High Physical Activity Group Research Articles

Investigation on physical activity and serum lipid level among male taxi drivers of a city in China

Objective: To investigate the relationship between physical activity (PA) and serum lipid level among male taxi drivers of a city in china. Methods: A total of 360 male taxi drivers were collected by two-stage random sampling method from september to november in 2016, the questionnaires were used to survey the status of PA and serum total cholesterol (TC) , triglyceride (TG) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) , according to the recommended standards of the intenational consensus group on physical activity measurement (ICGPAM) , the participants were divided into 3 groups: high PA level group, moderate PA level group and low PA level group. Results: The percentages of individuals with high, moderate and low PA levels were 60.7%, 22.1%and 17.2% respectively, the levels of TG, LDL-C had a declining trend along with the PA level increase, and the level of HDL-C had a increasing trend, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with low PA group, the incidence of dyslipidemia in high PA group showed a declining trend in the indexes of TG, LDL-C, any kind of dyslipidemia and any two kinds of dyslipidemia, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After controlling the potentially confounding effects, compared with low PA group, the risk of dyslipidemia were reduced in the indexes of TG (OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.55-0.84) , LDL-C (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.54-0.83) , HDL-C (OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.56-0.88) , any kind of dyslipidemia (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.54-0.85) , any two kinds of dyslipidemia (OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.55-0.86) in high PA group, there were significant differences between of them (all P<0.05) . Conclusion: The PA level of male taxi drivers in this city is relatively low, and high PA can reduce the risk of dyslipidemia.

이슬람여성의 신체활동수준과 문화 · 심리적 제한요인이 건강 · 체력요인, 우울지수 및 심박변이도에 미치는 영향

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of muslim women’s physical activity level and cultural-psychological limiting factors on health · fitness, depression index and heart rate variability. The groups included a Non-Physical activity group(NP), a Middle-Physical activity group(MP), and a High-Physical activity group(HP). Moreover, based on the awareness of the physical activity, the participants were grouped into a Positive Group(P) and Negative Group(N). The physical measurements included body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and cardiovascular endurance. In terms of by metabolic factors, TC, TG, blood sugar were measured. In addition, SDNN, RMSSD were measured as an index that represents the heart rate variability using a pulse wave analyzer(uBioMacpa)T. he analyses of the data results were as shown as follow. First, No significant difference in health-related variables(blood total cholesterole, triglyceride, blood glucose, blood pressure, etc) was found among three groups divdied according to level of physical activity. Second, the physical factors(muscular strength and muscular endurance) showed significant difference among three groups. Third, there was a significant difference of deperssed index and SDNN among three groups. Lastly, either positive or negative cognition for relationship between physical activity and marriage in islamic women of this study showed a significant effect on SDNN and RMSDD of heart rate variability.

Endocannabinoid and Mood Responses to Exercise in Adults with Varying Activity Levels

ABSTRACT Acute aerobic exercise improves mood and activates the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in physically active individuals; however, both mood and eCB responses to exercise may vary based on habitual levels of physical activity. Purpose This study aimed to examine eCB and mood responses to prescribed and preferred exercises among individuals with low, moderate, and high levels of physical activity. Methods Thirty-six healthy adults (21 ± 4 yr) were recruited from low (≤60 min moderate–vigorous physical activity [MVPA] per week), moderate (150–299 min MVPA per week), and high (≥300 MVPA per week) physical activity groups. Participants performed both prescribed (approximately 70%–75% max) and preferred (i.e., self-selected) aerobic exercise on separate days. Mood states and eCB concentrations were assessed before and after exercise conditions. Results Both preferred and prescribed exercise resulted in significant increases (P &lt; 0.01) in circulating eCB (N-arachidonoylethanolamine [AEA] and 2-arachidonoylglycerol); however, increases in AEA (P &lt; 0.05) were larger in the prescribed condition. Likewise, both preferred and prescribed exercise elicited positive mood improvements compared with preexercise values, but changes in state anxiety, total mood disturbance, and confusion were greater in the preferred condition (P &lt; 0.05). Changes in 2-arachidonoylglycerol concentrations were found to negatively correlate with changes in depression, tension, and total mood disturbance in the preferred condition (P &lt; 0.05), and changes in AEA were positively associated with changes in vigor in the prescribed condition (P &lt; 0.05). There were no significant group differences for mood or eCB outcomes. Conclusion These results indicate that eCB and mood responses to exercise do not differ significantly between samples with varying physical activity levels. This study also demonstrates that in addition to prescribed exercise, preferred exercise activates the eCB system, and this activation may contribute to positive mood outcomes with exercise.

청소년의 신체활동 참여가 체중조절 및 정신건강의 관련성 연구

This study was conducted to do comparative analysis and observe the correlation of body composition, obesity or weight control, mental health, exercise behavior and metabolic syndrome factor on male adolescents who participated in Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2013 (KNHANES 2013). The total participants were 299 and among then the low physical activity level group(LPAG) was 101(44.1%), moderate physical activity level group(MPAG) was 109(47.6%) and high physical activity group(HPAG) was 19(8.3%).BR In conclusion, among the male adolescents LPGA did low intensity physical activities because they tried to maintain the weight and had lots of stress, and breakfast frequency was 1-2 times per week. Also, they do low intensity physical activity when flexibility exercise frequency was low. MPGA showed satisfaction with their physique and mental health because they had low stress. However, HPAG showed low physical activity practice rate and they were not satisfied with their physique so they practiced various weight control methods in duplicate. Also, they tried to lose weight and have breakfast most often.

Associations Between Self-Reported Physical Activity and Physical Performance Measures Over Time in Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Initiative.

To examine prospective associations between changes in physical activity (PA) and changes in physical performance measures (PPMs) over 6years in older women. Prospective cohort study. Forty clinical centers in the United States. Women aged 65 and older (mean age 69.8) enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trials with gait speed, timed chair stand, grip strength, and self-reported recreational PA data assessed at baseline (1993-98) and follow-up Years 1, 3, and 6 (N=5,092). Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to determine the association between time-varying PA and change in each PPM. Potential interactions between time-varying PA and age (<70, ≥70) were also tested. Significan, dose-response associations between PA and improvements in all PPMs were observed over the 6years of follow-up after adjusting for important covariates. High PA groups (≥1,200 metabolic equivalent (MET)-min/wk) had stronger grip strength (0.48kg greater; P<.01), more chair stands (0.35 more; P<.001), and faster gait speeds (0.06m/s faster; P<.001) than sedentary women (<100 MET-min/wk). Higher PA levels were associated with a greater increase in chair stands over time in women aged 70 and older (P<.001) than in those younger than 70 (Pinteraction for age =.01). In postmenopausal women, maintaining high PA levels over time is associated with better lower extremity function. These data support the view that regular PA plays an important role in maintaining functional status during aging in older women.

Factors Associated With Bone Density Among Japanese Teenagers

Bone health is a significant issue for children to encourage healthy physical development. The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between bone density and daily habits to explore effective strategies for promoting bone health in children. Participants were 157 junior high school students living in Yamagata, Japan. Each student's bone density was measured, and they answered a questionnaire in Home Economics class at school. The calcaneus density was measured using an ultrasound technology system (AOS-100SA, Hitachi, Japan). The Osteo Sono-assessment Index (OSI) was used as an index of bone density. Frequency of eating calcium rich foods such as milk products and small soft-boned fish was assessed by a questionnaire, and the results of which were summarized with a total diet score. The students were divided into three (high/middle/low) groups according to their total diet scores. The students were also divided into two groups (high/low) according to the frequency of their physical activity. Two-way ANOVA tested for differences in mean OSI across gender and groups. The high diet score group showed significantly (p=0.04) higher OSI than the other two groups in both genders. The high physical activity group had marginally (p=0.09) higher OSI than the low physical activity group in both genders. Nutrition educators need to help students achieve a calcium rich diet, and daily physical activity should be also recommended to encourage bone health in teenagers.

The association between physical activity and health-related quality of life among breast cancer survivors

BackgroundThe quality of life for breast cancer survivors has become increasingly important because of their high survival rate and prolonged life expectancy. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of physical activity following diagnosis and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in breast cancer survivors.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of breast cancer survivors. A total of 231 women aged 21–78 years who had been diagnosed with stages I to III breast cancer and had breast cancer surgery at least 6 months prior were recruited from three hospitals between September 2012 and April 2015 and were included in this study. We asked participants about their HRQOL and engagement in physical activity using structured questionnaires. We examined the association between HRQOL levels and physical activity using a generalized linear model.ResultsBreast cancer survivors in the high physical activity group (3rd tertile) were more likely to have lower scores for fatigue (p for trend = 0.001) and pain (p for trend = 0.02) and higher scores for sexual function (p for trend = 0.007) than those in the low physical activity group (1st tertile). When we stratified participants by stage, we found increasing scores for physical functioning (p for trend =0.01) and decreasing scores for fatigue (p for trend = 0.02) with increasing levels of physical activity in breast cancer survivors with stage I breast cancer. In survivors with stages II and III, we found statistically significant associations with fatigue (p for trend = 0.02) and sexual functioning (p for trend = 0.001).ConclusionsIn conclusion, engagement in physical activity was related to better health-related quality of life among breast cancer survivors. Our findings may warrant further prospective and intervention studies to support the benefit of physical activity in improving the quality of life and survival of Korean breast cancer survivors.

Contribution of underlying processes to improved visuospatial working memory associated with physical activity.

BackgroundWorking memory is critical for various cognitive processes and can be separated into two stages: short-term memory storage and manipulation processing. Although previous studies have demonstrated that increased physical activity (PA) improves working memory and that males outperform females on visuospatial working memory tasks, few studies have determined the contribution of the two underlying stages to the visuospatial working memory improvement associated with PA. Thus, the aims of the present study were to verify the relationship between physical activity and visuospatial working memory, determine whether one or both stages were affected by PA, and investigate any sex differences.MethodsA total of 56 undergraduate students were recruited for this study. Their scores on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used to separate them into either a lower PA (n = 26; IPAQ score ≤3,000 metabolic equivalent [MET]-min/week) or higher PA (n = 30; IPAQ score >3,000 MET-min/week) group. Participants were required to complete three tasks: a visuospatial working memory task, a task that examines the short-term memory storage stage, and a mental rotation task that examines the active manipulation stage.ResultsParticipants in the higher PA group maintained similar accuracy but displayed significantly faster reaction times (RT) than those in the lower PA group on the visuospatial working memory and manipulation tasks. By contrast, no difference was observed between groups on the short-term memory storage task. In addition, no effects of sex were detected.DiscussionOur results confirm that PA was positively to visuospatial working memory and that this positive relationship was associated with more rapid cognitive processing during the manipulation stage, with little or no relationship between PA and the memory storage stage of visuospatial working memory.

Effect of habitual exercise on urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein levels in middle-aged and older adults.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of habitual exercise on urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), which can reflect the degree of various stresses on renal proximal tubule related to the progression of renal disease, in middle-aged and older adults. Cross-sectional and interventional approaches were used to comprehensively achieve this purpose. In the cross-sectional study, we investigated the relationship between physical activity levels and urinary L-FABP levels in 130 middle-aged and older adults. In the interventional study, subjects (n=31) were divided into two groups: exercise (n=19) and control group (n=12), whereby we examined the effects of 12-week aerobic exercise training on urinary L-FABP levels. The cross-sectional study showed that the urinary L-FABP levels were significantly lower in the higher physical activity group than in the lower physical activity group (P<.05). In the interventional study, 12-week aerobic exercise training significantly decreased urinary L-FABP levels (P<.01). Furthermore, the relative changes in urinary L-FABP levels were significantly correlated with the relative changes in physical activity levels and mean arterial pressure after intervention (r=-.374 and r=.530, respectively). Our results revealed that the urinary L-FABP levels were lower in the higher physical activity individuals, and aerobic exercise training decreased urinary L-FABP levels. These results suggest that habitual exercise appears to be associated with a decrease in the degree of several stresses on renal proximal tubule and to be beneficial for kidney health in middle-aged and older adults.

Pedometer‐determined physical activities of daily living can affect blood pressure regulation in healthy young adults after postural change

BackgroundNumerous studies have examined the effects of physical activity (PA) on blood pressure (BP) or autonomic function through exercise interventions. However, few studies have used non‐intervention methods to observe the association between pedometer‐determined physical activities of daily living and BP and autonomic function in healthy young adults.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine whether the differences in pedometer‐determined physical activities of daily living cause the variation in BP and autonomic nerve activity in healthy young adults.MethodsFourteen Japanese healthy young adults aged 20–24 years participated in this study. A pedometer was used to measure the step count and to calculate other indexes of physical activity for 1 week. It was determined that 5 individuals comprised the high PA group (≥23 METs ■ hr/wk) and 9 individuals comprised the low PA group (&lt;23 METs ■ hr/wk). Weight, height, BMI, muscle mass, body fat percentage, and basal metabolic rates were measured using a body composition analyzer. Then, we measured BP and heart rate variability at rest and during the postural change from the supine position to the sitting position. The ratio of low frequency (LF) components (0.04–0.15 Hz) to high frequency (HF) components (0.15–0.40 Hz) was used as an index of sympathetic nerve activity. HF was used as an index of parasympathetic nerve activity.ResultsThe high PA group exhibited significantly higher calorie consumption (P &lt; 0.01) and fat combustion (P &lt; 0.01). The mean diastolic blood pressure value in the sitting position (P &lt; 0.02) for the high PA group was significantly higher than that of the low PA group. After a postural change from the supine position to the sitting position, although there were no significant changes in LF/HF and HF in both groups, systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the high PA group increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05); however, the low PA group had a significant subsequent decrease in SBP after changing from the supine position to the sitting position (P &lt; 0.01).ConclusionsThrough the measurement of pedometer‐determined physical activities of daily living in healthy adults, we concluded that individuals who performed more pedometer‐determined physical activities of daily living can maintain normal responses in blood pressure after a postural change, compared to individuals who performed fewer pedometer‐determined physical activities of daily living.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported, in part, by a Grant‐in‐aid for Scientific Research (B) (25305018) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

Lifestyles and Mortality in Taiwan: An 11-Year Follow-up Study.

The associations of modifiable lifestyle-related factors with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality were examined in a population-based sample of older Taiwanese people. A total of 4176 individuals aged 50 years and older, with 11 years of follow-up, were analyzed. Current and former smokers had a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with never smokers ([HR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.12, 1.58], [HR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.16, 1.68]). Low intake of vegetables and fruits was associated with a significantly higher risk of 1.43 (95% CI = 1.13, 1.81) for cardiovascular mortality and 1.22 (95% CI = 1.09, 1.38) for all-cause mortality. The low physical activity group at baseline who became part of the low, moderate, and high physical activity groups during follow-up had the following risks of cardiovascular mortality: ([HR = 2.89; 95% CI = 1.91, 4.36], [HR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.29, 3.63], [HR = 1.59; 95% CI = 0.90, 2.82]). Similarly, the moderate physical activity group at baseline who became part of the low, moderate, and high physical activity groups during follow-up had the following risks of cardiovascular mortality: ([HR = 3.52; 95% CI = 2.14, 5.80], [HR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.34, 3.80], [HR = 1.44; 95% CI = 0.78, 2.66]). The same tendencies were found in all-cause mortality. Smoking, diet, and physical activity were significantly modifiable lifestyle-related factors for mortality.Besides, individuals who decreased their physical activity had a significantly higher risk, whereas those who increased their physical activity had a significantly lower risk.

Association of physical activity on body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, and prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the Korean population (from the fifth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey, 2008\u20132011)

BackgroundData regarding associations among physical activity (PA) level, body composition, and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Asian populations are rare.MethodsThe International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was utilized to estimate PA levels and analyze the association of PA level with various body composition parameters and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases by using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2011.ResultsModerate and high PA levels were associated with lower prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and lower concentrations of serum ferritin, parathyroid hormone, and alkaline phosphatase. Sarcopenia (low vs. moderate vs. high PA group: 14.3% vs. 10.5% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.001), underweight (5.7% vs. 4.9% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.001), and central obesity (7.8% vs. 6.9% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.002) were more often observed in the low PA group. The prevalence rates of cardiovascular diseases were lower in the moderate (odds ratio [OR], 0.822; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.737–0.916; p = 0.001) and high activity groups (OR, 0.663; 95% CI, 0.589–0.748; p = 0.001) than in the low activity group, even after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, underlying disease, and general or abdominal obesity and muscle mass.ConclusionRegular physical activity was associated with a low prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (stroke, myocardial infarction, stable angina, and chronic renal disease), which was independent of body composition and conventional risk factors in the Korean population, with a positive dose-response relationship.

Abstract P298: Associations Between Time-varying Physical Activity and Physical Performance Measures in Postmenopausal Women: the Women’s Health Initiative

Introduction: Maintaining regular physical activity (PA) may delay the onset of functional disability and preserve mobility later in life. Whereas many population-based studies have reported the prospective relationship of initial PA levels to later-life functional status, few studies have examined the longitudinal relationships between changes in PA to changes in physical functioning. This study examined associations between changes in PA and changes in standard physical performance measures (PPM) over 6-years in older women. Methods: Recreational PA was reported using the WHI questionnaire; gait speed, timed chair stand, and grip strength were assessed in clinic using standardized protocols. Exposures were assessed at baseline, years 1, 3 and 6 of the Women’s Health Initiative Clinical Trials (n=5092 women; mean age = 69.8 y). Mixed effects linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between time-varying PA and change in each PPM. Potential interactions between time-varying PA and race and age (&lt;70 y; ≥70 y) were also tested. Results: At baseline, 23.0% women were categorized as sedentary (SED; &lt;100 MET-min/wk), 30.4% as light PA level (100- &lt;500 MET-min/wk), 27.5% as moderate (500- &lt;1200 MET-min/wk); and 19.1% as high PA (≥ 1200 MET-min/wk). Significant, dose-response associations between PA and improvements in all PPMs were observed over the 6 y follow-up after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors. Compared to SED, women in the high PA groups showed better grip strength (0.48 kg higher; P &lt;0.01), more chair stands (0.35 more; P &lt;0.001), and faster gait speeds (0.06 m/s faster ; P &lt;0.001). Older women (≥70 y) benefited more from higher levels of PA than the younger women (P interaction for age =0.014), as reflected by their greater increase in chair stands ( P &lt;0.001); however, interactions between PA and race were not significant. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that, in post-menopausal women, maintaining higher PA levels over time is associated with benefits in lower extremity function, as compared to being sedentary. These data are consistent with the view that regular PA plays an important role in maintaining functional status during aging, particularly in older women.

Physical activity levels and associated socio-demographic factors in Bangladeshi adults: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundLow level of physical activity (PA) has become an important public health problem even in low-income countries. The objectives of this study were to measure PA levels, determine the prevalence of low PA and identify socio-demographic factors associated with it in Bangladeshi adults.MethodsData from 792 (urban, 395; rural, 397) Bangladeshi adults (25–64 years) were included in this population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2011. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire version 2 (GPAQ-2) was used to measure PA. The metabolic equivalent task (MET) in minutes per week was calculated to determine total PA. Participants were categorized into low, moderate and high PA groups. Logistic regression was used to assess socio-demographic factors associated with low level of PA.ResultsMedian MET-minute of total PA per week was almost double in the rural area (1720) than the urban area (960). The overall prevalence of low PA was 50.3% (95% CI: 46.8–53.8), urban 59.5% (54.7–64.3) and rural 41.9% (37.0–46.8). Women in general were more inactive (women 63.1% [58.3–67.9], men 39.3% [34.6–44.0]). The main contributions to total PA were from work (urban 40.0%, rural 77.0%) and active commute (57.0%, 21.0%). Leisure-time PA represented a very small proportion (<3.0%). Multiple logistic regressions found a significant association of urban residence (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.5–3.2), women (2.1; 1.4–3.9), oldest age group 55–64 years (15.6; 7.5–32.2) compared to youngest age group 25–34 years, graduation or further education (8.6; 4.1–17.7), and higher socio-economic class (2.4; 1.4–4.2) compared to poor with insufficient PA.ConclusionsThis study identifies low PA in a rural and urban population in Bangladesh and that further large-scale population studies are warranted.

Factors influencing executive function by physical activity level among young adults: a near-infrared spectroscopy study.

[Purpose] Prevention of dementia requires early intervention against it. To ensure that early interventions are effective it is crucial to study the cognitive functions related to dementia in young adulthood. Moreover, it is needed not only to verify the cognitive function test but also to elucidate the actual brain activity and the influence of related factors on the brain activity. To investigate the factors influencing cognitive function among young adults and examine the differences in executive function by physical activity level. [Subjects and Methods] Forty healthy university students (mean age, 20.4 years) were classified into two groups by cognitive function score (HIGH and LOW), determined according to Trail Making Test performance and Stroop task processing time. We then assessed what factors were related to cognitive function by logistic regression analysis. Executive function was determined by brain blood flow using near-infrared spectroscopy during the Stroop task, and was then compared by physical activity levels (determined according to number of steps per hour). [Results] Full-scale Intelligence Quotient according to the 3rd Wechsler Adult Intelligent Scale and number of steps per hour influenced cognitive function score, with odds ratios of 1.104 and 1.012, respectively. Oxy-hemoglobin concentrations in areas related to executive function during the Stroop task were significantly higher among those in the high physical activity group than among those in the low physical activity group. [Conclusion] The study revealed that Full-scale Intelligence Quotient and a number of steps per hour are factors associated with the cognitive functions in young adulthood. In addition, activity in execution function related area was found to be significantly higher in the high physical activity group than in the low physical activity group, suggesting the importance of physical activity for enhancing young adulthood cognitive functions.

Comparisons of the Body Composition and Health Conservation between Low and High Physical Activity Groups in Professional Retired Elderly

Comparisons of the Body Composition and Health Conservation between Low and High Physical Activity Groups in Professional Retired Elderly

Metabolic equivalent task assessment for physical activity in medical students

Background: The ability to assess energy expenditure (EE) and estimate physical activity (PA) in free-living individuals is extremely important in the global context of non-communicable diseases including malnutrition, overnutrition (obesity), and diabetes. Metabolic equivalent task (MET) is used as a means of expressing the intensity and EE of activities. Aims and Objective: To assess the PA as MET using the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ). Material and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted on 87 (29 males and 58 females) medical students aged between 18-25 years. Detailed history of PA was taken, so as to find out the type and quality of PA, they were engaged in. In IPAQ (short), questionnaire information was asked about three specific types of activity such as walking, moderate-intensity activities, and vigorous-intensity activities. MET was calculated. Results: It was found that as per MET score calculated from IPAQ, 40%, 47%, and 13% of students fall in low, moderate, and high PA groups, respectively. Conclusion: MET utilization provides a convenient method to describe the functional capacity or exercise tolerance of an individual. It was observed that PA was very low in medical students as calculated by MET.

Povezanost nivoa fizičke aktivnosti i kvaliteta života kod starih osoba - studija preseka

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity level and health related quality of life in elderly people. Design: Between January and April 2017, a cross-sectional study of 114 elderly people (73 males and 41 females) conducted this study. Their mean age was (71 ± 5.24) and the mean body mass index (BMI) was (29 ± 3.31). The participating elderly were classified according to walking duration into two groups, low level of physical activity (walking duration &lt;150 min/week) and high level of physical activity (walking duration &gt; 300 min/week). The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was measured using the Euro Qol-5dimensions-3 levels scale questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L). Statistical analysis was used to determine the relation between the physical activity and HRQoL scores in elderly people. Results: The measures showed statistically significant differences between high and low physical activity groups (p &lt; 0.05). The group of high physical activity showed higher HRQoL scores more than the group of low physical activity in the all five dimensions. The low level group showed high predominance of the chronic disease. Conclusions: High level of physical activity has a beneficial effect on all dimensions of the HRQoL in elderly people. Effort and awareness should be dedicated to encouraging the active lifestyle among different population especially elderly people.

Physical activity may be a potent regulator of bone turnover biomarkers in healthy girls during preadolescence.

This study investigated the effects of different levels of habitual physical activity (PA) assessed by pedometry on bone turnover markers of preadolescent girls according to a cross-sectional experimental design. Sixty prepubertal girls of similar chronological age, bone age, maturity level, and nutritional status were assigned to a low PA (LPA; n=25), a moderate PA (MPA; n=17), or a high PA (HPA; n=18) group. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure areal bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and dominant hip (femoral neck and trochanter). Blood was collected for the measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone-specific ALP (BSAP), procollagen typeIN-terminal propeptide (PINP), C-terminal telopeptide of collagen I (CTX), parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, estradiol, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations. ANOVA revealed that the HPA group (18,695±1244 steps per day) had a lower daily energy intake and body mass than the MPA group (10,774±521steps per day) and the LPA group (7633±1099 steps per day). The HPA group had higher (P<0.05) lumbar and hip BMD and hip BMC than the LPA group and higher (P<0.05) lumbar BMD than the MPA group. The MPA group had higher (P<0.05) hip BMC than the LPA group. The HPA group had greater (P<0.05) values of BSAP, PINP, and ALP and lower (P<0.05) values of PTH and CTX than the LPA group but not the MPA group. A partial correlation analysis (adjusted for body mass index) revealed a positive correlation of steps per day with BMD and BSAP concentration and a negative correlation with PTH and CTX concentration. In conclusion, PA increases BMD and BMC of premenarcheal girls by favoring bone formation over bone resorption.

Physical activity and long-term mortality risk in older adults: A prospective population based study (NEDICES).

To analyze whether Physical activity (PA) reduces mortality risk at thirteen years' follow-up in a population-based cohort of Spanish older adults. The NEDICES (Neurological Disorders in Central Spain) is a prospective population-based survey of older adults (age ≥ 65 years) that comprised 5278 participants at baseline. A modified version of the Rosow-Breslau questionnaire was applied to categorize the PA (sedentary, light, moderate and high) and dates of death were collected from the Official Spanish Death Registry. Cox regression models adjusted for different covariates (age, sex, marital status, smoking, previous stroke, Parkinson disease, incident dementia, body mass index, comorbidity indexes and functional assessment) were used to evaluate the hazard of death at thirteen years' interval according to different levels of PA. 1710 deaths (52.9% men vs. 47.1% women) were identified among 3633 individuals at thirteen years' follow-up. Hazard ratios (HRs) of the light, moderate, and high PA groups (vs. sedentary group) were 0.64 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.56, 0.72], p < 0.001), 0.61 (95% CI [0.53, 0.70], p < 0.001) and 0.48 (95% CI [0.41, 0.55], p < 0.001), respectively. Significant dose effects were observed between light versus the sedentary group and intense versus the moderate group. PA prevents long-term mortality in older Spanish adults, with the highest intensity levels being those related to the lowest risk of mortality. These findings indicate that health policies for old age care should include PA as one of the main targets.