Higher Levels Of Extraversion Research Articles

Differences in wayfinding inclinations among women and men: a matter of personality and affect, not just gender

Women report different levels of wayfinding inclinations than men. This study is an exploration of whether individual factors such as personality traits and affect can provide insights into the gender differences observed in wayfinding inclinations, such as in the attitudes toward exploring and spatial anxiety. The study involved 454 adults (271 women) who completed questionnaires on personality traits, affective state, attitudes toward exploring and spatial anxiety. Women reported lower positive attitudes toward exploring and higher spatial anxiety than men. Openness and positive affect were associated with positive attitudes toward exploring places in both genders whereas extraversion was associated with attitudes toward exploring places among men. Higher levels of extraversion were linked to lower spatial anxiety in both genders, higher levels of negative affect were associated with greater spatial anxiety among men, and lower levels of emotional stability were associated with greater spatial anxiety among women. Therefore, gender does not play a singular role in explaining differences in self-reported wayfinding inclinations. Instead, negative affect (at least for men) and low emotional stability (at least among women) tend to hinder such inclinations whereas openness and positive affect contribute to their promotion. These results provide insights into how the patterns of relationships among wayfinding inclinations, personality traits, and affect vary between men and women, with possible implications for assessment and intervention.

Dark and bright personality dimensions as predictors of criminal behavior and recidivism

A growing body of research highlights the continuum between dark and bright personality traits impacting individual prosocial or antisocial tendencies. However, the interplay between personality dimensions and actual criminal behavior and its reoccurrence is not fully elucidated. We aimed to explore the cumulative predictive value of the bright and dark core of personality for criminal history in differentiating a general community sample (N = 282) from a large sample of inmates (N = 296), with (n = 129) or without (n = 167) criminal history while controlling for age, sex and impression management. Predictors of first-time offending were higher levels of Neuroticism, Openness, Dark Factor, Sadism, and Deceitfulness. Criminal recidivism was predicted by high Neuroticism and Deceitfulness. Finally, higher levels of Extraversion were negatively related to criminal behavior and history, highlighting a potential protective effect of displaying assertive and sociable tendencies. The findings highlight the relevance of considering the dark personality core complementary to the typical personality dimensions in the risk assessment, prediction, and reduction of criminal behavior.

Developing the future academic workforce: A descriptive cross-sectional study of the experiences of early career academics from registered health and social care professions

BackgroundHealthcare academics are generally recruited for their expertise as practitioners, however this may not always convert into expertise in higher education. ObjectiveInvestigate experiences of academics who transitioned from clinical roles by:1.Ascertaining prior understanding of the academic role.2.Understanding motivations to transition to academia.3.Determining whether expectations reflected reality.4.Identifying support needs for a successful transition. DesignDescriptive cross-sectional survey. Participants122 survey responses; 103 females, 89.3 % UK participants, 65.6 % nurses. Average years as clinician was 14.49 (SD 8.44), average age at time of transition was 39.99 (SD 8.28), average length of time in academia was 4.36 years (SD 6.51) and most were currently employed as a senior lecturer (36.9 %) or lecturer (28.7 %). MethodsAn electronic survey using an amended version of the Career Transition Inventory (CTI), the HEXACO personality trait measure, and open questions for elaboration.Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed on statistical data and open questions were analysed thematically. Results73 % of participants agreed they felt like a novice again and were overwhelmed in their first year of academia. Most felt they received support from their line manager and the transition was the right decision. Higher levels of extraversion were associated with a positive transition, and those open to new experiences were more likely to feel ready and confident in their career transition.The qualitative data identified four themes: the need to do something different, expectations not reflecting reality, levels of support, and it being a transformative experience. ConclusionsReasons for transitioning from clinical to academic roles are multifaceted. There is a lack of prior understanding around the complexities of the role, and expectations rarely reflect reality. Academic roles require extensive support and development, and time to transition into the role effectively.

ОСОБИСТІСНІ ДЕСКРИПТОРИ ЗРІЛОСТІ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ

The purpose of the article is to theoretically and empirically study the personal descriptors of students' civic identity maturity. Methods. The study used psychodiagnostic methods for determining personality characteristics (the Big Five by R. McKrae and P. Costa, the locus of control test by J. Rotter, the stress level test by V. Shcherbatykh), as well as the methodology for diagnosing the level of maturity of civic identity by I. Petrovska. The methods of statistical data processing were correlation, comparative and cluster analysis. The sample of the researchers consisted of students of humanitarian specialties of 1-5 courses of universities in Lviv. Results. The correlation analysis showed that the largest number of correlations is formed by such indicators of civic identity as general maturity and resilience. Indicators of civic identity maturity are directly related to personal characteristics: conscientiousness, neuroticism, stress level (direct relationship), external locus of control, extraversion (inverse relationship). The resilience of civic identity is related to the level of stress and the localization of control. Cluster analysis showed that civic identity resilience was a parameter for dividing respondents into two subgroups. Individuals with a low level of civic identity resilience are characterized by low levels of extraversion, high levels of conscientiousness, neuroticism, and stress, as well as internalization of the locus of control. Individuals with a high level of civic identity resilience are characterized by a high level of extraversion, low levels of conscientiousness, neuroticism and stress, as well as a high level of locus of control externalization. Conclusions. The maturity of civic identity is related to such personal parameters as introversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, high stress level, and internal locus of control. An inverse relationship between resilience and maturity of civic identity was found, which means that the characteristic feature of the latter is not rigidity but flexibility. Individuals with a high level of civic identity resilience are characterized by a high level of extraversion, low levels of conscientiousness, neuroticism and stress, as well as a high level of external locus of control.

University students' and lecturers' perceived stress and satisfaction with life during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The role of personality traits and self‐efficacy

AbstractThis article investigates the links between the Big Five personality traits and self‐efficacy, perceived stress, and life satisfaction during the COVID‐19 pandemic on a large sample of Czech university students and lecturers (N = 11,824). The study's findings indicate that during the pandemic, negative emotionality was strongly associated with both perceived stress and life satisfaction. The study also reveals a positive link between extraversion and perceived stress across the entire sample, and in the student group specifically, extraversion was negatively associated with life satisfaction. This suggests that a high level of extraversion may not act as a protective factor in situations of limited social contact, for example, under the social restriction mandates during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Additionally, self‐efficacy was associated with higher satisfaction with life but also higher perceived stress. This finding contradicts previous research conducted before and during the pandemic and warrants further investigation. Interestingly, the links between personality traits, self‐efficacy, perceived stress, and life satisfaction were not significantly moderated by professional position. Both lecturers and students experienced similar disruptions to their daily routines, social isolation, and financial concerns during the pandemic.

Relationship between Personality Characteristics and Spiritual Health

Abstract Background: Spirituality significantly impacts our well-being. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the role of personality traits and Spiritual Well-Being (SWB) responses. Methods: We utilized the Five Factor Personality Inventory and the Spiritual Health and Life Orientation Measure. A total of 264 individuals aged 18 to 80 (M=37.17; SD=13.88) participated, with 78% female and 22% male. Results: Our findings indicate that individuals with higher levels of extraversion (β=-0.15) have greater spiritual well-being. Individuals who have higher levels of openness to experience (β=0.19) and neuroticism (β=0.17) tend to have lower spiritual health. Conclusion: Extraverted individuals perceive enhanced development in spiritual ideals, resulting in elevated levels of spiritual health. Future research could explore additional factors influencing spiritual well-being. Keywords: Personality Factors, Spiritual Well-Being, Extraversion, Correlational Study.

The roles of extraversion and neuroticism in the relationship between childhood adversity and adolescent substance misuse.

Although the influences of extraversion and neuroticism on the relationship between childhood adversity and substance misuse have been considered in adults, they are not yet clear and have not been examined among adolescent samples. This study sought to investigate the relationship between childhood adversity and adolescent substance misuse, alongside the influences of extraversion and neuroticism, using data from a longitudinal birth cohort study. Statistical analyses were performed on a longitudinal dataset provided by the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS). After controlling for confounds, childhood adversity was a significant predictor of substance use disorder symptoms in adolescence. Moderation analyses showed that experiences of childhood adversity were most strongly associated with adolescent substance use disorder symptoms at higher levels of extraversion and at higher levels of neuroticism. Among adolescents who have experienced childhood adversity, extraversion and neuroticism may be risk factors for substance use disorder. By encouraging professionals to target adolescent substance misuse intervention and prevention approaches towards those who have experienced childhood adversity and are high in extraversion and/or neuroticism, these findings may help to diminish the prevalence of adolescent substance misuse and improve the health of adolescents.

The Dark Tetrad: analysis of profiles and relationship with the Big Five personality factors

The Dark Tetrad (DT) is composed of the traits of Narcissism, Machiavellianism, Psychopathy, and Sadism. Most studies analyzing the DT have employed a variable-centered approach, analyzing the traits separately. In the present study, we treat DT as a whole, adopting a person-centered approach. We analyzed different homogeneous subgroups of individuals characterized by specific DT profiles, aiming to examine their relationship with Big Five personality factors. A sample of 1149 participants (50.1% women, 18–79 years) completed The Short Dark Triad and the Assessment of Sadistic Personality instrument to assess DT, while the Mini-IPIP was used to assess the Big Five personality factors. Cluster analysis yielded five groups: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, Mean DT, Low DT, and High DT group. The main results showed that the High DT group was distinguished by higher levels of extraversion and lower levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness (compared with the Low DT group). Moreover, the Narcissism group was characterized by higher scores on emotional stability, openness to experience, and extraversion. Finally, distribution according to gender varied across DT groups (more men than women in the High DT group and the opposite in the Low DT group). Limitations and future lines of research are discussed.

Premorbid personality traits as predictors for incident predementia syndromes: a multistate model approach.

Associations have been found between five-factor model (FFM) personality traits and risk of developing specific predementia syndromes such as subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aims of this study were to: 1) Compare baseline FFM traits between participants who transitioned from healthy cognition or SCD to amnestic MCI (aMCI) versus non-amnestic MCI (naMCI); and 2) Determine the relationship between FFM traits and risk of transition between predementia cognitive states. Participants were 562 older adults from the Einstein Aging Study, 378 of which had at least one follow-up assessment. Baseline data collected included levels of FFM personality traits, anxiety and depressive symptoms, medical history, performance on a cognitive battery, and demographics. Follow-up cognitive diagnoses were also recorded. Mann-Whitney U tests revealed no differences in baseline levels of FFM personality traits between participants who developed aMCI compared to those who developed naMCI. A four-state multistate Markov model revealed that higher levels of conscientiousness were protective against developing SCD while higher levels of neuroticism resulted in an increased risk of developing SCD. Further, higher levels of extraversion were protective against developing naMCI. FFM personality traits may be useful in improving predictions of who is at greatest risk for developing specific predementia syndromes. Information on these personality traits could enrich clinical trials by permitting trials to target individuals who are at greatest risk for developing specific forms of cognitive impairment. These results should be replicated in future studies with larger sample sizes and younger participants.

A Data-Driven Approach to Team Formation in Software Engineering Based on Personality Traits

Collaboration among individuals with diverse skills and personalities is crucial to producing high-quality software. The success of any software project depends on the team’s cohesive functionality and mutual complementation. This study introduces a data-centric methodology for forming Software Engineering (SE) teams centred around personality traits. Our study analysed data from an SE course where 157 students in 31 teams worked through four project phases and were evaluated based on deliverables and instructor feedback. Using the Five-Factor Model (FFM) and a variety of statistical tests, we determined that teams with higher levels of extraversion and conscientiousness, and lower neuroticism, consistently performed better. We examined team members’ interactions and developed a predictive model using extreme gradient boosting. The model achieved a 74% accuracy rate in predicting inter-member satisfaction rankings. Through graphical explainability, the model underscored incompatibilities among members, notably those with differing levels of extraversion. Based on our findings, we introduce a team formation algorithm using Simulated Annealing (SA) built upon the insights derived from our predictive model and additional heuristics.

89 The Effect of Personality Traits on the Development of Predementia Cognitive States: Results from the Einstein Aging Study

Objective:Recent research has found associations between the Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits (Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism) and risk of developing subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and/or dementia. It has therefore been proposed that personality should be incorporated into conceptual models of dementia risk, as personality assessments have utility as readily available, low-cost measures to predict who is at greater risk for developing pathological cognitive decline. The objective of the present study was to explore the relationship between FFM personality traits and predementia cognitive syndromes including SCD, amnestic MCI (aMCI), and non-amnestic MCI (naMCI). The first aim was to compare baseline personality traits between participants who transitioned from healthy cognition or SCD to aMCI vs. naMCI. The second aim was to determine the relationship between FFM personality traits and risk of transition between predementia cognitive states. The third aim was to explore relationships between levels of FFM personality traits and performance on a comprehensive cognitive battery.Participants and Methods:The participants for this study were 562 (Aim 3; Mean Age = 78.90) older adults from the Einstein Aging Study, 378 of which had at least one follow-up assessment (Aims 1 & 2; Mean Age = 78.60). Baseline levels of FFM personality traits were measured in the EAS using the 50-item International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) version of the NEO-Personality Inventory. Baseline levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, medical history, performance on a cognitive battery and age sex, and years of education were also collected. A multistate Markov approach was used to model the risk of transition across the four predementia states (cognitively healthy, SCD, aMCI, and naMCI) with each FFM personality trait as covariates.Results:Regarding Aim 1, Mann-Whitney U tests revealed no differences in levels of FFM personality traits between participants who developed aMCI compared to those who developed naMCI. Regarding Aim 2, the multistate Markov model revealed that higher levels of conscientiousness were protective against developing SCD while higher levels of neuroticism resulted in an increased risk of developing SCD. Further, the model revealed that higher levels of extraversion were protective against developing naMCI. Finally, regarding Aim 3, exploratory correlations revealed many positive associations between levels of openness to experience and performance on neuropsychological tests. Few associations were found for the other FFM personality traits.Conclusions:Results from this study suggest that premorbid personality traits may play a predictive role in the risk for or protection against specific predementia syndromes. Thus, FFM personality traits may be useful in improving predictions of who is at greatest risk for developing specific predementia syndromes. These personality measures could be used (in addition to other established risk factors for cognitive decline) to enrich clinical trials by targeting individuals who are at greatest risk for developing specific forms of cognitive decline. Such measures may also be useful in diagnostic prediction models for predementia syndromes. These results should be replicated in future studies with larger sample sizes and younger participants.

The Role of Resilience in the Relationships between the Big Five Personality Traits and Life Satisfaction and Anxiety

The objective of this study was to examine the role resilience plays in the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and anxiety and life satisfaction. A total of 470 students from the University of Zagreb in Croatia participated in the study. The results are explained within the framework of McCrae and Costa's (1991) temperament and instrumental model of personality and well-being. A path analysis and a bootstrapping resampling method were performed. Higher levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability were associated with higher levels of resilience, which was related to lower levels of anxiety and higher life satisfaction. It can be concluded that resilience is a full mediator between extraversion and conscientiousness on the one hand, and life satisfaction and anxiety on the other. In addition, resilience is a partial mediator between agreeableness and emotional stability, and also between life satisfaction and anxiety. The practical contribution of the study lies in understanding how to better support students’ mental health by targeting the protective factors of different personality traits. Keywords: personality, life satisfaction, anxiety, resilience, early adulthood

Exploring the relationship between personality and chronic pain in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta: A cross-sectional study.

Despite the growing body of research on chronic pain in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of the influence of psychological factors on pain experienced by individuals with this condition. This study aims to delve into the correlation between personality traits and various aspects of pain, such as frequency, intensity, appraisal, and coping mechanisms, in a significant sample of adults with OI. Additionally, the investigation seeks to identify whether certain personality profiles may be more susceptible to chronic pain within this specific population. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 418 adults diagnosed with OI. Participants completed an online survey that assessed sociodemographic and clinical variables, pain parameters, personality traits, pain appraisal, and coping strategies. Subsequently, descriptive, correlational, cluster and comparative analyses were performed. Up to 83% of the participants reported experiencing pain on a regular basis. Regarding personality dimensions, moderate scores were obtained, with no significant differences compared to the general population. Neuroticism emerged as the trait showing the most robust relationships with the evaluated variables. It positively correlated with pain intensity, frequency, and the perception of pain as threatening (P < .001). Conversely, higher levels of extraversion were associated with a reduction in pain and its threatening perception (P < .001). Finally, the cluster analysis revealed a personality profile that showed greater vulnerability in pain adaptation, characterized by high levels of neuroticism and low levels of extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Chronic pain is prevalent in adults with OI. Personality dimensions maintain a significant relationship with this pain, acting as vulnerability or protective factors. Consequently, specific personality profiles are associated with poorer adaptation. Understanding these profiles would allow for a deeper comprehension of the pain experience in adults with OI.

Personality traits in singers performing various music styles and with different singing status.

Objective was to find personality traits in singers performing various music styles and with different singing status. The study consisted of 87 singers (66 females, 21 males; age: M±SD 25.5±8.2 years; 40 students, 22 professionals and 25 amateurs; 38 classical singers, 42 contemporary commercial music [CCM] singers; 55 solo singers and 22 choral singers). Participants filled in the NEO Five-Factor Inventory questionnaire and demographic information form. Median values compared to the Polish general population, suggest that solo, CCM, student and professional singers have a high level of conscientiousness. Those who sing in a choir, classical music, amateurs and students have relatively high level of agreeableness. High level of extraversion is observed among CCM singers and students. Students score higher on extraversion then professionals (p < 0.001). Professionals score higher on extraversion then amateurs (p < 0.01). Professionals less frequently than amateurs and students score high on agreeableness (p < 0.001). High scores on conscientiousness are significantly higher among professionals and students compared to amateurs (p < 0.001 in both cases). Solo singers have higher level of conscientiousness (p < 0.001) and openness (p < 0.001) and lower neuroticism (p < 0.01) than choral singers. Classical singers more often than CCM singers score low on openness (p < 0.01) and high on agreeableness (p < 0.01). Classical singers have lower level of openness and higher level of agreeableness than CCM singers. Neuroticism is higher among choir than solo singers and conscientiousness is higher among solo than choir singers. Amateurs had the highest level of neuroticism and the lowest level of conscientiousness as compared with professional singers and students. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(4):541-50.

Personality and vocational interest typologies associated with better coping and resilience in paramedicine: A review of two models

Paramedics’ continued exposure to work-related stressors can negatively impact emotional wellbeing. Having or developing resilience contributes to better coping. Understanding differences in individual predispositions as they relate to resilience and coping can provide a needed understanding of why some people flourish while others are more at risk, with important implications for identifying and facilitating bespoke support for paramedics more at risk. The purpose of this article then is firstly to review two of the main well-validated models of innate dispositions in differential psychology, widely used in organisational and industrial psychology: personality and vocational interests. These are The Big-Five/Five-Factor Model and Holland's RIASEC. Then, we report which dispositions are an advantage for paramedic coping and resilience. Concerning personality, our findings from the literature suggest that for paramedics, lower levels of Neuroticism and Openness, and higher levels of Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness are associated with higher resilience and better coping. RIASEC associations suggest person-environment congruence is also related to resilience and coping, this being for those with the profession's predominant Holland code of RSI (Realist, Social and Investigative inclinations). Paramedics approximating these preferences are, it appears, innately relatively less at risk of the negative effects associated with occupational stressors in paramedicine. Stressors typically include post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression and other psychological reactions that all can result in suicide. Importantly, such resilience does not mean an individual is instinctively protected from some form of emotional suffering. The implications of verifying the significance of predispositions implies the need to harness organisational psychology as part of training courses, and the need for involvement of psychologists in the field, both preventatively and in clinical care.

Personality Traits And Employability Skills Of Grade 12 Student Interns: Basis For Enhanced School Immersion Program

This study aimed to investigate the personality traits and employability skills of Grade 12 student interns and their implications for an enhanced school immersion program. The study used a mixed-method research approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The results revealed that the Grade 12 student interns generally displayed positive personality traits, such as high levels of extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. They also exhibited strong employability skills, particularly in communication and teamwork. However, the interns identified areas for improvement, such as problem-solving and adaptability. Based on the findings, the study concluded that Grade 12 student interns possess favorable personality traits and employability skills, which contribute to their success during the school immersion program. However, there is a need for further development in certain areas, such as problem-solving and adaptability. The study recommended that schools consider incorporating targeted training and development opportunities to enhance the interns' problem-solving and adaptability skills. Additionally, it suggested providing more varied and challenging internship experiences to further develop these skills.

Personality, family relationships and school climate dimensions as predictors of dispositional forgiveness in adolescence

The mental health benefits of forgiveness are well-established in the literature. The growing research on dispositional forgiveness in adolescence is indicative of the need to better understand its role in youth’s well-being. In order to examine dispositional forgiveness in adolescence, measures regarding Big 5 personality factors (individual level), family relationships, school climate (system level), and sociodemographic variables at an individual and system level were used. Participants were 1,378 adolescents attending junior and senior high schools located in the broader area of Attica, Greece, randomly selected. Younger age, lower levels of neuroticism, and higher levels of extraversion, agreeableness and quality communication with the mother predicted higher forgiveness of self. Higher levels of openness to experience, agreeableness, quality communication with the father, positive behavior, positive attitude, and lower levels of lack of respect in the school predicted higher forgiveness of others. Finally, lower levels of neuroticism, higher levels of extraversion, agreeableness, and positive behavior in the school predicted higher levels of forgiveness of situations. The findings highlight the important role of personality factors and indicate the significance of primary prevention interventions in the school community regarding school climate that could contribute to the promotion of dispositional forgiveness and well-being of adolescents.

Emotional intelligence and personality among undergraduate students in a rural district of South India

ABSTRACT Background: Emotional intelligence is a key concept that contributes to the development of stronger relationships, academic and professional success and can lead to better mental, social and even physical health. It helps an individual to understand themselves and others, and has special significance in the life of a student. There is some preliminary evidence that emotional intelligence could also be associated with the personality traits of an individual. This association needs to be explored further and the current study aims to explore the same in the student population. Materials and Methods: The study aimed to assess the level of emotional intelligence and its correlation with the personality traits of college students. A descriptive research design was used and data were collected from 120 undergraduate students using simple random sampling. The emotional intelligence scale and big five inventory questionnaire were used to collect the data. Results: Most of the population belonged to an average level of emotional intelligence (58.3%), reported a high level of openness (49.2%), low level of conscientiousness (55.8%), high level of extraversion (76.7%), high level of agreeableness (47.5%) and low level of neuroticism (65.8%). Emotional intelligence was negatively correlated to neuroticism (r = −0.349**). Conclusion: The study results indicate that there is a significant correlation between emotional intelligence and neuroticism among undergraduate students. This aspect can be further explored to develop an intervention to enhance emotional intelligence among undergraduate students.

Influence of social augmented reality app usage on customer relationships and continuance intention: The role of shared social experience

Drawing on augmented reality (AR) and social networks literatures, this study investigates social AR’s influence in building relationships among customers through a shared social experience that includes shared sense of place, social interaction, and social identity. The study recruited 528 active users of a social AR application and used the Structural Equation Modeling (with AMOS 27) for hypothesis testing. Results show that shared sense of place, social interaction, and social identity mediate the influence of social AR usage on customer-to-customer relationships, which consequently enhance customers’ continued intention to use the social AR application. Additionally, the moderated mediation analysis result revealed that the indirect effect of social AR usage on customer-to-customer relationship is positively moderated by extraversion, such that the mediated relationship becomes stronger at a higher level of extraversion. These findings offer important contributions to the social media marketing and AR marketing literature and add valuable insights for practitioners to advance the use of AR technology.

Extraversion is associated with lower cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress

Background and aimsExtraversion has been associated with positive physical health outcomes, with adaptive cardiovascular responses to stress being one potential physiological mechanism. The present study examined the influence of extraversion on both cardiovascular reactivity and cardiovascular habituation to an acute psychological stress task (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)) in a sample of healthy undergraduate students. MethodsA sample of 467 undergraduate students completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI) to assess trait extraversion and attended a single stress testing session. The testing session included two identical stress-testing protocols, each consisting of a 10-minute baseline and 4-minute PASAT. Cardiovascular parameters including heart rate (HR), systolic/diastolic blood pressure (S/DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded throughout the testing session. State measures of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), as well as post task measures of self-reported stress were used to assess psychological experiences of the stress task. ResultsExtraversion was significantly associated with lower self-reported stress in response to the initial stress exposure, but not the second stress exposure. Higher levels of extraversion were associated with lower SBP, DBP, MAP and HR reactivity in responses to both exposures to the stressor. However, no significant associations were observed between extraversion and cardiovascular habituation to recurring psychological stress. ConclusionExtraversion is associated with lower cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress and this relationship persists upon repeated exposures to the same stressor. Cardiovascular responses to stress may indicate a potential mechanism facilitating the association between extraversion and positive physical health outcomes.