High Level Of Vulnerability Research Articles

Analysis of Social and Environmental Vulnerability Against Landslides Using Scoring and Weighting Methods at Probolinggo District

Landslides phenomena majority occur in area which is adjacent with mountain or hill where the soil and rock structure move down the slopes. It is caused by land instability such as loss of plants or trees in highland which have function of binding soil grains while maintaining pores of soil beneath. Based on data from the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), one of districts/cities in East Java is categorized as prone against landslides is at Probolinggo District where 108 disaster occurred over 2021. Landslide disasters certainly have an impact on the environment and social aspects in vicinity. Therefore, this research aim to assess areas which has prone level against landslides in terms of social and environmental vulnerabilities through analysis of potential for landslide disasters in Probolinggo District. The research using weighting parameter methods in order to obtain the level of social and environmental vulnerability. It is divided into four categories namely low, medium, high, and very high. Maron sub-district become the largest area with very high level of social vulnerability about 33.7% of the area of one sub-district. Meanwhile, in area of environmental vulnerability which is dominated by very high levels of vulnerability is at Krucil sub-district about 88.5% of the area of one sub-district.

Association between social vulnerability factors and unintentional fatal injury rates – United States, 2015–2019

Background: Differences in social and environmental factors can contribute to disparities in fatal injury rates. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social and environmental factors and unintentional fatal injury across counties in the United States and how this relationship varies by geography. Methods: County-level vital statistics on age-adjusted unintentional fatal injury rates for 2015–2019 were linked with county-level data from the 2018 Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), a dataset identifying socially vulnerable communities. We conducted linear regression to examine the association between SVI and unintentional fatal injury, overall and by Census region/division. We mapped county-level data for SVI and unintentional fatal injury rates in bivariate choropleth maps using quartiles. Results: SVI was positively associated with unintentional fatal injury (β = 18.29, p < 0.001) across U.S. counties. The geographic distribution of SVI and unintentional fatal injury rates varied spatially and substantially for U.S. counties, with counties in the South and West regions having the greatest levels of SVI and rates of unintentional fatal injury. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the social vulnerability of counties is associated with unintentional fatal injury rates. Modification of the SVI for injury research could include additional social determinants and exclude variables not applicable to injuries. A modified SVI could inform unintentional injury prevention strategies by prioritizing efforts in areas with high levels of social vulnerability. Practical Applications: This study is the first step in combining the SVI and injury mortality data to provide researchers with an index to investigate upstream factors related to injury.

Earthquake scenarios and population exposure for the city of Plovdiv

Among natural disasters, earthquakes dominate with regard to their social and economic effects on human life and the urban environment. Appropriate risk reduction strategies can be developed only with a better understanding of seismic hazards as well as the population and building growth rates in the corresponding region. In the present study, deterministic and probabilistic earthquake (seismic) ground-motion scenarios are developed and presented for one of the most earthquake-prone cities in Bulgaria, the city of Plovdiv. We apply a method for integrating the spatial distribution of seismic hazards with human exposure to assess hazard impacts. Earthquake scenarios and social vulnerability metrics are combined in a geographic information system (GIS) to identify the spatial vulnerability of the exposed population to seismic risk and the locations for targeting mitigation actions in areas with high exposure and vulnerability levels. The results of our study show that most of the territory of the city is classified at the highest seismic hazard level: PGA 0.2. High and major levels were estimated for the population exposure index (PEI) for nearly 60% of the residential buildings in the city (inhabited by approximately 96% of the Plovdiv population). The spatial distribution of the results is available in GIS format and can be used in scientific and practical applications to reduce the risk and consequences of possible strong earthquakes in future.

GIS-based multi-criteria analysis for flood hazard areas mapping of M’zab wadi basin (Ghardaia, North-Central Algeria)

Located in the hyper-arid regions of Algeria, the M’zab Wadi basin has historically experienced severe flash flooding, causing severe economic damage and loss of life. Identifying potential flood hazard areas in such an arid environment, challenged by data scarcity, is necessary to forecast flood and to create early warning strategies. The paper aims to map and highlight potential flood hazard areas in the M’zab Wadi basin using geographic information system coupled with the Analytical Hierarchy Process method based on seven related flood hazard factors. The accuracy of the flood hazard map was validated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic based Area Under Curves method. The results show that 3.04% (50.35 km2) and 0.53% (8.74 km2) of the basin area are under high and very high flood vulnerability levels, respectively. The obtained results can offer significant insights to policymakers and decision-makers to make well-informed judgments regarding the effectiveness of flood protective infrastructure/measures. Furthermore, the approach adopted can be advantageous for other regions under similar conditions.

Women's Vulnerability on Household Water Management During COVID-19 Pandemic

Human population growth, the rapid development of urban areas, and climate change were causing a scarcity of freshwater resources. Providing water and sanitation is important to protect the health during a pandemic. However, North Jakarta still faces problems in meeting the water demands of its residents. The COVID-19 pandemic expands the challenges faced by vulnerable individuals living in poverty and without access to health services, water, sanitation, and adequate housing, especially for women. During the COVID-19 pandemic, woman's responsibilities became even heavier; aside from paying attention to their safety and health, women were often burdened with domestic roles towards their families and their responsibility for collecting water supplies for the household. This study examines the situation of women's vulnerability in household water management in the urban environment of North Jakarta, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. A quantitative approach with descriptive statistical analysis was used in this study. The result of this study portrays women's vulnerability in household water management during the COVID-19 pandemic in North Jakarta in two categories, 49.26% have a high level of vulnerability, and 50.74% have a low level of vulnerability. The level of exposure, sensitivity, and response capacity assessed the vulnerability components. This study is expected to be a reference for sustainable water management, considering gender roles and conditions in urban environments, especially during disasters.

Formation of a territory: the production process of the urban space of São Bernardo do Campo/SP

This article presents some aspects that guided the dynamics of the process of urban occupation of the protection spaces in the springs of the Billings Dam. In this region, the connection between the accelerated process of industrialization, disorderly urbanization, and the increase in population concentration over the years, devoid of adequate actions of planning and territorial ordering, contributed to the intensification of socio-spatial inequalities sustained by a pattern of exploitation and dilapidation of uses and degradation of ecosystems. From this framework, it analysed the occupation of the urban territory of São Bernardo do Campo, especially about the influence of industrialization, disorderly urbanization, and occupation of environmentally fragile areas, as well as sought to contextualize the need for new mechanisms of territorial planning and management to mitigate and reverse the high levels of biophysical vulnerability existing in the fragile spaces of protection of water sources. The approach adopted involved the analysis of data and information from various sources, such as previous studies, technical reports, municipal plans, and other relevant publications. It is hoped that the results found can subsidize the development of new studies, as well as contribute to the formulation of urban and environmental public policies.

Science Subject Specific Pedagogy to Support Disaster Risk Reduction in Education: Its Feasibility and Influence

As a country with a high level of vulnerability to volcanic disasters, Indonesia must have good preparedness in dealing with these disasters. One of the efforts to improve preparedness is through learning in schools so that the community has been introduced to disaster mitigation from an early age. This study aims to (1) produce a science subject-specific pedagogy that is integrated with volcanic eruption disasters and (2) find out the effectiveness of the use of integrated science subject-specific pedagogy of volcanic eruption disasters to students’ disaster concept mastery and preparedness in disaster mitigation. This research is R&amp;D research with a 4-D model consisting of define, design, develop, and disseminate. The subject of this study was 7th-grade students whose school is located in a disaster-prone area for the eruption of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta. Data were obtained from tests and non-tests, including concept mastery tests, preparedness tests, questionnaires, and performance observations. The data were analyzed descriptively using MANOVA's gain score and inferential statistics using the SPSS 22.0 program. The results of this study show that (1) the science subject-specific pedagogy product developed is included in the very good category based on validation results from expert and learning practitioners, and (2) science subject-specific pedagogy is effective for improving students’ disaster concept mastery and student preparedness in facing disasters. Overall, this science subject-specific pedagogy product is feasible for science learning and has been proven to improve students' preparedness and mastery of concepts regarding volcanic eruption disasters.

Adaptive divergence and genetic vulnerability of relict species under climate change: a case study of Pterocarya macroptera.

Understanding adaptive genetic variation and whether it can keep pace with predicted future climate change is critical in assessing the genetic vulnerability of species and developing conservation management strategies. The lack of information on adaptive genetic variation in relict species carrying abundant genetic resources hinders the assessment of genetic vulnerability. Using a landscape genomics approach, this study aimed to determine how adaptive genetic variation shapes population divergence and to predict the adaptive potential of Pterocarya macroptera (a vulnerable relict species in China) under future climate scenarios. We applied restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to obtain 8244 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 160 individuals across 28 populations. We examined the pattern of genetic diversity and divergence, and then identified outliers by genetic differentiation (FST) and genotype-environment association (GEA) methods. We further dissected the effect of geographical/environmental gradients on genetic variation. Finally, we predicted genetic vulnerability and adaptive risk under future climate scenarios. We identified three genetic lineages within P. macroptera: the Qinling-Daba-Tianmu Mountains (QDT), Western Sichuan (WS) and Northwest Yunnan (NWY) lineages, which showed significant signals of isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by environment (IBE). IBD and IBE explained 3.7-5.7 and 8.6-12.8 % of the genetic structure, respectively. The identified GEA SNP-related genes were involved in chemical defence and gene regulation and may exhibit higher genetic variation to adapt to the environment. Gradient forest analysis revealed that the genetic variation was mainly shaped by temperature-related variables, indicating its adaptation to local thermal environments. A limited adaptive potential was suggested by the high levels of genetic vulnerability in marginal populations. Environmental gradient mainly shaped the population differentiation of P. macroptera. Marginal populations may be at high risk of extinction, and thus proactive management measures, such as assisted gene flow, are required to ensure the survival of these populations.

Integrating equity, climate risks, and population growth for targeting conservation planning

Where landowners, non-profit organizations, and government agencies prioritize conservation activities has significant implications for people, ecosystems, and climate resilience. Our study builds on conservation decision-making scholarship by analyzing the relationships between biodiversity priorities, social vulnerability, climate risks, and projected population growth in Texas to identify geographies that simultaneously support multiple goals. Drawing from publicly available datasets, we show the potential for existing conservation priorities to exacerbate the inequitable distribution of environmental goods and services, especially for lower-income residents, communities of color, and socially vulnerable populations. Using bivariate local indicators of spatial autocorrelation, we demonstrate effective ways to avoid negative social impacts by identifying synergistic locations with high levels of social vulnerability and biodiverse landscapes. We overlay these locations with climate risks to further prioritize areas that could meet biodiversity, social vulnerability, and climate adaptation needs. Lastly, we consider how future population growth may inform the urgency of conservation activities given potential development pressures. Our study contributes to academic and policy debates seeking to jointly address biodiversity conservation, climate change, and environmental justice concerns.

Identifikasi Sebaran Spasial dan Kerapatan Mangrove Gili Lawang menggunakan Citra Landsat 9 OLI-2/TIRS-2

Mangrove ecosystems have a great influence on the sustainability of human life and the environment. The high level of vulnerability of mangrove ecosystems has implications for the importance of quality planning. This study aims to identify the spatial distribution and density of mangrove forests in Gili Lawang using Landsat 9 OLI-2/TIRS-2 satellite imagery. Data processing is done with the help of the QGIS 3.30 application. Data processing consists of band combinations, image classification with the SVM algorithm, classification results accuracy test, NDVI value extract, and reclass NDVI. The results showed that the use of band 564 in Landsat 9 imagery visually resulted in an increase in sharpness in identifying mangrove ecosystems. Classification of objects with the SVM algorithm has overall accuracy and kappa accuracy &gt; 80%. The identified area of Gili Lawang is 432.72 ha, consisting of 37.89 ha of mangroves, 58.11 ha of non-mangrove and 3.75 ha of water bodies. NDVI values at the study sites ranged from 0.068 to 0.87. The maximum NDVI value is found in mangrove objects, while the minimum NDVI value is found in water body objects. Mangrove density in Gili Lawang is dominated by high and very high density. The use of Landsat 9 OLI-2/TIRS-2 imagery in the future is expected to provide positive benefits in providing data and information related to natural resources.

Uncovering water quality and evaluating vulnerabilities of small-scale fisheries in Chilika Lagoon, India

Small-scale fisheries (SSFs) play a strong role in sustaining millions of livelihoods, food security, nutrition, and income globally but the fishers engaged in this sector simultaneously experience high levels of vulnerability and processes of marginalisation. Several factors are attributed to the multidimensional vulnerabilities the small-scale fishers experience, spanning both natural (e.g., natural disasters, ecosystem change) and anthropogenic (e.g., policy change, hydrological interventions, aquaculture) pressures. While there is much literature on various natural and human drivers of vulnerability in small-scale fishery communities, an absence of research connecting vulnerability with water quality is evident. Fisher communities often talk about fish in relation to the health of their aquatic habitats wherein water quality is seen as a key parameter. The link between healthy fish and good quality water has significant implications for strong and viable fishing communities. This paper examines these links further by focusing on the nature of vulnerabilities caused by water quality changes in the small-scale fishery system of Chilika Lagoon in India. We undertake detailed analysis of the invasive shrimp aquaculture activities and hydrological interventions for opening of a lagoon inlet with the Bay of Bengal as two dominant drivers adversely impacting water quality and increasing vulnerabilities of the entire small-scale fisheries social-ecological system. Our analysis suggests that there are strong interconnections between changes in water quality and the levels of vulnerabilities in the SSFs of Chilika Lagoon. Pollutants such as pesticides, and organic compounds accumulate in fish tissues and affect their growth, reproduction, and overall health. This led to declines in fish populations, making it more difficult for fishers to make a living. In addition to direct impacts on fish populations, poor water quality also has indirect effects on the social and economic vulnerability of SSFs. For example, contamination of water sources led to the reduced number of fish species reducing the amount of time fishers can spend on fishing activities. This also affected the marketability of fish products, reduced income and increased poverty. To fully understand the interconnections between water quality and vulnerability in SSFs in Chilika Lagoon, it is important to consider both environmental and social factors, as well as the complex feedback loops between these factors. The study helps in bridging a crucial gap in our understanding of the role of water quality in vulnerability analysis within resource dependent communities. We conclude with key insights on possible coping responses and adaptive capacity necessary for the small-scale fisheries communities to transition toward viability.

AGRO-TOURISM IMPACT ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE CHANGE USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE IN THE RAHOVEC WINE REGION OF KOSOVO

Abstract. Climate change is a global problem and has a major impact on the economy of the developing world. The use of open data and modeling provides a considerable resource for governments, municipalities, and NGOs to develop an understanding of how climate change will impact their communities. This paper discusses the statistical concepts used to model MODIS Land Surface Temperature dataset and calculation of water balance with interpretations of the results. The results of this paper will utilize open datasets, an analysis of the impacts of temperature changes on the developing tourist economy in the Republic of Kosovo, and the knowledge of the capacity for leveraging large geographic datasets for open climate change research. The data from this paper shows a high level of vulnerability to viticulture in Kosovo due to significant trends in water balance and land surface temperature trends within the Drini I Bardhë basin and the future impacts of this on the regions wine agro-tourism by understanding the development of climate change in the region.

Probability Assessment of the Seismic Risk of Highway Bridges with Various Structural Systems (Case Study: Tehran City)

Considering the development of urban transportation systems and the importance of highway bridges in a city’s resilience against earthquakes, it is critical to pay special attention to the seismic risk evaluation of highway bridges. The most significant issue to consider is the assessment of possible direct and indirect damages imposed on bridges before an earthquake. After this, the best practices for bridge rehabilitation can be adopted to minimize the induced damage. In this paper, we assessed the seismic risks associated with all 713 highway bridges in Tehran province (the capital of Iran). These bridges were initially divided into six categories according to their structural system and construction year and were also classified by whether or not seismic design was included. Among the 84,000 earthquakes recommended by the researchers’ ten-thousand-year catalog, a set of 50 ground motion records was selected in the course of a probabilistic approach via the Optimization-based Probabilistic Scenarios (OPS) algorithm in an attempt to obtain the least amount of error compared to the original catalog in the final hazard curve in different regions of Tehran province. Afterward, the seismic fragility curves were plotted in four damage states of slight, moderate, extensive, and complete for the six bridge structural systems of simple, steel, concrete slab box, concrete slab–steel box, concrete slab, and steel girder–concrete slab. The results of the fragility curves extracted from the decision tree analysis were validated with those developed from incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) for a bridge case study modeled in the OpenSEES software V2.5.0. Later, using logical relationships, seismic risk curves were drawn for each structural system. The results show that, in general, the average seismic damage of bridges over ten years old is 0.88 times the average damage of bridges less than ten years old. The highest level of vulnerability is associated with the simple bridge system with a median vulnerability of 0.44. Moreover, the lowest level of vulnerability is related to the steel girder–concrete slab bridge system with a median vulnerability of 0.98, showing an increase of approximately 2.2 times in the median vulnerability. In addition, based on the sensitivity analysis results, the indirect and total risk levels increase almost exponentially with increasing the reconstruction index.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Non-Face-to-Face Coaching

This study examined the effectiveness of non-face-to-face coaching in South Korea in order to present alternatives in the post-COVID-19 environment. The research collected domestic studies on non-face-to-face coaching in South Korea and analysed the studies through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Among 1081 papers retrieved from the database, we selected ten papers for meta-analysis. Using the random effect model to measure effect size, the total effect size of non-face-to-face coaching was 0.77. When we divided the effect of non-face-to-face coaching into psychological, cognitive, and physical effects, the cognitive effects were the largest. In addition, examining non-face-to-face coaching by type resulted in a larger effect size of web-based online coaching in comparison to telephone coaching. By contrast, the effect sizes of non-face-to-face coaching by subject had the largest effect size on subjects with the highest level of vulnerability. This study found that non-face-to-face coaching had a large effect, with relatively large cognitive and psychological effects. Future investigations should supplement the present research through follow-up studies on non-face-to-face coaching.

Self-assessed health status and obesity vulnerability in rural Louisiana: A cross-sectional analysis.

Rural communities are resource-constrained and at higher risk of obesity and obesity-related conditions. Thus, studying self-assessed health status and underlying vulnerabilities is critical to provide insights to the program planners for effective and efficient planning of obesity prevention programs. This study aims to investigate the correlates of self-assessed health status and subsequently determine the obesity vulnerability level of residents in rural communities. Randomly sampled data were obtained from in-person community surveys in three rural Louisiana counties-East Carroll, Saint Helena, and Tensas-in June 2021. The association of social-demographic factors, grocery store choice, and exercise frequency with self-assessed health was investigated using the ordered logit model. An obesity vulnerability index was constructed using the weights obtained from the principal component analysis. The results show that gender, race, education, possession of children, exercise frequency, and grocery store choice significantly influence self-assessed health status. Around 20% of respondents fall into the most-vulnerable segment and 65% of respondents are vulnerable to obesity. The obesity vulnerability index ranged from -4.036 to 4.565, indicating a wide heterogeneity in the vulnerability level of rural residents. The findings show that the self-assessed health status of rural residents is not promising along with a high level of vulnerability to obesity. The findings from this study could serve as a reference in the policy discussion regarding an effective and efficient suite of interventions in rural communities to address obesity and promote well-being.

Cortisol reactivity and emotional cognitive processes in healthy youth presenting elevated vulnerability to anxiety

Children diagnosed with anxiety disorders show altered reactive cortisol levels and emotional cognitive processes. To date, it remains unclear whether anxiety pathologies lead to these dysregulations or whether they are detectable in healthy children. If the latter is true, this may provide insight into their vulnerability to developing anxiety disorders. Various personality factors (anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, perseverative cognitions) have been found to increase one’s vulnerability to developing clinical anxiety. The purpose of this study was to examine whether vulnerability to anxiety was associated with cortisol reactivity, attentional biases towards threat, and perceptual information needed to identify emotional faces in healthy youth. In total, 114 children (8-12 y/o) were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test for Children while saliva samples were collected for later cortisol quantification. Children completed two cognitive tasks to assess attentional biases and visual perception of emotional information. Vulnerability to anxiety was assessed using a composite score of the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale for Children, and the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire. Results showed that higher vulnerability to anxiety was associated with enhanced cortisol reactivity for boys, as well as faster reaction times to anger-related stimuli and less perceptual information needed to identify angry faces for boys and girls. These results indicate that endocrine and cognitive patterns characterizing anxiety disorders are detectable in healthy children who exhibit a high level of self-reported vulnerability to anxiety. These results could aid in the early identification of children at risk of developing an anxiety disorder.

A biopsychosocial perspective of the effects of stress during development and its relationship to one’s vulnerability to psychopathology

Various stress-related psychopathologies, for which the prevalence is known to increase during late childhood and early adolescence, have been associated with dysregulated patterns of cortisol secretion and distinct cognitive profiles. Most studies have been performed in clinical populations and utilize cross-sectional designs. As such, this has prevented researchers from drawing clear conclusions regarding the temporality of the observed effects. Importantly, different individual, familial, and societal factors are known to impact the regulation of the HPA axis activity. Therefore, these factors may moderate one’s risk of developing certain psychopathologies and/or modulating symptom severity or cognitive profiles that characterize various stress-related psychopathologies. This symposium is composed of four young investigators and will focus on the cognitive and clinical correlates of stress exposure in childhood, as well as the various individual, familial, and societal influences that moderate these effects. First, Catherine Raymond (Université du Québec à Montréal) will present data on cortisol reactivity and emotional cognitive processes in healthy children exhibiting high levels of vulnerability to anxiety, as assessed by various personality traits known to be predictive of clinical anxiety. Then, the two following presentations will address COVID-related stress in children. Alexe Bilodeau-Houle (Université du Québec à Montréal) will first discuss how cortisol levels prior to and following the first COVID-19 lockdown are related to psychological distress symptoms in healthy children. Thereafter, Sydney Yi (University of California) will present data related to the pandemic from a family-related perspective. Of note, she will comment on the effect of COVID-19-related parental job loss and financial stress on executive functioning performance and mental health in a parent and their child. Finally, Christina Cantave (University of Montreal) will present data pertaining to socio-economic status mobility during childhood and adolescence and how this relates to HPA axis activity in twin dyads. Altogether, this data will present a biopsychosocial perspective of how stress during childhood modulates one’s vulnerability to develop stress-related psychopathologies.

An impact-based forecast system developed for hydrometeorological hazards

This article describes the Impact-Based Forecast (IBF) system developed for hydrometeorological disasters in Brazil. The system was conceived on some fundamental elements: mapping risk areas for floods and mass movement events, characteristics of the vulnerability and population exposed in such areas, and implementation of a robust observational network. Data from all warnings issued between 2017 and 2021 are compared with disasters recorded during the same period. The results show the efficiency of such a system when the warning level is very high, but also the weaknesses at moderate warning levels. The system, developed for a country with a very large number of risk areas and a high level of social vulnerability of the population living in these areas, can be adapted and implemented in other countries with such similarities.

Resilience Capacity Assessment of Communities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

The study assessed the resilience capacity of communities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The resilience capacity was accessed based on the absorptive, adaptive and transformative capacity of the communities using Resilience Capacity Assessment Questionnaire (RCAQ). RCAQ was administered to four hundred (400) respondents and data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that communities were found to be within low (138), moderate (429) and high (228) vulnerability levels. The absorptive strength of the communities revealed that they have access to their saving during shock event such as flood (51.8%, Mean = 3.48, SD= 1.17) while the identified challenge was the lack of insurance coverage for various socio-economics activities in the aftermath of hazard event (51.5%, Mean = 2.90, SD= 1.33). Communities showed strength in the adaptive capacity such as diversified means of livelihood within their community (57.7%, Mean = 3.15, SD= 1.09); however, they lack early warning and natural resources management training (47.9%, Mean = 1.95, SD= 1.07). The communities showed strength in transformative attribute such as market availability for household to sell and buy agricultural product (68.5%, Mean = 3.23 SD= 1.17) but lack access to formal safety net in the community (53.6%, Mean = 2.09 SD= 1.04). The outcome revealed that resilience capacity building was hindered by poor social amenities (25.6%) and communities should be in control of their resources (25.6%) to improve resilience capacity. Conclusively, communities’ resilience capacity building process was lacking from the absorptive and transformative capacities perspective; hence, there is need for government-community engagement as a means to develop community resilience capacity.

Perancangan Board Game Sebagai Media Pengenalan Mitigasi Bencana Banjir

Indonesia is a country with a high level of vulnerability to the risks of disaster events. In the last five years, from 2017 to 2021, disaster events in Indonesia have been dominated by floods among other types of disasters. To avoid the impact of disaster risk, every element of society is obliged to be involved in disaster management efforts. The initial stage of disaster management is disaster mitigation which needs to be introduced to the public through outreach and education aimed at building disaster awareness behavior and practicing disaster mitigation skills early. However, disaster education is actually hampered, in part because the availability of teaching materials is still limited. From the various media that have been implemented, board games are considered to be able to introduce complex disaster concepts by being packaged into games with educational value through a gamification approach that can increase motivation in learning disaster insights. This design was prepared with the aim of making flood disaster introduction media through board games with educational value to teenagers. The method used is to collect data from literature studies, existing studies on disaster education products, in-depth interviews, preparation of play flows with swimlane scenario descriptions, gameplay studies with mechanics &amp; gameplay studies, then mapping out concepts to design prototypes that will be tested on target users. The final result is a board game called MitiGo which can increase awareness of the risk of flood disasters by increasing enthusiasm and encouraging student involvement in the learning process of flood disaster mitigation. Keywords: Board Game, Gamification, Disaster Mitigation.