators such as revenue, profit, and profitability. Therefore, this enterprise is especially faced with the issue of choosing the most appropriate supplier of resources. Basically, for processing enterprises it is very important to consider the parameters such as quality of incoming materials, terms of supply of raw materials, price of received raw materials, terms of contracts. The challenge in determining of supplier is how to choose reliable suppliers that can maintain supply chain continuity in an environment of ever-increasing instability and uncertainty. For this purpose, a methodology for selecting suppliers using Z-numbers was proposed. Using fuzzy Z numbers in supplier selection, decision-makers can assign values to various criteria in a way that reflects both the uncertainty and the confidence associated with those values. This can lead to more nuanced and robust supplier selection processes, considering a wider range of factors and uncertainties.

OPTIMIZATION OF AUTOMATED PRODUCTION LINE FOR NANO-COATED FILTER MEDIA

Nano-coated filters is crucial in preventing the spread of airborne viruses like COVID-19, influenza, and other respiratory viruses. Nano-coatings with antiviral properties significantly enhance the filter’s ability to capture and deactivate these pathogens, providing essential protection in high-risk environments such as hospitals, public transportation, and indoor spaces. This study focuses on developing a streamlined production system that integrates nano-coating directly onto filter media fabrics, addressing inefficiencies and high costs associated with the current separate nano-coating process. The proposed system features four process stations: unwinding the fabric, spraying nanoliquid, drying, and rewinding the fabric. The integrated system ensures uniform application ofthe nano-coating through rollers and fine atomisation nozzles. The drying process using infrared radiation and heated air with thermocouples provides even heating and effective bonding of the coating. The rewinding process, supported by web guiding, load cells, and feedback signals, maintains proper fabric alignment and tension, ensuring accurate spooling. The cast iron EN9-made structure supports filter materials ranging from 5 kg to 9 kg in weight. The system is powered by a servo motor with 31.75 Nm torque and speed of 111.4 revolution/minute, and a pump operates at 60 psi with 4.4 × 10-7 m3/s flowrate and 6.7 W power. The 13.5 kW curing oven maintains a temperature range of 75oC–80oC for 45 seconds. The automation and integration of these processes into a single continuous production line contribute to the development of more efficient, scalable production methods, and enhance theconsistency of producing high-quality filtration materials.

Aromatic Biobased Polymeric Materials Using Plant Polyphenols as Sustainable Alternative Raw Materials: A Review.

In the foreseeable future, the development of petroleum-based polymeric materials may be limited, owing to the gradual consumption of disposable resources and the increasing emphasis on environmental protection policies. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on introducing environmentally friendly renewable biobased materials as a substitute for petroleum-based feed stocks in the preparation of different types of industrially important polymers. Plant polyphenols, a kind of natural aromatic biomolecule, exist widely in some plant species. Benefiting from their special macromolecular structure, high reactivity, and broad abundance, plant polyphenols are potent candidates to replace the dwindling aromatic monomers derived from petroleum-based resources in synthesizing high-quality polymeric materials. In this review, the most related and innovative methods for elaborating novel polymeric materials from plant polyphenols are addressed. After a brief historical overview, the classification, structural characteristics, and reactivity of plant polyphenols are summarized in detail. In addition, some interesting and innovative works concerning the chemical modifications and polymerization techniques of plant polyphenols are also discussed. Importantly, the main chemical pathways to create plant polyphenol-based organic/organic-inorganic polymeric materials as well as their properties and possible applications are systematically described. We believe that this review could offer helpful references for designing multifunctional polyphenolic materials.

Integrated Benefits of Sustainable Utilization of Construction and Demolition Waste in a Pressure-State-Response Framework

This study presents the first application of the pressure-state-response (PSR) model in the comprehensive assessment of construction and demolition waste (CDW) recycling benefits. Unlike traditional methods, the PSR model provides a multi-dimensional analysis that integrates economic, environmental, and social factors, offering a more holistic approach to evaluating the impact of CDW recycling strategies. This model enables stakeholders to better understand the pressures, states, and responses involved in CDW management, providing actionable insights to optimize recycling efforts and support sustainable urban development. Using the pressure-state-response (PSR) logical framework of sustainable economics, this paper systematically analyzed the comprehensive benefit mechanism of the recycling of construction and demolition waste (CDW), and designed a comprehensive benefit evaluation model for CDW recycling. At the same time, taking Chongqing as an example, the management status of construction and demolition waste, the supply and demand matching of sustainable recycling products, and the impact of the input and output of CDW management were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) The recovery rate of urban manure fluctuated between 0.13 and 0.17, mainly in temporary landfill. (2) Based on the latest market demand data of CDW recycled products, the supply–demand ratio of recycled products fluctuated between 0.11 and 0.21. This change in the supply–demand ratio reflects improvements in recycling technologies, such as the introduction of C2CA technology, which has greatly increased the supply of high-quality recycled materials. In addition, government policies encouraging the use of recycled products in public projects have contributed to this shift, further aligning supply with market demand. (3) The benefit–cost ratio of CDW management reflects new recycling technologies and the improved efficiency of CDW management. The benefit–cost ratio, which currently fluctuates between 0.32 and 0.39, more accurately reflects the current state of CDW management, which is increasingly adopting advanced technologies, resulting in increased efficiency and reduced costs. Based on this, this paper discusses the supply–demand relationship and benefit–cost ratio in CDW management from supply-side and demand-side perspectives, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. The research results provide a clear reference for improving the efficiency of building demolition waste resource utilization, especially in optimizing the balance of market supply and demand, and improving the economic benefits of recycled products. By analyzing the balance between the supply and demand ratio and the benefit–cost ratio, this study helps inform policy makers, businesses, and investors, to promote the sustainable development of CDW recycling projects to maximize resource efficiency, while reducing environmental pressures. These results not only provide practical guidelines for the implementation of CDW recycling projects, but also lay a foundation for future policy formulation and the setting of industry standards.

Single Crystalline GeSe Van Der Waals Ribbons With Uniform Layer Stacking, High Carrier Mobility, and Adjustable Edge Morphology.

Performance of the group IV monochalcogenide GeSe in solar cells, electronic, and optoelectronic devices is expected to improve when high-quality single crystalline material is used rather than polycrystalline films. Crystalline flakes represent an attractive alternative to bulk single crystals as their synthesis may be developed to be scalable, faster, and with higher overall yield. However, large - and especially large and thin - single crystal flakes are notoriously hard to synthesize. Here it is demonstrated that vapor-liquid-solid growth combined with direct lateral vapor-solid incorporation produces high-quality single crystalline GeSe ribbons with tens of micrometers size and controllable thickness. Electron microscopy shows that the ribbons exhibit perfect equilibrium (AB) van der Waals stacking order without extended defects across the entire thickness, in contrast to the conventional case of substrate-supported flakes where material is added via layer-by-layer nucleation and growth on the basal plane. Electrical measurements show anisotropic transport and a high Hall mobility of 85 cm2V-1s-1, on par with the best single crystals to date. Growth from mixed GeSe and SnSe vapors, finally, yields ribbons with unchanged structure and composition but with jagged edges, promising for applications that rely on ample chemically active edge sites, such as catalysis or photocatalysis.

Optoelectronic effect of Al-based buffer layers on Al-doped ZnO thin transparent conductive films on flexible substrates

AZO (Al-doped ZnO) film is a transparent conductive film that offers a simple preparation process, low cost, non-toxicity, and excellent stability. It serves as a high-quality material extensively used in liquid crystal displays, solar cells, and other fields. In this study, AZO thin films were prepared on a PET substrate with an Al2O3 buffer layer using the magnetron sputtering method. The deposition parameters were optimized through the Taguchi method and Grey Correlation Analysis. The results demonstrate that the optimal deposition parameters for achieving superior photoelectric properties during the fabrication of AZO films are 100 W (radio frequency power), 1.0 Pa (sputtering pressure), 20 min (coating time), and 20 °C (substrate temperature). Furthermore, the incorporation of an Al2O3 buffer layer enhances the quality of AZO film on PET substrate. This investigation successfully deposited uniform and highly efficient AZO thin films onto flexible PET substrates at low temperatures, thereby expanding their potential applications in flexible electronics.

Effect of various processing parameters on the properties of ZnO thin films

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films are essential in opto-/piezo-electronics due to their transparency, high electron mobility, wide bandgap (∼3.37 eV), and high excitonic binding energy (60 meV). Effects of processing parameters on ZnO thin films, such as the molarity, ageing, thickness, and calcination temperature, on the microstructural and optical properties deposited by sol-gel spin-coating are investigated under one roof. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the polycrystalline nature of all films, along with a dominant orientation (002) plane, indicating the formation of a c-axis oriented hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO regardless of the processing parameters. Peak intensities varied for all samples and exhibited the highest peak intensity annealed at 500 °C, which correlates with the increase in crystallite size from 15.93 to 16.41 nm due to a decrease in defect density via the thermal expansion. 0.4 M aged solution over 70 h showed the variation in the crystallite size and dislocation density, indicating the improvements in the thin film quality. Thickness-dependent ZnO thin films also improved the crystallinity, which was confirmed by high peak intensities. Decreasing the Urbach energy (Eu) of 0.4 M solution indicates reduced lattice imperfections/defects and high electronic quality of thin-film materials. Deposited ZnO films with an ageing time of 70 h and thickness of 109 nm exhibit the highest refractive index of 3.9 and 2.6, indicating light interaction and optimal density. The optimized conditions of sol-gel derived ZnO thin films augment the ease of development of economic devices for practical implications in opto-/piezo-electronics.

XGBoost-based prediction of electrical properties for anode aluminium foil

Anode aluminum foil (AAF) shows advantages such as high electrical conductivity, high specific capacitance, and low cost, making it a high-quality electrode material for energy storage. However, the formation of AAF is a material process with multiple influencing factors interacted with each other, and it is difficult to analyze the influencing mechanism of each factor and predict the electrical properties. To solve the aforementioned problem, the process data of AAF is collected from a actual production line as the research subject firstly. The correlation coefficient between the process parameters and withstand voltage (WV) is used for feature selection of the data sets. XGBoost-based prediction model is established to predict the electrical properties of AAF, which is evaluated using R2 and root-mean-square error (RMSE). The results indicate that the process parameter X70 (Voltage of repair 3) shows the most significant effect on the WV. The magnitude of the WV shows a stepwise increase with the increase of X70. The result of prediction model is a R2 of 0.990 and a RMSE of 3.888. The XGBoost-based prediction model for the electrical properties (WV) of AAF shows excellent prediction characteristic, which contributes to the optimization of process parameters and the properties prediction.

Automatic detection of problem-gambling signs from online texts using large language models.

Problem gambling is a major public health concern and is associated with profound psychological distress and economic problems. There are numerous gambling communities on the internet where users exchange information about games, gambling tactics, as well as gambling-related problems. Individuals exhibiting higher levels of problem gambling engage more in such communities. Online gambling communities may provide insights into problem-gambling behaviour. Using data scraped from a major German gambling discussion board, we fine-tuned a large language model, specifically a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model, to predict signs of problem-gambling from forum posts. Training data were generated by manual annotation and by taking into account diagnostic criteria and gambling-related cognitive distortions. Using cross-validation, our models achieved a precision of 0.95 and F1 score of 0.71, demonstrating that satisfactory classification performance can be achieved by generating high-quality training material through manual annotation based on diagnostic criteria. The current study confirms that a BERT-based model can be reliably used on small data sets and to detect signatures of problem gambling in online communication data. Such computational approaches may have potential for the detection of changes in problem-gambling prevalence among online users.

Microstructural Characterization of InP Films on SOI (001) Substrates Grown by Selective Lateral Metal-Organic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy

To achieve monolithic integration of Si-waveguide-coupled III-V laser diodes, it is important to establish a method of growing high-quality III-V materials on large Si wafers without a thick buffer layer. Here, the lateral aspect ratio trapping (LART) method has recently been attracting attention because of its potential for integrating large-area and high-quality III-V films on (001)-oriented silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. In this paper, we report a detailed microstructural analysis of InP films that were fabricated on (001) SOI substrates by using metal–organic vapor-phase epitaxy and the LART method. The obtained films had an area of around 50 x 4 μm2, which is large enough for them to be used as templates in photonics device fabrication. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that propagation of threading dislocations in the Si/InP interface region was suppressed. However, the films tended to contain other planar defects, such as stacking faults, rotational twin boundaries, and anti- phase boundaries. We discuss the mechanisms underlying the generation of these defects and approaches to suppressing their formation.