Association of physical activity on body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, and prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the Korean population (from the fifth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey, 2008\u20132011)

Gwang-Sil Kim,Eui Im,Ji-Hyuck Rhee

doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4126-x

Abstract

BackgroundData regarding associations among physical activity (PA) level, body composition, and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Asian populations are rare.MethodsThe International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was utilized to estimate PA levels and analyze the association of PA level with various body composition parameters and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases by using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2011.ResultsModerate and high PA levels were associated with lower prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and lower concentrations of serum ferritin, parathyroid hormone, and alkaline phosphatase. Sarcopenia (low vs. moderate vs. high PA group: 14.3% vs. 10.5% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.001), underweight (5.7% vs. 4.9% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.001), and central obesity (7.8% vs. 6.9% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.002) were more often observed in the low PA group. The prevalence rates of cardiovascular diseases were lower in the moderate (odds ratio [OR], 0.822; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.737–0.916; p = 0.001) and high activity groups (OR, 0.663; 95% CI, 0.589–0.748; p = 0.001) than in the low activity group, even after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, underlying disease, and general or abdominal obesity and muscle mass.ConclusionRegular physical activity was associated with a low prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (stroke, myocardial infarction, stable angina, and chronic renal disease), which was independent of body composition and conventional risk factors in the Korean population, with a positive dose-response relationship.

Highlights

Data regarding associations among physical activity (PA) level, body composition, and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Asian populations are rare
Serum concentrations of fasting glucose, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, ferritin were highest, but vitamin D level was lowest in the low activity group
The main findings of this study were as follows: 1) the prevalence rates of HTN, diabetes mellitus (DM), and resting heart rate were lower in the moderate or high activity group than in the low activity group; 2) the moderate or high activity group had more balanced body composition and lower risk of metabolic syndrome components, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and TG level; 3) PA was associated with a lower prevalence of Cardiovascular disease (CVD), and this association remained after adjustment for the potential confounding factors, and body composition parameters and metabolic syndrome components

Summary

Introduction

Data regarding associations among physical activity (PA) level, body composition, and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Asian populations are rare. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. According to World Health Organization global estimates of mortality and burden of disease, 30% of all global deaths were associated with CVD [1, 2]. CVD leads to substantial health-care expenditures and decline in economic growth due to decreased work activity and permanent disability [3]. Physical activity (PA), weight reduction, and healthy diet are the major components of an effective CVD prevention program [4]. These lifestyle modifications are a proven cost-effective strategy for both primary and secondary prevention of CVD [5,6,7,8]

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