High Level Of Safety Research Articles

Ionic liquids and their derivatives for lithium batteries: role, design strategy, and perspectives

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the predominant power source for portable electronic devices, and in recent years, their use has extended to higher-energy and larger devices. However, to satisfy the stringent requirements of safety and energy density, further material advancements are required. Due to the inherent flammability and incompatibility of organic solvent-based liquid electrolytes with materials utilized in high energy devices, it is necessary to transition to alternative conductive mediums. The focus is shifting from molecular materials to a class of materials based on ions, including ionic liquids (ILs) and their derivatives such as zwitterionic ILs, polymerized ILs, and solvated ILs, which possess high levels of safety, stability, compatibility, and the ability to rationally design ILs for specific applications. Ion design is crucial to achieve superior control of electrode/electrolyte interphases (EEIs) both on anode and cathode surfaces to realize safer and higher-energy lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). This review summarizes the different uses of ILs in electrolytes (both liquid and solids) for LMBs, reporting the most promising results obtained during the last years and highlighting their role in the formation of suitable EEIs. Furthermore, a discussion on the use of deep-eutectic solvents is also provided, which is a class of material with similar properties to ILs and an important alternative from the viewpoint of sustainability. Lastly, future prospects for the optimization of IL-based electrolytes are summarized, ranging from the functional design of ionic structures to the realization of nanophases with specific features.

The Use of Ultrasound Contrast in Interventional Radiology

AbstractUltrasound contrast agents have gained increasing popularity due to the high level of safety, real-time improved visualization, and ability to detect vascularity. As a result, contrast-enhanced ultrasound lends itself well to interventional radiology including in preprocedure assessment, intraprocedural guidance, and postprocedure evaluation. The authors aim to demonstrate the wide utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in both vascular and nonvascular intervention.

Оптимізація управлінських підходів для впровадження та ефективності системи менеджменту безпеки дорожнього руху

The issues of optimizing management approaches for effective implementation of road traffic safety management systems in enterprises are considered. The authors examine internal and external factors affecting road safety and explore methods to enhance management approaches to ensure a high level of safety. Special attention is paid to process and risk-oriented approaches, as well as the importance of interaction with stakeholders. It is noted that a successful safety management strategy involves integrating safety into all areas of enterprise activities and continuously monitoring the system. Research confirms that adopting such a risk-oriented approach significantly enhances the effectiveness of road safety management systems. Reduction of risks and improvement of safety are the outcomes of implementing this strategy, enabling enterprises to more efficiently control and manage potential road hazards. Future research plans include focusing on developing new methods to assess the effectiveness of safety management systems, aimed at further improving the functionality and reliability of such systems. Additionally, there are plans to conduct a detailed study on the impact of innovative technologies on the functioning of road safety systems, to implement the most effective technical solutions. There are also plans to expand the application of safety management systems across various types of enterprises to ensure an optimal level of safety for a wide spectrum of road users. This may include not only transportation companies but also construction, logistics, and other industries involved in the transportation of goods and services. Taking into account the prospects of further research, it is expected that they will contribute to further improving road safety and ensuring stability for all road users, which is a crucial step in providing safety and comfort on highways.

Analiza udesa i ozbiljnih nezgoda u vazdušnom saobraćaju primenom Microsoft Power BI alata

Safety is a priority in aviation and for all aviation entities, including civil aviation authorities, operators, air traffic control service providers and airports. With the air traffic volume increase, there is a growth in the aviation system efficiency and therefore it is necessary to maintain a high level of safety. Practical processing of the operational data includes the representation and analysis of accidents and incidents in aviation over the certain period. The data presented in the paper are based on the location of the safety event, flight phase, aircraft type, accident frequency rate and other possible factors that can affect aviation safety. The main goal of analyzing the operational data is to raise safety awareness, as well as to maintaining safety risks on satisfactory level including safety risks mitigation measures.

SafePASS: A new chapter for passenger ship evacuation and marine emergency response

Despite the current high level of safety and the efforts to make passenger ships resilient to most fire and flooding scenarios, there are still gaps and challenges in the marine emergency response and ship evacuation processes. Those challenges arise from the fact that both processes are complex, multi-variable problems that rely on parameters involving not only people and technology but also procedural and managerial issues. SafePASS Project, funded under EU's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, is set to radically redefine the evacuation processes by introducing new equipment, expanding the capabilities of legacy systems on-board, proposing new Life-Saving Appliances and ship layouts, and challenging the current international regulations, hence reducing the uncertainty, and increasing the efficiency in all the stages of ship evacuation and abandonment process.

The influence of mining safety management system planning on the safety performance of pt. dairi prima mineral in dairi regency

This study investigates the relationship between safety performance planning, mining safety management, and regional development, focusing on the case of PT Dairi Prima Mineral in Dairi Regency. The findings reveal that while the impact of planning and management review, as well as performance improvement, on safety performance is negative, the remaining three hypotheses indicate positive and significant influences. PT Dairi Prima Mineral plays a vital role in supporting safety performance planning, ensuring high levels of safety and responsibility in their operational activities. The study emphasizes the close relationship and mutual influence between regional development and planning for mining safety management systems. Incorporating prudent natural resource management, especially in the mining sector, is crucial for achieving sustainable regional development. Effective planning for mining safety management systems should include comprehensive assessments of environmental and social impacts associated with resource extraction. By adopting sustainable management practices, responsible utilization of natural resources can be realized, minimizing negative impacts and fostering an environment conducive to sustainable regional development. This study provides valuable insights for mining companies and policymakers to promote sustainable practices and enhance safety performance within the realm of regional development.

Drone Based Inspection of Above Ground Storage Tanks. A Multi Criteria Evaluation Approach

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is an emergent technology with the potential to drastically change the landscape of many civil and industrial activities in the near future. A promising field of application is the inspection and monitoring of industrial plants, where UAVs can be a valid alternative to traditional approaches with a better cost-effectiveness and a higher safety level. Although the disruptive innovative potential of this technology is generally recognized, a consistent methodological approach towards the evaluation of the drawbacks and benefits of employing UAVs in critical industrial operations can hardly be found in the current scientific literature. In such context, this paper proposes a framework for assessing the effectiveness of UAV technology in industrial monitoring applications within a structured multi-objective framework. In particular, the paper compares the traditional ground-based inspection services of Above Ground Storage Tank (AST) with UAV based inspection, by means of the well-known Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method considering time, cost and safety criteria. A case study is also proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach proposed.

Microbiological Safety and Quality of Meals and Work Surfaces in Collective Catering Systems in Central Italy: A Five-Year Monitoring Study.

Ready-to-eat (RTE) meals produced and served by the catering system still represent one of the major causes of foodborne outbreaks, especially for susceptible consumers. Despite the great progress in food hygiene and safety, the systematic monitoring of microbial contamination of foodstuff is the most effective tool to ensure food safety and protect consumers' health. The aim of this study was to perform a thorough assessment of the microbial safety and quality of meals and work surfaces of collective catering systems in central Italy, over a five-year period (2014-2018). In total 11,012 microbiological analytical determinations were performed in food matrices (80.1%) and environmental samples (19.9%). The results obtained show a low level of non-conformities ranging from 2.2% to 6.3% of total samples, concerning both hygiene and safety parameters. A decreasing trend of non-conformities during the years was also highlighted (p-value < 0.05), especially for environmental samples. This study suggests that the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) and the proper definition of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plans, combined with a thorough evaluation of microbiological monitoring, are able to ensure high levels of food safety and hygiene.

Scientific Substantiation, Development, Evaluation of the Safety and Clinical Efficacy of Vitrectomy Technology in Patients with Severe Forms of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Who are on Hemodialysis

Purpose. Scientific substantiation, development, evaluation of the safety and clinical efficacy of vitrectomy technology in patients with severe forms of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) who are on hemodialysis (HD).Methods. We observed 100 patients (69 % women; 31 % men, mean age 63.2 ± 2.4 years) with PDR and chronic renal failure (CRF) requiring regular HD sessions (for at least 3 months). Patients were divided into two equal age, gender and number of patients (50 patients, 50 eyes) groups — the main group (MG), who underwent vitrectomy according to the developed technology, and the control group (CG), who underwent surgical intervention according to the traditional method. A comprehensive examination of the vision’s state was performed before and 14 days after surgery according to clinical and subjective indicators.Results. The data obtained indicate a more pronounced dynamics of the studied parameters in the MG compared to the CG, manifested by a significant (by 3–18 %) decrease in the incidence of intra and postoperative complications, a more pronounced (by 16.6 %, p < 0.01) decrease total score according to two developed specific subjective qualitative criteria for the condition of the fundus, a significantly higher (by 20 %) probability of an increase in BCVA, as well as a more significant increase in the level of the patient’s “quality of life” (by 10.4–14.9 %, p < 0.05 depending on the questionnaire used).Conclusion. The developed technology for performing vitrectomy in patients with PDR and end-stage chronic renal failure requiring continuous hemodialysis provides (compared to traditional) a higher level of safety and clinical efficacy due to an integrated approach to surgical intervention based on improving the stages of the operation (the maximum possible removal of the basal vitreum, performing peripheral endolaser coagulation, bimanual vitrectomy technique, and a number of others), as well as the developed medical and anesthetic support, which is confirmed (compared to the traditional technique) by a decrease in the incidence of intra and postoperative complications, as well as a more pronounced positive dynamics of BCVA, the state of the fundus and patient’s quality of life.

Health Systems and Their Impact on Improving Health Services: A Simple Review

Introduction: The past decade has witnessed a renaissance of interest in health systems in academic discourse and policy dialogue, specially within the development community. It has been well known that level of health system affects the general health and outcome of the patients. The World Health Organization has described health systems as the totality of the individuals, organizations, and assets positioned together to uphold and enhance the health of the population they serve. Good health services are those which deliver effective, safe, high-quality interventions for both personal and non-personal health are provided when and when they are needed, with the least amount of resource waste. So, improving the health system including improving in all of this items. This study aims to evaluate the impact of health system level and health system development on improving health services.
 Conclusion: In conclusion, health system and health care levels depending on good management, planning, recording and behavior. All the workers should be highly trained and professional and updated to the recent ways in recording data and interacting with equipment and individuals to be able to sustain a developed recording system which makes it easier to get higher levels of safety and satisfactory outcomes with patients. Improving the health system is a continuous necessary needs updating to improve health services in general and patients’ health in particular.

Derivation of harmonised high-level safety requirements for self-driving cars using railway experience

The development and manufacture of self-driving cars (SDCs) have triggered unprecedented challenges among car manufacturers and smart road operators to accelerate awareness and implementation of innovative technologies for cooperative, connected and automated mobility (CCAM), especially those with a high level of automation and safety. Safety improvement is a pre-requisite to justify and unleashing a mass deployment of connected and driverless cars to reach the goal of zero-accident in 2050 set by the European Commission. Behind these motivations a well-justified and widely acceptable high-level safety target for SDCs is mandatory. The aim of this article is to contribute to the derivation of an harmonised high-level safety target for SDCs, starting from the safety requirements and the state of the art achieved by train and airplane operations. The novelty of our approach is to leverage the Common Safety Method-Design Targets (CSM-DT) already adopted and widely accepted by the railway community. According to this approach, the derived, justified and harmonised high-level design safety target for SDCs, defined as the average probability of a dangerous failure PFSDC per 1 h, should be 1 × 10−7/h. An example of PFSDC allocation to individual SDC safety functions, including position determination based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), is described using a fault tree. The proposed methodology can speed up the validation and certification process needed to authorise the SDCs, by capitalising the know-how and best practices in use since many years for the train management.

Highly efficient synthesis of mono-β-1,6-Glucosylated Rebaudioside A derivative catalyzed by glycosyltransferase YjiC

Steviol glycosides have attracted great interest because of their high levels of sweetness and safety, and absence of calories. Improvement of their sensory qualities via glycosylation modification by glycosyltransferase is a research hotspot. In this study, YjiC, a uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferase from Bacillus subtilis 168, was found with the ability to glycosylate rebaudioside A (Reb A) to produce a novel mono β-1, 6-glycosylated Reb A derivative rebaudioside L2 (Reb L2). It has an improved sweetness compared with Reb A. Next, a cascade reaction was established by combining YjiC with sucrose synthase AtSuSy from Arabidopsis thaliana for scale-up preparation of Reb L2. It shows that Reb L2 (30.94 mg/mL) could be efficiently synthesized with an excellent yield of 91.34% within 12 h. Therefore, this study provides a potential approach for the production and application of new steviol glycoside Reb L2, expanding the scope of steviol glycosides.

Laparoscopy versus Laparotomy in the Surgical Management of Ectopic Pregnancy: Integrative Literature Review

Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a common gynecological emergency in resource-limited countries, where laparotomy is the conventional therapy despite the fact that laparoscopic surgery is considered the best option. There is a lack of prospective randomized evidence comparing laparoscopic surgery with laparotomy in the surgical care of women with REP. Objectives: To summarize current evidences comparing laparoscopy versus laparotomy in the surgical management of ectopic pregnancy. Methodology: PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library were utilized to identify the articles. In the current review, all pertinent articles related to both our topic and other articles were used. Other articles not related to the objective of the review were excluded. The research team looked through a standardized format in which the data had been extracted. Results: According to PRSIMA guidelines, our study included 13 published studies that were registered to extract final data from a total of 110 studies found after searching the mentioned databases, which were then used for title screening. Some were excluded from screening of abstracts and others due to different inclusion criteria, after full-text review. These 13 studies were used to compare laparoscopy versus laparotomy in the surgical management of EP, establishing that laparoscopic treatment of EP may be the most beneficial method with the highest level of safety and efficacy. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery is increasingly being used as the method of choice for treating EPs. When compared to laparotomy, laparoscopic treatment for EP raises concerns about safety, viability and results in fewer postoperative adhesions. Laparoscopy is also more practicable and proven to be more efficient in terms of blood loss, requirement for blood transfusion, need for analgesia, and time of postoperative hospital stay.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROCESS OF STAMPING BY ROLLING OF TUBULAR PREPARATIONS USING INDUCTION HEATING

Methods of pressure treatment of metals based on the action of technological load in the conditions of a localized plastic cell. The main purpose of such methods is that the change in shape at any time is performed only on a fraction of the volume of the workpiece and when moving the deformation center covers the entire volume. These are well-studied and widely used in the production of free forging, rotary forging, rolling, etc. A relatively new method of MP - stamping by rolling, is characterized by a number of positive effects: - reduction of deformation force in comparison with traditional methods in 5-30 times; - the possibility of processing metal in the cold state with the same technological effort as in hot processing; - the equipment corresponds to a high level of labor safety; - reducing the size, weight and cost of equipment; - the possibility of implementing various technological operations. Modern mechanical engineering, instrument making and other metalworking industries widely use and manufacture parts with a large ratio of cross-sectional dimensions, the production of which by existing methods of metal forming is either inefficient or impossible. The most technological are the processes of SHO, in which the workpiece has a tubular or annular shape. Such blanks are well amenable to induction heating, which while providing a high frequency electromagnetic field allows them to be heated quickly and efficiently. This can heat a limited amount of workpiece material. Thus, the use of induction heating in the processes of SHO significantly expands their technological capabilities, which determines the relevance of the chosen topic. The main advantages of induction heating include: transmission of electrical energy does not require contact devices, is carried out directly into the workpiece, which increases the heating rate; due to the possibility of controlling the frequency of the current, the maximum power is released in the limited thickness of the surface layer of the product, which is especially effective when heating the pipe blanks; induction heating can increase productivity and improve working conditions.

ВПЛИВ МЕТРОЛОГІЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НА ЯКІСТЬ ПРОДУКЦІЇ І ЗМІНИ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЙНИХ ВИТРАТ У СПОЖИВАЧА І ВИРОБНИКА

The main methodological provisions and recommendations on the impact of metrological support of technical indicators of product quality on changes in operating costs of the consumer and the producer are presented in the article. Revolutionary changes in engineering and technology lead to fully automated production where control over all processes is realized in real time taking into account changing external conditions. Cyber physical systems create virtual copies of the physical world objects, control physical processes and make decentralized decisions. They can be combined into one network, interact in real-time mode, can be self-corrected and self-educated. Experts highlight several basic technologies, implementation of which is expected to result in revolutionary changes. Therefore, today, a metrological toolkit for tracking and verifying the mechanized factory system not only ensures a high level of safety, reliability and its operability, but also creates value in business processes. As a result, it becomes a strategic focus for companies and requires a comprehensive approach. In the process of the life cycle, the factory system of machines can be in a number of conditions: working, faulty, unworking, other marginal states. Organizational and technical metrological systems, which are used in the control and regulation of the factory system of machines, as a rule, require certain material and financial resources. Accordingly, this leads to changes in certain items of economic costs for a product manufacturer as well as its consumer. Therefore, metrological support of equipment, machines and aggregates gains particular importance as well as the process of their restoration. Thus, the task of organizing equipment technical maintenance not only preserves the appropriate level of suitability throughout the whole period of operation, that is acceptable probability of special situations occurrence caused by malfunctions of equipment, machines, aggregates and other complex subsystems, but also the ability to determine the level of error of a particular state of the system of machines. In other words, metrological support is required in the systems of machine functioning management and this changes the philosophy of the approach to recovery, and accordingly, the task of merological service. The quality of the technical condition of modern factory system of machines must be provided, mainly by maintenance methods according to the technical condition. The use of metrological methods requires constant control of the level of suitability of equipment, machines, aggregates and other complex aggregates in operation, as well as early detection of negative trends in their technical condition.

Aerodynamic Design of Cooling Guide for Electrical Machine in Electric Ducted Fan

Abstract Electric ducted fan has newly emerged as the most compact type of propulsion fan for flying cars, because of its flexible configuration arrangement, low noise level and high safety level operation. Typically, an electric ducted fan is composed of a hub-driven fan and a hub-mounted inner rotor electrical machine. The thermal management of the hub-mounted electrical machine is essential because it determines the machine's continuous output power and reliability, as well as the fan thrust force. The heat transmitted from the stator winding to the cooling guide vane (CGV) is dissipated by introducing the air flow at hub region to the CGV. Therefore, in order to better improve the thermal performance of the CGV, an aerodynamic design of CGV is proposed in this paper for better thermal management of stator end-windings. First, for a certain desired power output of electrical machine under temperature constraints of stator winding, lumped thermal network is established to derive the requirement of heat transfer coefficients of the CGV. Then, from engineering feasibility, three different CGVs including straight type, arc-shape type and airfoil-shape type are tested by computational fluid dynamics. The evaluation of the CGV designs include the flow characteristics, power requirements, and thermal characteristics for stator winding cooling purposes. In comparison with the conventionally straight type CGV, improvements are gained from the designed arc-shape type and airfoil-shape type cooling configurations, whereas the fan thrust force remains the same simultaneously. It is verified that the arc-shape type and airfoil-shape type CGVs are promising in enhancing the thermal management performance of the electrical machine stator winding without power requirement.

An energetic nano-fiber composite based on polystyrene and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane fabricated via electrospinning technique

Electrospinning is a simple technique used to fabricate polymeric nano-fibrous membranes. These nano-fibers have found a wide range of valuable applications in the biomedical field. However, it has not been utilized with solid high explosives yet. Herein, the electrospinning technique has been used to fabricate polystyrene (PS)/1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) composite nanofibers. The governed electrospinning parameters, voltage, distance from the collector, flow rate, mandrel rotating speed, time, and solution concentration, that greatly affect the morphology of the obtained nanofibers were optimized. The fabricated PS/RDX nano-fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The impact and friction sensitivities of PS/RDX were also measured. The thermal behavior of the prepared composite and the pure materials were studied by the thermal gravimetric analysis technique (TGA). SEM results proved the fabrication of PS/RDX fibers in the nano-size via electrospinning. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the existence of the characteristic functional groups of both PS and RDX in the composite nano-fibers. XRD sharp peaks showed the conversion of amorphous PS into crystalline shape via electrospinning and also confirmed the formation of PS/RDX composite. The PS fibers absorbed the heat and increased the onset decomposition of the pure RDX from 181.5 to 200.7°C in the case of PS/RDX fibers. Interestingly, PS/RDX nano-fibers showed the relatively low impact and friction sensitivities of 100 J and 360 N respectively. These results could introduce PS/RDX nanofibrous composite in the field of explosives detection with high levels of safety.

Impact of Poria Cocos Nanoparticles Extract Against Ehrlich Solid Tumour Induced Toxicity, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Female Mice Kidney

Introduction: The field of cancer nano therapeutics is quickly evolving, and it is being used to address a number of issues with traditional drug delivery techniques. The goal of this study was to find out more about the impact of novel bioactive Poria-loaded sun flowers nanoparticles (Poria Nps) as anti-carcinogenic agent for Ehrlich solid tumour (EST). Methods: A total number of 40 adult female mice were divided into 4 groups included control group, Poria Nps group, EST group, and EST treated with Poria Nps group. Results: EST induced toxicity, apoptosis and oxidative stress while treatments of EST with Poria Nps improved this alteration in kidney functions and structure. Moreover, Poria Nps could scavenge free radicals producing beneficial effects against EST induced renal toxicity through activation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The constructed novel oral nanoparticles developed have promising features in vivo as well as a high level of safety for efficient cancer treatment. Conclusion: Poria cocos nanoparticles (Poria Nps) kill the cancer cells through apoptosis which thereby regulates the proliferation of cancer cells and inhibits its spread to other organs.

Micropacked‐bed Reactor for Continuous Hydrogenation of Aromatic Dinitro Compounds

AbstractDue to the intricacy aromatic dinitro compound hydrogenation processes, it is difficult to attain high conversion and selectivity using merely modified catalysts in batch reactors. The micropacked‐bed reactor (μPBR) offers efficient heat and mass transfer, a precise and controllable reaction process, and a high level of safety. In this work, the hydrogenation of 2,4‐dinitroanisole was selected as the model reaction, and a variety of catalysts were utilized in the continuous flow system based on μPBR for hydrogenation of 2,4‐dinitroanisole. During 960 minutes of operation, the synthesis of 2,4‐diaminoanisole was carried out using a Pd (OH)2/C catalyst and the optimal process condition, yielding 100 % conversion, 99.5 % selectivity, and the favorable durability. For the hydrogenation of relevant aromatic dinitro compounds, the continuous flow system demonstrates exceptional performance.

Electrochemically Induced Defects Promotional High-Performance Binder-Free MnO@CC Cathodes for Flexible Quasi-Solid-State Zinc-Ion Battery

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted ever-increasing attention because of their features of a cheaper cost, high safety level, and environment protection. Manganese-based oxides stand out among the many cathode material candidates because of their high voltage platform (1.4 V vs Zn2+/Zn). Nevertheless, manganese ion dissolution still is an essential issue in the application of manganese-based cathodes, and the strategy of using manganese ion dissolution to activate electrode materials is rarely achieved. Here, a high-capacity and stable binder-free MnO@CC cathode was prepared by facile electrochemical deposition and carbothermal reduction methods. Based on the MnO@CC cathode and a homemade gel polymer electrolyte, a flexible quasi-solid state ZIB was assembled and exhibited a high reversible capacity, a significant energy output of 345 Wh kg–1, and excellent long-term cycling performance. The ultradispersed and well-crystallized octahedral MnO nanoparticle provides an improved ion transfer interface, and abundant Mn vacancy during the initial charging process provides sufficient inserted channels and available active sites for subsequent ion insertion and storage. In addition, for the as-activated MnO@CC electrode, the reversible coinsertion mechanism (H+ and Zn2+) is also monitored in the aqueous ZIBs. This work may provide insights into manufacturing advanced flexible aqueous ZIBs for wearable electronics via defect engineering.