High Level Of Safety Research Articles

MODELING THE INTERRELATION BETWEEN ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SHIP SAFETY BASED ON MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION

Energy efficiency and ship safety are two important aspects of maritime transportation that are essential for economic efficiency, the environment and maritime safety. Ship safety ensures the protection of crew, cargo and the environment. Energy-efficient technologies in shipping contribute to economic efficiency and lower fuel costs, as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, most importantly, increase ship maneuverability, reducing the likelihood of getting into accidents, while the choice of energy-efficient materials and optimization of the structure and hull increase the ship's resistance to adverse conditions. This article explores the relationship between energy efficiency and ship safety. The main objective of the study is to assess the impact of ship energy efficiency on safety in the context of operation. The study applies a methodology to establish the relationship between independent variables, such as energy efficiency, ship's technical condition and crew training, and the dependent variable, ship's operational safety. The article presents the results of the analysis of the company's fleet data, where energy efficiency and safety indicators evaluate each vessel. Using a multiple linear regression model, the coefficients of influence of each independent variable on ship safety were determined. These regression coefficients allow us to assess the contribution of each factor to the overall safety of the ship and identify the most significant factors. The results of the study indicate a significant impact of ship energy efficiency on operational safety. Vessels with higher energy efficiency indicators have a high level of operational safety. This allows shipowners and ship operators to take measures to improve the energy efficiency of their fleet in order to increase safety and efficiency of operation. The results of this study can be useful for ship owners, ship operators, as well as for representatives of maritime organizations and regulatory authorities involved in shipping safety.

Virtual Laboratory in Physics Education: Penguasaan Konsep Mahasiswa dalam Mata Kuliah Fisika Inti

Virtual Laboratory (V-Lab) is a media platform for interaction and visualization of learning for practicum-based courses. V-Lab is a solution to learning problems due to the lack of real laboratory facilities as well as an alternative for practicums that require a high level of safety. The purpose of this study was to determine students' mastery of concepts after using the V-Lab in the core Physics course. The method used is quasi-experimental. The research subjects were 15 Unuha physics education students. The data collection technique is a concept mastery test. The results showed that the increase in mastery of the concept was 0.432 with moderate criteria, while based on the paired sample test, it was known that the sig. (2-tailed) is 0.000 <0.05, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. So it can be concluded that there is an average difference between pre-test and post-test concept mastery, which means that there is an influence of V-Lab application in increasing mastery of core physics concepts. The data shows that the Virtual Laboratory is effectively used to improve mastery of the concepts of core physics courses.

Natural Ingredients of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems as Permeation Enhancers of Active Substances through the Stratum Corneum.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in transdermal drug delivery systems, but there is still a search for enhancers that can improve the absorption of active substances through the stratum corneum. Although permeation enhancers have been described in the scientific literature, the use of naturally occurring substances in this role is still of particular interest, because they can offer a high level of safety of use, with a low risk of skin irritation, and high efficiency. In addition, these ingredients are biodegradable, easily available, and widely accepted by consumers due to the growing trust in natural compounds. This article provides information on the role of naturally derived compounds in transdermal drug delivery systems that help them penetrate the skin. The work focuses on the components found in the stratum corneum such as sterols, ceramides, oleic acid, and urea. Penetration enhancers found in nature, mainly in plants, such as terpenes, polysaccharides, and fatty acids have also been described. The mechanism of action of permeation enhancers in the stratum corneum is discussed, and information on the methods of assessing their penetration efficiency is provided. Our review mainly covers original papers from 2017 to 2022, supplemented with review papers, and then older publications used to supplement or verify the data. The use of natural penetration enhancers has been shown to increase the transport of active ingredients through the stratum corneum and can compete with synthetic counterparts.

Clinical applications of minimally invasive uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery.

In recent years, the field of minimally invasive thoracic surgery has experienced significant advancements driven by improvements in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) techniques and surgical instruments. These advances have given rise to uniportal VATS as a new area of exploration in minimally invasive thoracic surgery. This technique presents several potential advantages, including reduced access trauma, less postoperative pain, improved cosmesis, fewer complications, shorter hospital stays, and faster rehabilitation, ultimately leading to an improvement in patient quality of life. This article reviews the evolutionary history of minimally invasive thoracic surgery, highlights novel techniques, explores possible applications and obtained results, and discusses future prospects of uniportal VATS. Experienced thoracic surgeons have demonstrated the capacity to perform uniportal VATS with a high level of safety and efficacy. Further studies are necessary to assess its long-term efficacy, address limitations, and enhance clinical decision-making for optimal treatment of thoracic conditions.

Анализ безопасности плавучего энергоблока при столкновениях

The article considers a possible navigational accident associated with the ramming of a modernized floating power unit (MFPU) by another ship. The authors suggest an approach to determine the consequences of a collision using the finite element method. The finite element model has been developed for modeling the destruction of ship hull structures, to determine the energy intensity of ship hull structures during ramming, and to calculate the critical velocity of ramming ships. The study results provide the following conclusions: 1) the use of the finite element method in the analysis of collisions of nuclear ships helps removing excessive conservatism characteristic of engineering approaches that underestimate the energy intensity of structural elements during destruction. 2) when determining the volume of destruction of the hull structures of colliding ships and the critical velocity of ramming ships, it is necessary to use the model of the deformable bow of a ramming ship. 3) ramming the floating power unit by an icebreaker does not lead to radiation consequences at icebreaker velocity of less than 18 knots. The ramming of an unfastened floating power unit with a similar one caused by extreme natural impacts during its mooring does not lead to radiation consequences, since the critical velocity of the floating power unit of 10.4 knots cannot be achieved. Thus, it is shown that the modernized floating power unit has a high level of safety in case of navigation accidents associated with collisions.

Low‐Cost, Safe, and Ultra‐Long Cycle Life Zn–K Hybrid Ion Batteries

AbstractZinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are viewed as a promising energy storage system for large‐scale applications thanks to the low cost and wide accessibility of Zn‐based materials, the high theoretical capacity of Zn anode, and their high level of safety. However, the practical application of ZIBs is hindered by the rapid performance degradation. Herein, a Zn–K hybrid ion battery design is proposed using a high‐quality Prussian blue cathode and a nonflammable Zn–K hybrid ion electrolyte. The electrochemical process is divided into two parts, with K+ insertion/extraction occurring at the cathode side and Zn2+ plating/stripping occurring at the anode side, which avoids structure destruction caused by Zn2+ insertion in the cathode. The non‐flammable electrolyte not only ensures high safety but also effectively suppresses dendrite growth on the Zn anode. The hybrid cells demonstrate a high capacity of 151.0 mAh g−1, a high voltage of 1.74 V (vs Zn2+/Zn), and an ultra‐long cycle life of 15 000 cycles. Combining the nonflammable nature of the electrolyte, the abundance of raw materials, and good electrochemical performance, the Zn–K hybrid ion battery system promises a promising future for renewable energy storage applications.

Radioactive Fission Waste of The Conversion of High-Enriched Uranium to Low-Enriched Uranium Target on 99Mo Production

In the past, 99mTc produced by PT. Industri Nuklir Indonesia (PT. INUKI) was carried out through the processing of a 99Mo parent radioisotope that was produced using high enriched uranium target. Due to restrictions on the use of high-enriched uranium (HEU) by the International Atomic Energy Agency, PT. INUKI has converted the process using a low enriched uranium (LEU) target. This study aims to determine the change of radioactive fission waste characteristics in 99Mo production due to the conversion process. The characteristics of radioactive fission waste generated from low-enriched uranium targets were calculated using ORIGEN 2.1 program. The results show that the radioactive fission waste contains radionuclides of activation products, actinides, and fission products. The conversion produced smaller activity of 99Mo compared to that of using the HEU target, which was 397 compared to 1010 Ci. The conversion generated radioactive fission waste with a smaller content of remaining 235U but greater content of actinides, particularly 239Pu. The activity of 239Pu in the radioactive fission waste from LEU was 29.1 μCi, approximately 19 times higher compared to that of using HEU, which was 1.52 μCi. After 50 years of decay, this radioactive fission waste was calculated to have a specific activity of 6.54x108 Bq/g, lower than that of the highly enriched uranium target, which was 3.01x109 Bq/g. This radioactive fission waste requires management with a high safety level.

Is refractive enhancement a safer option for post laser in situ keratomileusis and small incision lenticule extraction regression - How far we have come?

Is refractive enhancement a safer option for post laser in situ keratomileusis and small incision lenticule extraction regression - How far we have come?

Safety Profile of Molnupiravir with Significant Effect on COVID-19: A Review

Background: As the COVID era unfolds, researchers reveal that rapid changes in viral genetic material allow viruses to circumvent challenges triggered by the host immune system and resist anti-viral drugs, potentially leading to persistent viral manifestations in host cells. Molnupiravir (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor) is a novel anti-viral medicine promising a vital role in coming setbacks. Objectives:: This review aims to clarify the safety and efficacy of the molnupiravir molecule in light of existing case studies. As a result, it is intended to explore and discuss the molecular structure, mechanism of action, discovery and development process, preclinical research, clinical investigations, and other subtopics. Methods: A total of 75 publications were searched using multiple engines, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and others, with a constraint applied to exclude publications published over 11 years ago. Molnupiravir, safety, efficacy, COVID- 19, RdRp, PK-PD, and clinical study were utilized as keywords. Result: Clinical results on molnupiravir are supported by investigations that were recently disclosed in a study on both sex volunteers (male and female) with an age restriction of 19 to 60 years, followed by a Phase-3 Clinical Trial (NCT04575584) with 775 randomly assigned participants and no fatalities reported due to treatment. Conclusion: Molnupiravir proved a high level of safety, allowing it to be tested further. This review supports the safety and efficacy of this molecule based on the established evidence, which claims the most anticipated employment of molnupiravir in COVID protocol.

Sensing and Machine Learning for Automotive Perception: A Review

Automotive perception involves understanding the external driving environment as well as the internal state of the vehicle cabin and occupants using sensor data. It is critical to achieving high levels of safety and autonomy in driving. This paper provides an overview of different sensor modalities like cameras, radars, and LiDARs used commonly for perception, along with the associated data processing techniques. Critical aspects in perception are considered, like architectures for processing data from single or multiple sensor modalities, sensor data processing algorithms and the role of machine learning techniques, methodologies for validating the performance of perception systems, and safety. The technical challenges for each aspect are analyzed, emphasizing machine learning approaches given their potential impact on improving perception. Finally, future research opportunities in automotive perception for their wider deployment are outlined.

Can We Get an Intervention, Please? The Utility of Teaming Interventions on Engineering Design Student Psychological Safety

Abstract Research on psychological safety has been growing in recent years due to its role in promoting creativity and innovation since teams with high levels of psychological safety feel safe to express ideas and opinions. However, there is limited evidence in how to facilitate or build it within teams, particularly in an educational context. This paper was developed to respond to this research void by identifying the impact of teaming interventions aimed at improving psychological safety in engineering design student teams. Specifically, we studied two cohorts of students in a cornerstone design class (N = 411 students), one who received a series of video interventions and introduced role playing (intervention) and one who did not (control). These role assignments—referred to as the lenses of psychologically safety—were created to promote key leadership attributes that have been shown to be crucial in facilitating psychologically safe teams. To compare the utility of the intervention, psychological safety was gathered at five key time points of a multi-week design project. The results identified three key findings. First, the interventions were successful in increasing psychological safety in engineering teams. In addition, the results indicated the utility of the lenses of psychological safety throughout the design process. Finally, the results identified that groups who used these lenses had higher perceptions of psychological safety in their teams. Overall, these results indicated that psychological safety can be improved in engineering education through the intervention methods described within.

The effect of gamma-poly glutamic acid as a cryoprotectant on crayfish physicochemical and texture properties during frozen storage

Because of the potential health risks associated with current cryoprotectants, there is a need for cryoprotectants with a high level of safety. The feasibility of two gamma-polyglutamic acid concentrations (2 and 4%) as cryoprotectants compared to a conventional cryoprotectant mixture of 4% sucrose + 4% sorbitol (S–S) on the quality of cooked crayfish during a 2-month storage period at −20 °C was investigated in this study. Microstructural imaging demonstrated that γ-PGA treatments restrict the formation of ice crystals in muscle fibers, thereby slowing the progression of crayfish muscle fiber damage during storage. When treated with 2% and 4% γ-PGA, the total sulfhydryl and carbonyl contents were 4.45 and 5.14 mol/105 g protein and 3.68 and 3.17 nmol/mg protein, respectively, compared to the control sample, which had 3.94 mol/105 g protein and 4.04 nmol/mg protein at the end of storage. Furthermore, samples treated with 2 and 4% γ-PGA increased their water-holding capacity from 61.54 to 65.14 and 71.64%, respectively, compared to the control sample. This demonstrates the potency and efficiency of the 4% γ-PGA concentration. Our study could provide useful guidelines for using γ-PGA as an effective cryoprotectant rather than sucrose-sorbitol mixtures in frozen crayfish preservation and related products.

Philosophy and Meanings of the Information Entropy Analysis of Road Safety: Case Study of Russian Cities

This article is devoted to the study of the entropic orderliness of road safety systems of various dimensionalities. The author’s methodology for quantitative assessment of the quality of the road safety systems is based on the use of information entropy analysis, the essence of which is to assess the significance (or “weights”) of various information-technological stages of the road traffic accident rate formation process. The main emphasis in this paper is on the philosophical interpretation of the results of entropic evaluation of the orderliness of urban road safety systems. The article aimed to philosophically understand the reasons for the diversity in the results of assessing the entropy of road safety (RS) in Russian cities. Within the framework of this goal, the results of the analysis of the state of the issue, ideological approaches and methods for assessing the relative entropy of urban road safety systems were presented. The study was based on analyzing statistics that characterize the processes of the formation of road traffic accidents in Russian cities classified into three groups based on population size. The experimental results obtained were explained from the point of view of human psychology. Rather, results were explained from the perspective of human psychology. The final results of the study once again illustrated the objectivity of Hegel’s dialectical laws and, perhaps, once again shattered illusions about the possibility of achieving high levels of road safety in cities by building rigid systems to regulate the actions of traffic participants. In the author’s opinion, the results of the presented philosophical analysis will be useful to managers specializing in the management of complex systems (not only transport but also other fields) to comprehend the contradictions of the complex nature of humans and the paradoxes of their behavior when their freedom of action is restricted through external control.

Comparative Laboratory Study of the Geochemical Reactivity of the Marcellus Shale: Rock–Fluid Interaction of Drilled Core Samples vs. Outcrop Specimens

The Marcellus shale is an unconventional reservoir of significant economic potential with Total Organic Carbon (TOC) ranging from 1 to 20%. Hydraulic fracturing is used to extract the shale’s resources, which requires large amounts of water and can result in mineral-rich flowback waters containing hazardous contaminants. This study focuses on a geochemical analysis of the flowback waters and an evaluation of the potential environmental impacts on water and soil quality. Drilled core samples from different depths were treated with lab-prepared hydraulic fracturing fluids. Rock samples were analyzed using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), while effluents’ chemical compositions were obtained using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). A comparison of results from drilled core samples treated with additives for hydraulic fracturing to those treated with deionized (DI) water confirms that, as expected, the major elements present in the effluent were Ca, Ba, and Cl in concentrations greater than 100 µg/L. The most concerning elements in the effluent samples include As, Ca, Cd, Pb, Se, S, K, Na, B, Mo, and Mn, with Cd and Cr values averaging 380 and 320 µg/L, respectively, which are above safe limits. Se concentrations and high levels of Ca pose major safety and scaling concerns, respectively. We also compared Marcellus shale drilled core samples’ geochemical reactivity to samples collected from an outcrop.

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) G Glycoprotein Can Be Modified to Create a Her2/Neu-Targeted VSV That Eliminates Large Implanted Mammary Tumors.

Viral oncolytic immunotherapy is a nascent field that is developing tools to direct the immune system to find and eliminate cancer cells. Safety is improved by using cancer-targeted viruses that infect or grow poorly on normal cells. The recent discovery of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor as the major vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) binding site allowed for the creation of a Her2/neu-targeted replicating recombinant VSV (rrVSV-G) by eliminating the LDL receptor binding site in the VSV-G glycoprotein (gp) and adding a sequence coding for a single chain antibody (SCA) to the Her2/neu receptor. The virus was adapted by serial passage on Her2/neu-expressing cancer cells resulting in a virus that yielded a 15- to 25-fold higher titer following in vitro infection of Her2/neu+-expressing cell lines than that of Her2/neu-negative cells (~1 × 108/mL versus 4 × 106 to 8 × 106/mL). An essential mutation resulting in a higher titer virus was a threonine-to-arginine change that produced an N-glycosylation site in the SCA. Infection of Her2/neu+ subcutaneous tumors yielded >10-fold more virus on days 1 and 2 than Her2/neu- tumors, and virus production continued for 5 days in Her2/neu+ tumors compared with 3 days that of 3 days in Her2/neu- tumors. rrVSV-G cured 70% of large 5-day peritoneal tumors compared with a 10% cure by a previously targeted rrVSV with a modified Sindbis gp. rrVSV-G also cured 33% of very large 7-day tumors. rrVSV-G is a new targeted oncolytic virus that has potent antitumor capabilities and allows for heterologous combination with other targeted oncolytic viruses. IMPORTANCE A new form of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was created that specifically targets and destroys cancer cells that express the Her2/neu receptor. This receptor is commonly found in human breast cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis. In laboratory tests using mouse models, the virus was highly effective at eliminating implanted tumors and creating a strong immune response against cancer. VSV has many advantages as a cancer treatment, including high levels of safety and efficacy and the ability to be combined with other oncolytic viruses to enhance treatment results or to create an effective cancer vaccine. This new virus can also be easily modified to target other cancer cell surface molecules and to add immune-modifying genes. Overall, this new VSV is a promising candidate for further development as an immune-based cancer therapy.

Phase I-II study using DeltaRex-G, a tumor-targeted retrovector encoding a cyclin G1 inhibitor for metastatic carcinoma of breast.

Background: Metastatic breast cancer is associated with a poor prognosis and therefore, innovative therapies are urgently needed. Here, we report on the results of a Phase I-II study using DeltaRex-G for chemotherapy resistant metastatic carcinoma of breast. Patients and Methods: Endpoints: Dose limiting toxicity; Antitumor activity. Eligibility: ≥18years of age, pathologic diagnosis of breast carcinoma, adequate hematologic and organ function. Treatment: Dose escalation of DeltaRex-G 1-4 x 1011cfu intravenously thrice weekly x 4 weeks with 2-week rest period. Treatment cycles repeated if there is ≤ Grade 1 toxicity until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Safety: NCI CTCAE v3 for adverse events reporting, vector related testing. Efficacy: RECIST v1.0, International PET criteria and Choi criteria for response, progression free and overall survival. Results: Twenty patients received escalating doses of DeltaRex-G from 1 × 1011cfu to 4 × 1011cfu thrice weekly for 4weeks with a 2-week rest period. Safety: ≥ Grade 3 treatment-related adverse event: pruritic rash (n = 1), no dose limiting toxicity, no replication-competent retrovirus, nor vector-neutralizing antibodies detected. No vector DNA integration was observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes evaluated. Efficacy: by RECIST v1.0: 13 stable disease, 4 progressive disease; tumor control rate 76%; by PET and Choi Criteria: 3 partial responses, 11 stable disease, 3 progressive disease; tumor control rate 82%. Combined median progression free survival by RECIST v1.0, 3.0months; combined median overall survival, 20months; 1-year overall survival rate 83% for Dose Level IV. Biopsy of residual tumor in a participant showed abundant CD8+ killer T-cells and CD45+ macrophages suggesting an innate immune response. Two patients with pure bone metastases had >12-month progression free survival and overall survival and are alive 12years from the start of DeltaRex-G therapy. These patients further received DeltaRex-G + DeltaVax for 6months. Conclusion: Taken together, these data indicate that 1) DeltaRex-G has a distinctively high level of safety and exhibits anti-cancer activity, 2) PET/Choi provide a higher level of sensitivity in detecting early signs of tumor response to DeltaRex-G, 3) DeltaRex-G induced 12- year survival in 2 patients with pure bone metastases who subsequently received DeltaVax immunotherapy, and 4) DeltaRex-G may prove to be a biochemical and/or immune modulator when combined with other cancer therapy/immunotherapy.

Dimethyl sulfoxide favors the emetic efficacy of lycorine in beagle dogs – a novel strategy for the treatment of poisoning

Poisoning in small animals represents an ongoing hazard and therapeutic problem in veterinary medicine. Therapeutic induction of emesis in time enables a fast elimination of a toxic compound resulting in a shortened course of poisoning and a higher safety level thereafter, which decisively improves prognosis and treatment. Lycorine is a reliable emetic drug in beagle dogs without serious side effects thought to be more beneficial in tolerability and efficacy than the rarely used apomorphine. Therefore, this study investigates efficacy and tolerability of differently composed potential drug formulations of lycorine hydrochloride for s.c. administration in dogs as an emetic principle.By emesis response analysis four dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-based active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) formulations were favored. Two of them (F5 and F6) qualified for further drug development. Both formulations ensure a safe pharmacologically induced emesis within about 30 min after injection, suitable for use as an in time decontaminant in acute poisoning of dogs. DMSO-based formulations were well tolerated and offer a novel promising strategy for treatment of poisoning.

Оптимальный менеджмент коморбидных пациентов со спондилоартритами: фокус на сердечно-сосудистую безопасность

Comorbidity and multimobidity are typical for rheumatic diseases (RD) in general. Comorbidities have a complex negative impact on the patient with RD: they are often a direct cause of the premature death of patients, they may contribute to the severe course of the inflammatory process, comorbidities reduce choice of treatment options. Spondyloarthritis, such as psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), is also characterized by the frequent presence of comorbid conditions, in particular, cardiovascular diseases. Pleiotropic effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 17A (IL-17A) promote these processes. IL-17A is a versatile pro-inflammatory T cell cytokine. At the same time, there is evidence that IL-17 involved in many other pathological processes: bone tissue remodeling, the development of endothelial dysfunction, formation of the unstable atherosclerotic plaques, heart ventricle remodeling after ischemic attack, etc. Clinical data confirm the role of hyperproduction of IL-17A in the development of cardiovascular diseases. On the example of Secukinumab IL-17A inhibition in PsA and axSpA, it has been shown that this treatment is associated with a high level of cardiovascular safety, and it is likely may help reduce cardiovascular risk. Therapy with IL-17A inhibitors, in particular, Secukinumab, in combination with generally accepted methods of correction of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, may be a promising direction in the management of patients with SpA and concomitant cardiovascular diseases

Improve generalization of driving policy at signalized intersections with adversarial learning

Intersections are quite challenging among various driving scenes wherein the interaction of signal lights and distinct traffic actors poses great difficulty to learn a wise and robust driving policy. Current research rarely considers the diversity of intersections and stochastic behaviors of traffic participants. For practical applications, the randomness usually leads to some devastating events, which should be the focus of autonomous driving. This paper introduces an adversarial learning paradigm to boost the intelligence and robustness of driving policy for signalized intersections with dense traffic flow. Firstly, we design a static path planner which is capable of generating trackable candidate paths for multiple intersections with diversified topology. Next, a constrained optimal control problem (COCP) is built based on these candidate paths wherein the bounded uncertainty of dynamic models is considered to capture the randomness of driving environment. We propose adversarial policy gradient (APG) to solve the COCP wherein the adversarial policy is introduced to provide disturbances by seeking the most severe uncertainty while the driving policy learns to handle this situation by competition. Finally, a comprehensive system is established to conduct training and testing wherein the perception module is introduced and the human experience is incorporated to solve the yellow light dilemma. Simulation results indicate that the trained policy can handle the signal lights flexibly meanwhile realizing smooth and efficient passing with a humanoid paradigm. Besides, APG enables a large-margin improvement of the resistance to the abnormal behaviors and thus ensures a high safety level for the autonomous vehicle.

Recent Progress and Regulation Strategies of Layered Materials as Cathode of Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have shown great potential in the fields of wearable devices, consumer electronics, and electric vehicles due to their high level of safety, low cost, and multiple electron transfer. The layered cathode materials of ZIBs hold a stable structure during charge and discharge reactions owing to the ultrafast and straightforward (de)intercalation‐type storage mechanism of Zn2+ ions in their tunable interlayer spacing and their abilities to accommodate other guest ions or molecules. Nevertheless, the challenges of inadequate energy density, dissolution of active materials, uncontrollable byproducts, increased internal pressure, and a large de‐solvation penalty have been deemed an obstacle to the development of ZIBs. In this review, recent strategies on the structure regulation of layered materials for aqueous zinc‐ion energy storage devices are systematically summarized. Finally, critical science challenges and future outlooks are proposed to guide and promote the development of advanced cathode materials for ZIBs.