High Level Of Quality Research Articles

The method of assessing the efficiency of tunneling management in trunk networks

The article deals with the method of evaluating the effectiveness of tunneling management in trunk networks with a focus on improving efficiency and optimizing data transmission. The relevance of creating a tunneling management technique in the context of growing traffic volumes and expanding the functionality of IP/MPLS networks is substantiated. It is noted that traditional control methods may be ineffective in the given environment, and the use of specialized models of network construction is a key factor for optimal use of tunnel resources. The main requirements for the trunk network technology are high bandwidth, speed of information transfer and scalability. The current state of the market and the needs of users require access to integrated network services, and the organization of virtual private networks, the provision of intelligent services. The growing demand for additional services implemented on top of simple IP access requires the development of backbone network architectures with virtually unlimited scaling capabilities, increased traffic processing speed, and unprecedented flexibility in terms of the organization of additional services. The MPLS technology allows for network integration, due to which service providers will not only be able to save the means invested in asynchronous transmission equipment, but also get additional benefits from the compatible use of protocols. It is proposed to use a specialized model to determine and optimize tunnel resources aimed at maintaining a high level of service quality. It is shown that with an increase in the load with an unchanged number of nodes, the time the packet stays in the tunnel increases, since the load served by each node increases, and therefore the total time the packet stays in the tunnel.

Використання засобів public relations у сучасних умовах

Interaction with the public opens up the opportunity for companies to analyze the attitude of society to various problems, novel values and ways of life. It also allows us to respond to changes in influential centers, such as voters, legislatures, and other aspects of the environment. The main task of public relations (PR) is to form a positive perception of the object of PR among public opinion both in society as a whole and in specific groups, such as partners, consumers, employees of the organization, etc. A study by the method of expert assessments plus an additional interview is conducted. 19 people took part in the study, among the respondents were both those who have been using the services of the researched enterprise («CentrVet») for a long time, and those who applied to it for the first time. When determining the overall impression that creates the image of a veterinary clinic among the target audience, such aspects as the organization of work at a high level and high quality of service were noted. Particular attention of the participants was paid to such a factor as the capability of the clinic staff to work with clients – to explain the nature of the disease, specific methods of treatment, etc. The specifics of the interaction between the clinic’s doctors hae been also positively assessed. According to the findings of the study, doctors have no doubts about consulting each other and are always ready to help. The study shows that the opening hours of the clinic do not suit all respondents, but this is not a very important factor. Dissatisfaction with the waiting room is especially noted. According to the respondents, it is advisable to divide it into at least two groups: for cat owners and for dog owners. However, it should be noted that the reception is carried out by appointment, so there is no large accumulation of animals in the lobby. The participants of the interview noted that the internal documents have an attractive and convenient design, although the logo of the organization on the internal documents of «CentrVet» can be changed to color. The opinions expressed by the participants of the study point to the need to expand the printed materials of the «CentrVet» clinic, and not just the use of business cards. The findings of the study confirmed the need to expand the advertising activities of the «CentrVet» clinic, as many clients noted the lack of advertising materials about it. Participants expressed their desire to see information about the clinic in free booklets and memos, which are laid out in mailboxes to get more information about its services and work schedule. Respondents highly appreciated the official website of the «CentrVet» clinic, considering it likable, convenient and informative. Overall, while some aspects of the clinic’s promotional activities could be improved, the official website has already been recognized for its usefulness and customer friendliness. During the study, it was found that in general, the image of the veterinary clinic «CentrVet» is evaluated by representatives of the target audience as positive, and the image of the organization and the quality of its employees satisfy customers. However, certain shortcomings were identified, mainly related to the lack of informing the audience about the existence of the clinic and its services, as well as to the limited range of advertising and information products used to promote the organization. The public relations campaign plan provided by us to maintain the image of the veterinary clinic «CentrVet» is aimed at attracting attention and forming a positive image of the clinic among the target audience. Work on improving the quality and accessibility of the clinic’s services, expanding the range of advertising and information products, cooperation with the media and active promotion of the website - all these areas are aimed at raising awareness and attracting the attention of customers. This campaign plan is comprehensive, and we are confident that if implemented correctly, it will contribute to the successful development and strengthening of the position of the «CentrVet» clinic in the veterinary services market.

Чинники впливу на соціально-економічний розвиток регіонів (територій) України в умовах загроз і подолання наслідків військової агресії

The European choice of Ukraine’s development has a direct impact on the formation of its regional policy, which is based on the implementation of democratic principles, positive experience of the EU countries, mutual convergence of legislative provisions, contributes to the rapid adaptation of the country’s regions to European rules in integration into the European Union. Understanding the impact of internal and external factors on the socioeconomic development of regions (territories, communities, cities, etc.) directly affects the efficiency of the entire public administration system at all levels, the organization and interaction of territorial authorities, the business environment, the public in order to create a safe living space, the ability to fulfill the assigned powers and responsibilities, to ensure a high level of quality of life for citizens, sustainable development of the country and its territory, etc. It is relevant in modern conditions to search for efficient theoretical and methodological approaches and recommendations for the analysis, identification and generalization of various factors influencing regional development for the purpose of their further use in the system of public administration at various levels, in particular in the context of overcoming the consequences of military aggression in the post-war period in Ukraine. The objectives of the article are aimed at analyzing the internal and external factors influencing the socioeconomic development of the regions of Ukraine; generalization and grouping of such factors, taking into account their importance, direct positive and negative impact on the functioning of any territory, ensuring a safe living environment, etc. The used example of the Kharkiv region, which, due to its border location with the russian federation, constantly remains in the zone of negative influence from the proximity to the territory of hostilities and their consequences, proves the relevance of the study of the influence of external and internal factors on socioeconomic regional development from the standpoint of taking into account individual territorial characteristics, which makes it expedient to use the results obtained in the process of further developments of scientific and practical materials on the reconstruction of the country and its regions.

The concept of determining the residual life of vehicle assemblies and components

Determining the residual life of vehicle assemblies and components is necessary to solve current problems of automobile transport: transition to maintenance (MOT) based on technical condition, development of a built-in diagnostic system, remote monitoring of the technical condition of vehicles. The improved design and high level of quality of modern cars would allow maintenance to be carried out more frequently than required by regulations. However, in order to make a decision on increasing the frequency, it is necessary to assess the actual technical condition of units and components and predict their residual life. Work is underway in the domestic automotive industry and abroad to create unmanned vehicles. In the absence of a driver, technical condition monitoring can only be performed using the built-in diagnostic system. The system must warn about the approaching limit state and take appropriate measures to prevent an emergency. The embedded system should be based on determining the current technical condition and estimating the remaining life using diagnostic parameters. One of the important tasks when assessing the technical condition and determining the residual life is to establish the relationship between structural and diagnostic parameters.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Financial Reports According to Sustainability Criteria

The research aims to identify the impact of the reflection of the Corona pandemic according to sustainability standards on financial reports, and the research has reached a high impact of the Corona crisis according to sustainability standards from the viewpoint of the study sample, the high level of quality of financial reports from the point of view of the study sample, and the existence of an inverse relationship between the level The impact of the Corona crisis according to sustainability standards and the level of financial reporting, and this relationship is significant at the level of 0.01, the higher the level of the Corona crisis impact according to the sustainability criteria, the lower the quality level of financial reports.

A systematic review on factors influencing Middle Eastern women's utilization of healthcare services: The promise of mHealth.

The 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda stresses a feminist approach for healthcare services. Cultural and religious influences impact utilization of healthcare services by Muslim women within the Middle East, posing unique challenges. This paper aimed to investigate the factors influencing Middle Eastern women's utilization of healthcare services within the region. In the year 2024, a systematic review was conducted. PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for this purpose. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, Significance (ACODS) checklist. Subsequently, the Joffe method of thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data obtained from the review. A final selection comprising 59 studies was made for inclusion in the research. The studies demonstrated a high level of quality, and the risk of bias within them was deemed acceptable. The thematic analysis revealed seven principal themes, which encompassed Demographic Factors, Level of Education and Awareness, Sources of Information, Risk Factors, Personal Factors, Level of Service Access and Quality, and Organizational Factors. This study highlighted key factors influencing women's utilization of healthcare in the Middle East and potentially the healthcare systems with a large number of Middle Eastern female immigrants around the globe: educational factors such as awareness campaigns and patient education, and personal barriers like fear and cultural norms. Moreover, Telehealth, particularly mHealth, was suggested to enhance women's participation and utilization of healthcare services. Further research is needed to explore this assertion with greater precision.

The Nature Of Modern Technologies Used In Arabic Television Programs Broadcasted In 2023

The Arabic television programs strive to keep pace with global development by employing cutting-edge technologies in television production to reach a high level of quality that matches international standards and attracts a larger audience. This study aimed to understand the nature of modern technologies used in television programs aired during the Ramadan season from 22-03 to 30-04 of Ramadan in the year 2023. This study is classified as descriptive-analytical research, which relied on the content analysis tool, where it was applied to five programs. The researcher employed a comprehensive inclusive approach, which involves collecting data and information from all elements of the study sample using suitable methods, and hence the study sample is comprehensive for its community. The researcher also relied on the interview tool with a sample of satellite channel technicians in Jordan to enrich the study. The study found that the majority of the television programs study sample used various TV technologies, such as sound effects, visual effects, virtual studios, graphics, as well as modern cameras with HD and 4K technology. The study demonstrated a blend of media formats presented in the programs, ranging from live discussions in the studio to internal, external, and field-based dialogue sessions. Additionally, it highlighted the professional editing work employed in these programs.

A self-regulatory adapting mechanism to changing work setting: Roles of playful work design and ambidexterity

In today's uncertain business setting, the intensity of rivalry amongst service firms requires a high level of quality and adaptability from service staff to fulfill increasing customer needs and wants. Indeed, every individual's ability to adjust to changing demands is vital for management to promote within their companies. The present study proposes and tests a novel self-regulatory adapting mechanism to examine the conditions within which service staff might activate their ambidextrous behavior which can be beneficial for their proactive service performance. Based on Trait Activation theory (TAT), Individual Adaptability Theory, and Job demands-resources theory, we analyze the direct and mediating effects of certain personal characteristics (Proactive Personality) and initiatives (Playful work design and Uncertainty adaptability) to activate the ambidextrous mode of employees toward higher proactive service performance. To test our hypotheses, we collected survey data from 368 frontline banking employees in all three regions of Vietnam. Practically, the results and recommendations from this study will assist in the hands-on management and motivation of service representatives toward better proactive performance.

МЕСТО ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА В СИСТЕМЕ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИОННЫХ «СДРУЖЕНИЙ» РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

Modernization of the regional economy as a phenomenon is a complex process of progressive economic, environmental, political, and social changes that occur in the context of the fourth industrial revolution, their goal is the transition to a highly developed, sustainable society with a high level of quality of life. Human capital, its growth and a radically new role are also associated with the processes of modernization of society. The doctrine that underlies modernization indicates that this process is directly due to the accumulated human capital. The integration and development of technologies, which are a necessary component of modernization shifts, require the transformation of knowledge and new competencies of the employee. The Agenda of the future emphasizes the importance of human interaction in the postmodern economy through functions in the field of marketing and sales, creating and filling information content, working with different types of personalities and with different skill levels. The consequence of modernization changes is the formation of a new quality of human capital.

An Exploratory Study on the Impact on Marketing Techniques and other factors in the growth of the Indian automotive industry

The Indian automobile industry has traversed a huge space since India attained independence. Since 1991 there has been a tremendous change with respect to foreign direct investment in this industry. The result of this is that the industry has become competitive for domestic demand with respect to high level of quality at affordable price. This has resulted in increase in exports as well as the industry becoming an integral part of the global value chain.

Данилов В. ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИСВІТЛЕННЯ ПАЛЕСТИНО-ІЗРАЇЛЬСЬКОГО КОНФЛІКТУ У СВІТОВИХ ЗМІ

The article attempts to identify the peculiarities of the coverage of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict in the world media. The research was based on publications from the websites of three media outlets - «The Washington Post», «The Guardian» and «Al Jazeera». The author talks about the difficulties that journalists may face when covering armed conflicts. Firstly, it is the threats to the physical and mental health of the journalist. Secondly, it is the difficulty of abstracting from one's own preferences in the conflict. Thirdly, it is difficulty in determining the status of the parties to the conflict. The author notes that in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict there are difficulties in determining the status of Hamas, since not all countries in the world consider the group to be terrorists. The article examines the views on the conflict of two high-quality private newspapers - «The Washington Post» and «The Guardian». The intrigue of the position of quality publications is that they are located in the United States and Europe, i.e., they should hypothetically support Israel against the collective Arab world. In fact, both media outlets have maintained a high level of quality and have covered the conflict in a balanced manner. Moreover, the newspapers' coverage is somewhat critical of the Jewish state. While «The Washington Post's» criticism is more of a guess, the Guardian's journalists express it quite frankly and emotionally. When expressing its attitude, an American newspaper must take into account the views of the powerful Jewish diaspora in the United States. As for the Guardian, the newspaper criticizes Israel from the liberal anti-war position of the British and European elite. The state-owned Qatari television company Al Jazeera has long been criticized for its bias and rather open communication with individuals whose activities are considered terrorist by some parts of the world. The intrigue with the Qatari media's coverage of the conflict is whether they will at least try to pretend to be objective to a global audience. In practice, the Arab media's website is falling into outright anti-Israeli and anti-American propaganda. It uses a selection of «correct» sources of information, mockery and manipulation of facts. The author of the article assumes that media workers are well aware of their target audience, which is quite effectively influenced by such publications.

Shared Leadership and Employee Satisfaction in China: A Multiple Correspondence Analysis of Gender and Education Aspects of Participative Leadership Models

The relevance of researching on modern management approaches is today´s dynamic labor market’s demand for flexible leadership models, such as shared leadership, to attract talents in companies by meeting employee´s requirements of more participation in management tasks. This paper aims for the investigation of gender and education level related influences on attitudes toward shared leadership and employee satisfaction in a Chinese cultural context for a better understanding of possible limitations of shared leadership. Shared leadership is mainly explored with a focus on its origins in North America, the study of shared leadership in the Chinese culture is underrepresented. This quantitative research is conducted through an online survey, distributed by WeChat, involving 103 Chinese employees, with 39 women and 64 men, 34 years old on average, in a manufacturing work environment to approve the industry relevance. The convenience sampling ensures a high level of trust and data quality of the respondents regarding sensitive information about employee satisfaction and attitude toward shared leadership. Only existing, validated questionnaires were used. The survey regarding employee satisfaction is based on Spector (1985). The survey regarding attitude toward shared leadership is based on Small (2007). The results are evaluated by their means, standard deviations, correlation analysis and multiple correspondence analysis. Statistical analysis is performed by XLSTAT. The first hypothesis (H1), suggesting a clustering effect by gender and education level on shared leadership’s scope, is not significantly confirmed by the correlation analysis. The multiple correspondence analysis raises suspicions about men exhibiting higher employee satisfaction and a more negative attitude toward shared leadership than women. Individuals with a bachelor’s degree tend to display ambivalent attitudes toward shared leadership. The second hypothesis (H2), proposing a positive correlation between attitude toward shared leadership and employee satisfaction, is not confirmed by the correlation analysis. No significant correlation is found among the variables for the entire sample of Chinese respondents. The third hypothesis (H3), proposing an ambivalent attitude of Chinese employees toward shared leadership, is confirmed by the calculated mean score within the survey by Small (2007). There are potential reasons for this ambivalence, e.g. suggesting a conflict between traditional and modern values in China. This paper recommends a deeper understanding of ambivalent employee satisfaction at work to enhance the effectivity and efficiency of planned leadership changes. Tailored leadership training should be designed to align with the preferences of these specific target groups. Future research directions could focus on strategies for persuading team members to embrace a shared leadership approach. Additionally, exploring the reasons behind negative attitudes toward shared leadership paves the way for further research, such as examining potential connections with hierarchical power structures.

Quality Control System for the Tomato Release Process produced in Greenhouse

Quality control is considered a primary feature to determine the commercial value of the tomato (Lycopersicon escultelum) and the acceptability of the product by the customer, this based on standards and parameters that guarantee a high level of quality of the tomato accepted in the process of releasing it and affirm customer confidence. This project was carried out in an agro-producing and marketing company of tomato produced in a greenhouse in the Region of Tehuacán, Puebla, Mexico, and proposes a quality control system in the tomato release process through an analysis and study of the physical and chemical attributes of the fruit that is entered into the company, to subsequently assign a quality according to the behavior of the fruit, The quality of the tomato is based mainly on the uniformity of the shape and the absence of growth and handling defects present in the fruit. Size, although not a factor that defines the degree of quality, usually has an important influence on the expectations of its commercial quality.

Quality of Work life of Nurses in a Government Hospital, Chitwan

Introduction: Work is an integral part of life where employees spend about one third of their entire life in workplace, thus working environment must be favorable. When the quality of work-life is stable, productivity is bound to increase. It seeks to benefit employees, their families, and the organization as well. The objective of the study is to identify the quality of work life of nurses working in Bharatpur hospital, Nepal.Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study design was used. The total number of 84 nurses from Bharatpur Hospital were purposively selected. Non-probability convenience sampling techniques was used to select a nurse working in Bharatpur Government hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan having maximum of 6months job experience. Data were collected using standardized Brooks’ Quality of Nursing Work Life Survey tool. Data were analyzed using the statistical package of social science(SPSS) version 20.0. Inferential statistic was used to measure the association between quality of life of nurse and selected variables.Results: The study revealed that overall quality of work life were moderate (79.8%) of respondents. The findings on dimension wise quality of work life of nurses were 83.3%, 67.3% and 65.5% of respondents had moderate level of quality in work design, home life/ work life and work world dimension respectively, while 57.1% of respondents had high level of quality of work life of nurses in work context dimension. The Quality of Work Life of nurses was associated with level of education (χ2=11.027, p= 0.004).Conclusions: The majority of nurse had moderate level quality of work life. The authorities in the health care system should develop strategies for improving the nurses work conditions and their quality of work life so that, nurses will be able to perform quality care for their patients.

Pengkayaan Seni, Budaya dalam Mendukung Pariwisata Berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Magelang

The main objective of this research is to assess the existence of diversity of cultural arts enrichment in order to become a sustainable tourism product with the criteria of protecting tourism, arts and culture of local communities in a directed and integrated manner to create something dynamic and selective. The enrichment of arts and culture in destinations has an assessment of the level of importance and level of quality based on indicators and supporting evidence that forms the criteria. The study method is carried out through qualitative descriptive analysis by revealing events or facts, circumstances, phenomena at the destination. The assessment is based on a systematic, factual description of the facts, characteristics and relationships between phenomena that occur at the destination which is measured through the level of importance and level of quality. Discussion of management at destinations with indicators in the form of a) natural sites. b) local culture, c) historical buildings d) rural landscapes, have varying levels of importance and quality. The rural landscape has a high level of importance and quality as an element of artistic and cultural enrichment in supporting quality tourism.

تأثير مسؤوليات مجلس الإدارة على جودة المعلومات المحاسبية (The Effect of the Responsibilities of the Board of Directors, on the Quality of Accounting Information)

Based on the world's crises over the last two decades, international bodies have sought to establish rules that govern commercial banks' standards of control and supervision. Although the banking sector is the backbone of economic life, governance has evolved over the last decade to include more transparency in management and regulate the relationship between the company's parties. Furthermore, to achieve a high level of quality in these reports, more trust should be placed in the information in these companies' financial reports. The problem statement addresses the effect of applying corporate governance standards of the responsibilities of the board of directors on the performance of Libyan commercial banks. The study aims to determine the effect of this standard's implementation on the quality of accounting information in Libyan commercial banks. In order to achieve the study's objectives, the questionnaire was used to collect data and assess the impact of applying standards of the responsibilities of the board of directors of corporate governance on the quality of accounting information. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development criterion was used as an independent variable, standards of the responsibilities of the board of directors, to measure it on the dependent variable (the quality of accounting information in banks). The study sample included several members of the board of directors, non-auditors, internal auditors, accountants and heads of departments in some branches of Libyan commercial banks. The descriptive approach was used in the analysis using the SPSS program. The study concluded that this governance standard positively impacts Libyan commercial banks' accounting information quality. However, this result was strong in the responsibilities of the board of directors on the quality of accounting information, in contrast to this study's standards and to previous studies. Comparing earlier research, it was found that the environment in which Libyan banks operate is different from that of these studies because Libyan banks confront a variety of hazards, including those related to the environment, the economy, politics, and security. The study also recommended that: the Central Bank should verify the banks' implementation of the Governance Guide issued by the Central Bank of Libya. Banks must have a guide to corporate governance principles and a committee responsible for ensuring compliance with the practice of these principles.

An efficient greedy heuristic for the real-time train platforming problem

This paper focuses on a special class of real-time railway traffic management problem: efficiently reallocating trains to platforms at stations in case of slight schedule changes or major disruptions. The need for a real-time response with a high level of quality makes this problem particularly challenging.To address this issue, the authors propose a mesoscopic approach that involves preprocessing the data to determine feasible routes and other disruption parameters. They develop a greedy interchange heuristic to solve the mesoscopic real-time train platforming problem, providing high-quality routing and timing decisions within the computational time constraints of real-time management problems.The performance of the proposed heuristic is analyzed through case studies using both synthetic and realistic scenarios from the Spanish railway traffic system. For large instances of the Atocha-Cercanías station case study, the solutions are generated from 5 to 10 times faster by the heuristic algorithm than by the exact method. The authors conclude that the proposed heuristic is a promising solution for real-time train platforming problems.

The Development of a Conceptual Framework for 21st Century Teaching Competency

This research aimed to 1) analyze and synthesize teaching competency in the 21st century for teachers conceptual framework, and 2) develop and validate the 21st century teaching competency conceptual framework and assessment tools. Research methods included the analysis and synthesis of the concept of teaching competency in the 21st century. Nine experts in the relevant fields were requested to assess the standard of evaluation and quality of the 21st century teaching competency conceptual framework and the 21st century teaching competency assessment tools. The research instruments used to collect qualitative and quantitative data were the standard evaluation assessment form and quality assessment form to validate the conceptual framework of the 21st century teaching competency, and the 21st century teaching competency assessment tools which included the self-assessment form, the observation form, and the portfolio assessment form, and interview form. Analysis of the data used in this study included mean, standard deviation and content analysis. The study results of the analysis and synthesis of the 21st century teaching competency framework for teachers evaluated by nine experts, were found to have a very high level of standard evaluation with an average of 4.85 (SD 1.53), and a very high level the conceptual framework quality, with an average of 4.85 (SD 0.28). In conclusion, the 21st century teaching competency conceptual framework and assessment tools were developed and validated at a very high level of quality and standard evaluation. The experts confirmed that the 21st century teaching competency framework is a practical and comprehensive framework for assessing teaching competency in the 21st century.

The position of the Queen Elisabeth Rehabilitation hospital (KEI) in the chain of Integrated Care

Introduction: Governments put health-system strengthening as priority. They particularly strive for person-centred health-systems. Integrated Care is seen as the way forward to achieve this. To improve patient experience and health outcomes, healthcare should be organised ‘horizontally’ around the patient and should be ‘vertically’ integrating services in various levels and settings. The Queen Elisabeth Rehabilitation hospital (KEI), encompassing 165 beds, wants to play a role in better healthcare for patients with specific and complex rehabilitation needs (cardiopulmonary, locomotor and neurological) and strives to centre its services on the needs of the patients, their families and the broader community.
 Methods and aim: In order to formulate a well-articulated strategic plan, KEI critically scrutinised its current work by studying available data. Since KEI developed a high level quality control management-plan, data from 2021 could be extracted from the patients records and analysed.
 Results: KEI, driven by a holistic vision on rehabilitation (medical, functional, social and psychological) intensively puts efforts in interdisciplinary team-integration (specialist-physicians, dietitians, occupational, speech- and language-, physiotherapists, psychologists, nurses, assistant nurses) supported by electronical patient-records and grounded in patient-participation. Also preventive (mostly ambulatory) coaching is offered (e.g. smoking cessation, tackling malnutrition and obesity). Patients admitted to KEI in 2021 (n= 1215) were transferred from hospitals (9% university-hospitals/83% non-university), from home (7%) and from nursing-homes (1%). They are discharged towards home (74%), nursing-homes (11%) or back to a hospital (11%). After discharge, extensive ambulatory follow-up was conducted with 2178 ambulatory consultations. This means that KEI extensively collaborated and exchanged information with stakeholders in the region: regional hospitals, primary care, nursing-homes. To fulfil its supra-regional task, KEI collaborates also with university-hospitals throughout Flanders. Several official agreements and care pathways are in place to organise al this collaboration. 
 Discussion and conclusion: Aiming to improve patients/informal caregivers’ experiences, KEI developed pre- and post-trajectories, which is only possible through well-integrated care and good cooperation with other facilities, e.g. acute hospitals, care for the older persons (nursing-homes, assisted-living facilities) and primary care. KEI has expanded this diversity within the own facilities, but also with other partners. In this way, KEI is today playing a local as well as a supra-regional role, but strives to upgrade his part as legitimate, recognized, complementary and responsible partner in transversal collaboration towards integrated between micro-, meso-and macro-level. Although Integrated Care is an explicit task the Flemish government directed towards rehabilitation-hospitals, it is hard to really integrate care around the needs of patients and informal caregivers, mainly because of insufficient ‘vertical integration’ since services are not organized under one management umbrella. The locoregional acute hospital networks in development might be a step forward since they allow the formation of alliances and arrangements on a local level, though rehabilitation-hospitals are not part of it. Several challenges still lie ahead such as the search for a common reason of being, i.e. understanding the needs from a population health goals; common mission and strategy; joint funding and planning with shared outcomes. Also strong leadership with trust in each other and clear governance arrangements are needed.

Features of implementation of catering enterprises strategies in modern conditions (on the example of Russian largest cities)

The article is devoted to the study of catering enterprises strategy implementation in the conditions of economic crisis situations of 2020–2022. In particular, the article highlights the foreign scientists’ points of view regarding the definition of the “strategy implementation” concept, and the process approach to the definition is provided as a fundamental one. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that on the basis of the study key catering market trends for the period 2020–2022 were identified. The following main statistical indicators were used: the turnover of catering in the Russian entities and per capita, the number of places in catering enterprises and the availability of catering enterprises per 1,000 population. It was concluded that apart from the ongoing post-coronavirus trends, such as ensuring a high level of quality and safety of manufactured products, changing the supply chains, delivery of finished goods and takeaway format, in modern conditions, consumers are becoming more economical and rational in their expenses and are trying to optimise their budget. In 2022 and 2023, the following trends remain: establishment of interaction between catering enterprises and consumers, personalisation of clients, support of positive “word of mouth” and establishment of partnerships with local suppliers of products and ingredients to ensure supply stability. An assessment of catering enterprises strategy implementation with consideration to the influence of the identified trends is emphasised as a direction for further research.