High-level Structure Research Articles

Objective identification from every success factors or clause of the integration process management system to increase the performance efficiency of state-owned construction services organization in Indonesia

State-Owned Construction Services Organization in Indonesia basically aims to improve the welfare and prosperity of the people. The background of the establishment of the State-Owned Company can be carried out with good performance from within the State-Owned Company body itself. So that State-Owned Company can realize their goals and become the driving force of the national economy in Indonesia to be able to improve the welfare and prosperity of the people. A State-Owned Companies is declared successful if it can increase people’s prosperity which begins by improving the performance of the company. From the explanation above, a state-owned company is able to increase people’s prosperity by increasing the performance of its company by identifying the goals and objectives of each success factor or the High Level Structure clauses in the Integration Process Management System, then evaluating the company’s performance through the outputs which are the objectives. This research method was carried out by means of interview surveys to experts, respondents and also literature study. The integration of management systems is ultimately seen as a very effective tool in optimizing the functions of the quality, safety, health, and environmental management system procedures in carrying out construction projects by a construction service organization. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the most influential objective for the efficiency of organizational performance came from the leadership clause

Proposals for a practical calibration method for mechanical torque measurement on the wind turbine drive train under test on a test bench

AbstractThe mechanical torque input into the wind turbine drive train is a very useful measurement for tests performed on a test bench. To ensure the accuracy and the reliability, an accurate calibration of the torque measurement must be carried out and repeated within a certain period of time. However, owing to the high torque level and large structure size, such a calibration is both expensive and time consuming. To overcome this challenge, a new calibration method is proposed here. The method is based on the electrical power measurement, where a high level of accuracy is much easier to achieve. With the help of a special test process, a relationship between the torque‐measuring signal and the electrical power can be established. The process comprises two tests with the drive train running in different operating modes. The calibration is possible by carrying out the same test process on several different torque levels. Detailed uncertainty analysis of the method is presented, whereby the uncertainty can be calculated by means of matrix operation and also numerically. As a demonstration, the implementation of the method on a test bench drive train that contains two 5‐MW motors in tandem with the motors operating in a back‐to‐back configuration is also presented. Finally, some variations on the method and possible ways of achieving better accuracy are discussed.

Why Defend Humean Supervenience?

Humean Supervenience (HS) is a metaphysical model of the world according to which all truths hold in virtue of nothing but the total spatiotemporal distribution of perfectly natural, intrinsic properties. David Lewis and others have worked out many aspects of HS in great detail. A larger motivational question, however, remains unanswered: As Lewis admits, there is strong evidence from fundamental physics that HS is false. What then is the purpose of defending HS? In this paper, we argue that the philosophical merit of HS is largely independent of whether it correctly represents the world’s fundamental structure. In particular, we show that insofar as HS is an apt model of the world’s higher-level structure, it thereby provides a powerful argument for reductive physicalism and explains otherwise opaque inferential relations. Recent criticism of HS on the grounds that it misrepresents fundamental physical reality is, therefore, beside the point.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ РОЗРОБКИ МІЖНАРОДНИХ СТАНДАРТІВ СИСТЕМ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ

Today, management system standards are an integral part of the overall system of the enterprises control system and one of the effective methods to ensure the contentment of all stakeholders in various areas of activity. The development of management theory has allowed ISO to set up common management practices in form of international standards. Since international management system standards have implications for business practices at all levels and in all industries, research of processes and practice of their development is relevant. It was revealed that the international standardization of management systems occurs in three directions: the standardization of general management systems, their concretization in various industries, and the provisioning of the recommendations for their implementation. Currently, ISO has developed 93 standards for management systems in the field of construction, innovation, energy, food and agriculture, packaging, medicine, information technology, social responsibility, mechanical engineering, safety, environment, transport. At the same time, the need to develop each standard for the management system should be confirmed by a justification in terms of its market significance. Also, to stimulate international cooperation and the practical application of management systems, ISO has developed a structure, common text and terms that should contain management system standards prepared directly by ISO or by various stakeholders at the national or industry level. It is noted that the technical committee-developer of the standard may apply additional specification to ensure that the draft standard being developed does not deviate from its terms of reference and high-level structure. It is concluded that this approach will simplify the process of developing such standards, the procedure for voluntary confirmation of conformity, the introduction of several management system standards and the creation of an integrated management system at the enterprise, which is seen as a way to better manage it.

Evaluation of Markov Models for Architecture Conformance Checking

Conformance between architecture and implementation is a key aspect of architecture-centric development. However, the architecture “as documented” and the architecture “as implemented” tend to diverge from each other over time. Thus, conformance checks should be run periodically on the system in order to detect and correct differences. Despite having a structural conformance analysis, assessing whether the main scenarios describing the architectural behavior are faithfully implemented in the code is still challenging. Checking conformance to architectural scenarios is usually a time-consuming and error-prone activity. In this article, we describe ArchLearner, a tool to assist architects to bridge the gap between architecture and its implementation. The architecture is specified with Use-Case Maps (UCMs), a notation for modeling both high-level structure and behavior. ArchLearner uses Markov Models to detect code deviations with respect to predetermined UCMs, based on the analysis of system execution traces for those UCMs. The results from two case-studies have shown that ArchLearner is practical and reduces conformance checking efforts.

Жанри офіційно-ділової комунікації в релігійному дискурсі

The development of an independent conciliar Ukrainian state and the related processes of restoring historical memory, awakening of national consciousness raised the issue of the functioning of the Ukrainian language in the church, drew public attention to the development of the religious style of the Ukrainian literary language. Like any other public structure, church communicates at the internal religious (confessional) level and at the external – national level. This leads to the formation and establishment of official-business language communication, operation of documents that have characteristic linguistic-structural (lexical, syntactic, textual) features, different from the usual office work. The documentation of the activities of religious organizations reflects the following main stages: – Establishment of religious organizations: statement, charter of the religious community, minutes of the general meeting on the adoption of the statute (regulations) and elections of governing (executive) bodies, a document confirming the organizational and canonical subordination of the religious community, etc. – Staffing: decree. – Participation in the Sacraments: Certificate of Holy Matrimony, Certificate of Baptism and Holy Chrismation, Certificate of Ordination. – Honouring with liturgical and church awards and distinctions. Priests are rewarded with liturgical awards according to the hierarchy of promotion. After that, together with the award, the clergy receive an official document – a Certificate. In addition, there are a number of church awards. Among them are diplomas, orders, medals, which are conferred to lay people who work for the good and prosperity of the Orthodox Church. – Formal business communication for different needs. According to the classification of S. Gongalo, the documents are divided into: – by name: orders, instructions,prescriptions, reports, statements, notes, letters, invitations, etc. – by place of drafting: internal and external. – by origin: official and official personal – by purpose: originals and copies – Confirmation of facts: Reference. Having identified the genres, structure and functioning of official business communication in religious discourse and analyzed them, we can conclude that these documents do not have a high level of standardization, clear structure and rules of design in accordance with legal requirements. They need a clear classification of documents of religious style, the development of requirements for their design, in general – the standardization and unification of official business texts of religious discourse.

Природопользование русского населения Алтая в XVIII — первой половине XIX в.

The adaptation of the Russian traditional industrial structure to the natural environments of the region is analyzed. Agriculture was propelled by the relief and microclimate’s particular qualities. Trade pressure on the animality and plant life was predicated upon economic needs and market conditions. There is a regional specialization in collecting wild herb and in hunting animals. Trade activity had an impact on the animal numbers and the forests health. The inclusion of natural features in the range of trade interests of the peasantry depended on many factors. In general, the high adaptation level of the Russian traditional industrial structure to the natural conditions of the region should be recognised.

Simulation across representation: The interplay of schemas and simulation-based inference on different levels of abstraction.

Language comprehension of action verbs recruits embodied representations in the brain that are assumed to invoke a mental simulation (e.g., "grasping a peanut"). This extends to abstract concepts, as well ("grasping an idea"). We, therefore, argue that mental simulation works across levels of abstractness and involves higher-level schematic structures that subsume a generic structure of actions and events.

Discriminative Sketch Topic Model With Structural Constraint for SAR Image Classification

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image classification is an important part in the understanding and interpretation of SAR images. Each patch in SAR images has a scene category, but usually contains multiple land-cover classes or latent properties, which can be represented by topics in the probabilistic topic model (PTM). The representation and selection of discriminative features in PTM have a large impact on the classification results. Most of the existing feature learning methods do not make full use of high-level structure feature and the feature correlation within similar images to mine discriminative features. Therefore, this article proposes a discriminative sketch topic model with structural constraint (C-SSTM) for SAR image classification. In the proposed model, each image patch is characterized by structural and texture features. In particular, the sketch structural feature is based on the sketch map to represent the image local structure pattern. Then, the local image manifold information is preserved in terms of structure and texture. In the structural constraint, the texture and structure of each image patch are combined to learn discriminative latent semantic topics between image patches. Finally, each image patch is quantified by discriminative latent semantic topics instead of low-level representation. The experimental results tested on synthetic and real SAR images demonstrate that the proposed C-SSTM is able to learn effective structural feature representation from SAR images. Compared with other related approaches, C-SSTM produces competitive classification accuracies with high time efficiency.

The lamellar structure and biomimetic properties of a fish scale matrix.

The chemical composition of scaffolds is similar to the extracellular matrix of the target tissue, but sometimes scaffolds cannot meet the special functional requirements for the initial stage of engineering tissue, such as mechanical and optical properties. Bionic scaffolds require certain levels of supramolecular structure, textile structure and liquid crystal structure. Here, we will focus our attention on animal tissues with a similar high-level structure to that of the target organization and we hope to achieve the desired results through new technical means. In this study, we have developed a method to obtain a fish scale lamellar matrix from grass carp scales. The fine structure of the scale matrix has been studied, and it was found that the grass carp scale matrix is a textured structure consisting of multiple collagen sheets, which have a double-twisted spiral structure similar to a liquid crystal, thus correcting the literature reports of a single twisted spiral structure. Interestingly, this structure has many similarities with the cornea, cementum and tibial matrix. At the same time, the correlation between the etching time and the optical properties of the scaffold was also studied, and the scale matrix can reach light transmission and refraction levels similar to those of the corneal stroma. Moreover, the matrix has good mechanical properties, in vitro anti-enzymatic abilities and compatibility with human corneal epithelial cells. Therefore, this kind of scaffold material and preparation method, with a lamellar structure and special physical parameters, may provide new hope for corneal prosthesis.

The enigmatic Leiosaurae clade: Phylogeography, species delimitation, phylogeny and historical biogeography of its southernmost species

The clade Leiosaurae is composed of poorly-known species endemic to the southern region of South America. The difficulties of finding these lizards in the field, and their highly conserved morphology, have limited our taxonomic knowledge and understanding of their evolutionary histories. Here, we use data collected over 9 years to study the phylogenetic history, genetic diversity, and biogeographic history of almost all the southernmost species of Leiosaurae (except P. nigroigulus), including: Leiosaurus bellii, Diplolaemus darwinii, D. bibronii, D. sexcinctus and D. leopardinus. We use a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene to resolve general phylogeographic patterns, and add another mitochondrial gene and eight nuclear genes to perform species delimitation and phylogenetic analyses associated with divergence times. We found evidence for three putative new species-level taxa within L. bellii and five within Diplolaemus species, indicating high levels of geographic structure. We use a time-calibrated phylogeny to estimate ranges of ancestral distributions and to generate new hypotheses about their historical biogeography.

Construction and Demolition Waste as Recycled Aggregates in Alkali-Activated Concretes.

The growth of global construction has contributed to an inevitable increase in the amount of construction and demolition (C&D) waste, and the recycling of C&D waste as aggregates in concrete is receiving increased interest, resulting in less demand for normal aggregates and bringing a potential solution for the landfilling of wastes. Recently, several studies have focused on the use of C&D waste in alkali-activated concrete to move one step closer to sustainable concretes. This paper focuses on the main mechanisms of using C&D waste in the resulting physical, mechanical, and durability properties of alkali-activated concrete in fresh and hardened state properties. The main difficulties observed with recycled aggregates (RA) in concrete, such as high levels of water demand, porous structure, and low mechanical strength, occur in RA alkali-activated concretes. These are associated with the highly porous nature and defects of RA. However, the high calcium concentration of RA affects the binder gel products, accelerates the hardening rate of the concrete, and reduces the flowability of alkali-activated concretes. For this reason, several techniques have been investigated for modifying the water content and workability of the fresh matrix and for treating RA and RA/alkali-activated binder interactions to produce more sustainable alkali-activated concretes.

OHMI: the ontology of host-microbiome interactions

BackgroundHost-microbiome interactions (HMIs) are critical for the modulation of biological processes and are associated with several diseases. Extensive HMI studies have generated large amounts of data. We propose that the logical representation of the knowledge derived from these data and the standardized representation of experimental variables and processes can foster integration of data and reproducibility of experiments and thereby further HMI knowledge discovery.MethodsThrough a multi-institutional collaboration, a community-based Ontology of Host-Microbiome Interactions (OHMI) was developed following the Open Biological/Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) Foundry principles. As an OBO library ontology, OHMI leverages established ontologies to create logically structured representations of (1) microbiomes, microbial taxonomy, host species, host anatomical entities, and HMIs under different conditions and (2) associated study protocols and types of data analysis and experimental results.ResultsAligned with the Basic Formal Ontology, OHMI comprises over 1000 terms, including terms imported from more than 10 existing ontologies together with some 500 OHMI-specific terms. A specific OHMI design pattern was generated to represent typical host-microbiome interaction studies. As one major OHMI use case, drawing on data from over 50 peer-reviewed publications, we identified over 100 bacteria and fungi from the gut, oral cavity, skin, and airway that are associated with six rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. Our ontological study identified new high-level microbiota taxonomical structures. Two microbiome-related competency questions were also designed and addressed. We were also able to use OHMI to represent statistically significant results identified from a large existing microbiome database data analysis.ConclusionOHMI represents entities and relations in the domain of HMIs. It supports shared knowledge representation, data and metadata standardization and integration, and can be used in formulation of advanced queries for purposes of data analysis.

Integración del proyecto ambiental escolar (PRAE), el plan institucional de gestión ambiental (PIGA) y la ISO 14001 en el colegio distrital Ciudad de Villavicencio de Bogotá

Este artículo presenta la estructuración y entrega de una propuesta de integración del PIGA Decreto 456 de 2008, con el PRAE Decreto 1743 de 1994, basada en el cumplimiento de los requisitos de la ISO 14001:2015 en el colegio distrital Ciudad de Villavicencio. El proceso investigativo se enmarca en los conceptos de la educación ambiental, la gestión ambiental, el pensamiento sistémico y la integración de los sistemas de gestión. Como parte del diseño metodológico, se planteó la revisión del cumplimiento de los requisitos de la norma ambiental, lo cual permitió identificar los requisitos comunes del PIGA y el PRAE con la ISO 14001. El principal hallazgo es la desarticulación del PIGA y PRAE, específicamente en la construcción de los documentos y la planeación y ejecución de actividades, lo cual limita la toma de decisiones y la generación de acciones que permitan una mejor gestión ambiental del colegio. Con base en lo anterior y bajo los parámetros de integración por requisitos comunes mediante el ciclo PHVA (planear, hacer, verificar, actuar), se elabora una propuesta de integración, teniendo como alcance, la alineación de los requisitos del PRAE y PIGA con la estructura de alto nivel de la ISO 14001:2015. La importancia de esta investigación radica en demostrar que el cumplimiento de los requisitos de los sistemas de gestión sea previsivo en la planificación, eficientes en la ejecución y eficaces en el control y la mejora

Effects of environmental enrichment on the welfare of juvenile black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii: Growth, behavior and physiology

Environmental enrichment is a promising way to enhance fish welfare in aquaculture. However, the observed effects of enrichment on fish growth, behavior and physiology vary widely among studies, and few studies have focused on the quantification of enrichment. The present study aimed to investigate whether enrichment type and level significantly affect the growth performance, aggressive behavior, cortisol level and brain monoaminergic activities of juveniles of the black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. Juveniles were reared for eight weeks under different combinations of enrichment type and enrichment level: no environmental enrichment (C), low-level plant enrichment (PL), medium-level plant enrichment (PM), high-level plant enrichment (PH), low-level structure enrichment (SL), medium-level structure enrichment (SM) and high-level structure enrichment (SH). Subsequently, behavioral and physiological parameters were determined. In general, the growth performance, feed intake and food conversion efficiency of C, PM, PH and SL fish were relatively higher than those of fish from the other treatments. Low-level plant treatment produced the highest levels of aggressive behavior, cortisol and brain serotonergic system activity, whereas the medium- and high-level structure treatments yielded the lowest levels of these stress-related behavioral and physiological indicators. C fish had significantly higher stress levels than PM, PH and SL fish. No significant difference among treatments was observed in the condition factor, coefficient of weight variation, locomotor activity, growth hormone level or brain dopaminergic system activity. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence to show that the type and level of environmental enrichment have interaction effects on fish growth performance, behavioral phenotype (especially aggressive behavior) and stress-related physiological processes. Since the control fish had significantly higher stress levels than the fish exposed to medium- and high-level plant enrichment and low-level structure enrichment, we suggest that enriching approximately 50% basal area coverage with objects might be optimal for enhancing fish welfare. Moreover, a possible conceptual model is presented to interpret the effects of enrichment on fish welfare.

Different aggregation states of barley β-glucan molecules affects their solution behavior: A comparative analysis

Barley β-glucan (BBG) is of admirable health advantages, the physiochemical and functional properties of BBG might be affected by its extraction process. The new high speed centrifugal-vortex extraction method was compared to a traditional method, and the extracted BBG was treated by dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM) to analysis the effect of the extraction and DHPM on molecular weight (MW), solution behavior and structural features of BBG. The new method reduced the extraction time by half, increased the yield by about 10%. The DHPM treatment made the BBG viscosity lower and the aggregation particle size distribution narrower. Although the molecular weight was reduced by DHPM treatment, the FT-IR and microstructure results showed that the exogenous physical treatment did not change the primary structure. These results indicated that the solution behavior of BBG affected by exogenous physical treatment was due to the changes of intermolecular aggregation states and high-level structure of BBG molecules.

Development of ICNP-based inpatient falls prevention catalogue.

The International Council of Nurses supports the development of International Classification for Nursing Practice® (ICNP®) catalogues to support the construction of electronic health records and evidence-based practice. Such a catalogue is needed for inpatient falls. The ICNP®-Based Inpatient Fall-Prevention Catalogue ('The Catalogue') was developed following the six steps recommended by the International Council of Nurses: (1) identifying inpatient falls as a priority, (2) gathering relevant concepts from 10 international guidelines and comparing locally defined sets of fall-prevention terms, (3) mapping the concepts to the ICNP® terminology, (4) identifying new concepts, (5) conducting a clinical face validation with a 12-member panel and finalizing The Catalogue and (6) setting a strategy for dissemination. The high-level structure of the International Classification for Patient Safety was used as a theoretical framework. Eighteen nursing care elements and 141 terms were identified. A local vocabulary set had 89 terms (63.1%) that all corresponded to the identified terms. The exact and post-coordination mapping rates to the ICNP® were 75% and 40.6% for assessment/diagnosis/outcomes and interventions, respectively. The 54 new terms corresponded to 52 primitive concepts. An external review of The Catalogue showed that it had adequate understandability and validity. However, one-third of assessments/diagnoses/outcomes and one-fourth of interventions were not found in a tertiary hospital practice. A fall-prevention catalogue has been developed based on evidence and a theoretical framework and also clinically validated. The Catalogue is a standardized interface terminology and content subset in any electronic health recordssystem that can directly deliver evidence on fall prevention. It can also be used as an informatics tool to aggregate, analyse, interpret and compare nursing data worldwide.

Auto-Embedding Generative Adversarial Networks For High Resolution Image Synthesis

Generating images via a generative adversarial network (GAN) has attracted much attention recently. However, most of the existing GAN-based methods can only produce low-resolution images of limited quality. Directly generating high-resolution images using GANs is nontrivial, and often produces problematic images with incomplete objects. To address this issue, we develop a novel GAN called auto-embedding generative adversarial network, which simultaneously encodes the global structure features and captures the fine-grained details. In our network, we use an autoencoder to learn the intrinsic high-level structure of real images and design a novel denoiser network to provide photo-realistic details for the generated images. In the experiments, we are able to produce $512 \times 512$ images of promising quality directly from the input noise. The resultant images exhibit better perceptual photo-realism, that is, with sharper structure and richer details, than other baselines on several datasets, including Oxford-102 Flowers, Caltech-UCSD Birds (CUB), High-Quality Large-scale CelebFaces Attributes (CelebA-HQ), Large-scale Scene Understanding (LSUN), and ImageNet.

Effects of climate and geography on spatial patterns of genetic structure in tropical skinks

Knowledge of how contemporary and historical factors drive patterns of genetic structure across geographic space can shed light on the processes underlying diversification. This approach is especially fruitful in studies of widespread species or species clades that occur across multiple environmental conditions and biomes. In the Neotropics, specifically, molecular data from widespread vertebrate species have revealed high levels of lineage diversity and spatial genetic structure – yet studies that explore the possible correlates of local structure patterns are lacking. We investigate the distribution of lineage diversity within two widespread South American skink species complexes of the genus Mabuya. We characterize genetic structure and diversity in these widely ranged lizards, and identify potential geographic and environmental correlates, to shed light on the processes that promote lineage diversification across the heterogeneous landscapes which they occupy. In both groups, we found mitochondrial lineages to be spatially structured along the coastal forests and the savannas of Brazil. These mtDNA patterns are, however, not shared with those inferred from nuclear DNA markers. The geographic location of major mitochondrial genetic breaks is consistent with those of other taxa, suggesting common responses to former landscape change in eastern South America, particularly along geological faults. Genetic differentiation is correlated with environmental turnover and geographic separation in one, but not in the other, group of skinks. Compared to other studies of similarly widely distributed organisms, the link between spatial environmental gradients and genetic differentiation is not as strong or consistent, suggesting a more complex history underlying current phylogeographic patterns. Our genetic data indicate the existence of yet undescribed diversity in wide-ranging lizards, and the value of phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies of similarly understudied species.

Binaural models that can assess and understand architectural environments

Traditional binaural models, such as those based on cross-correlation and equalization/cancellation algorithms, use a bottom-up approach. They simulate the functions of the ascending auditory pathway from signals at the ears up through higher-level structures, typically the midbrain. In contrast, top-down methods are frequently used in practical robotics applications, for instance, when applying simultaneous-localization-and-mapping (SLAM) techniques. Such top-down approaches, however, are generally absent from models that foster understanding of our auditory system. This talk focuses on binaural-localization models that integrate traditional signal-driven models with psychoacoustically motivated top-down structures, for example, by means of feedback loops. The aim is to design advanced models that operate in architectural environments in order to understand both the environment and activities within the environment. These models are presented in the context of the authors' current work on a contributed book entitled, “The Technology of Binaural Understanding,” which is in press at Springer. The discussed approaches include: models to estimate room-impulse responses and binaural-activity maps from running signals; algorithms to utilize head movements for strategically reading the environment; and algorithms for the automatic labeling of sonic events using deep-learning techniques. [Work supported by the EU-FET project “TwoEars,” Contract No. 618075, NSF BCS-1539276, and CISL (RPI).]Traditional binaural models, such as those based on cross-correlation and equalization/cancellation algorithms, use a bottom-up approach. They simulate the functions of the ascending auditory pathway from signals at the ears up through higher-level structures, typically the midbrain. In contrast, top-down methods are frequently used in practical robotics applications, for instance, when applying simultaneous-localization-and-mapping (SLAM) techniques. Such top-down approaches, however, are generally absent from models that foster understanding of our auditory system. This talk focuses on binaural-localization models that integrate traditional signal-driven models with psychoacoustically motivated top-down structures, for example, by means of feedback loops. The aim is to design advanced models that operate in architectural environments in order to understand both the environment and activities within the environment. These models are presented in the context of the authors' current work on a contributed b...