High Growth Potential Research Articles

Revaluating the dietary methionine requirements in an improved strain of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

It has been shown with terrestrial animals that the genetic improvement increases the nutrient requirements of the animal, which becomes more efficient in using these nutrients to achieve their higher growth potential. This study was conducted to estimate the dietary methionine requirements of different generations of the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia at the juvenile stage (17.51 g–19.55 g initial body weight). To achieve this objective, a completely randomized 2 × 6 factorial design was applied, with the genetic background of fish (generation) as the first independent variable with two levels, the 16th and 17th generations, and the methionine content of the diet as the second independent variable, with 6 graded levels, 0.52, 0.62, 0.84, 0.94, 1.04 and 1.27% of methionine in the diets, respectively. At the end of the 42-day experiment, the interaction effect of the generation × diet was not significant (P > 0.05) for any of the response parameters studied. The genetic improvement led to 15% more growth in the 17th generation than the 16th generation of the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia, which was accompanied with better feed conversion ratio, protein productive value, and energy productive value in the former generation (P < 0.05). Whatever the generation considered, the optimum dietary methionine requirement for the growth of the improved GIFT strain of Nile tilapia was estimated in this study, using the broken-line model, between 0.75% and 0.80% of the diet (with a cysteine level of 0.50% of the diet), which is higher than 0.49% of the diet previously estimated for conventional Nile tilapia at the juvenile stage. Therefore, the genetic improvement applied to the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia likely led to a higher methionine and total sulfur amino acid requirement than the conventional strains. The results of this study support the need to update the existing nutrient requirement databases of fish, in order to ensure that diets are formulated to effectively satisfy the requirements of not only conventional, but also improved strains of fish, for the full expression of their accrued growth potential of the latter strains.

The microbial growth potential of antiscalants used in seawater desalination

20 years since the first report on the biofouling potential of chemicals used for scale control, still, antiscalants with high bacterial growth potential are used in practice. Evaluating the bacterial growth potential of commercially available antiscalants is therefore essential for a rational selection of these chemicals. Previous antiscalant growth potential tests were conducted in drinking water or seawater inoculated with model bacterial species which do not represent natural bacterial communities. To reflect better on the conditions of desalination systems, we investigated the bacterial growth potential of eight different antiscalants in natural seawater and an autochthonous bacterial population as inoculum. The antiscalants differed strongly in their bacterial growth potential varying from ≤ 1 to 6 μg easily biodegradable C equivalents/mg antiscalant. The six phosphonate-based antiscalants investigated showed a broad range of growth potential, which depended on their chemical composition, whilst the biopolymer and the synthetic carboxylated polymers-based antiscalants showed limited or no significant bacterial growth. Moreover, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scans enabled antiscalant fingerprinting, identifying components and contaminants, providing a rapid and sensitive characterization, and opening opportunities for rational selection of antiscalants for biofouling control.

Unilateral Orbitopathy Caused by Skull Base Chordoid Meningioma

Chordoid meningioma (CM) makes up only 1% of all meningiomas. Most cases of this variant are locally aggressive, have high growth potential, and are likely to recur. Although CMs are known to be invasive, they rarely extend into the retro-orbital space. Herein, we report a case of a central skull base CM in a 78-year-old woman whose only manifestation was unilateral proptosis with impaired vision resulting from the tumor extending into the retro-orbital space through the superior orbital fissure. The diagnosis was confirmed by analysis of specimens collected during endoscopic orbital surgery, which simultaneously relieved the protruding eye and restored the patient's visual acuity by decompressing the oppressed orbit. This rare presentation of CM reminds physicians there may be lesions outside the orbit that can cause unilateral orbitopathy and that endoscopic orbital surgery can be used to confirm its diagnosis as well as treat it.

Factors influencing free and open-source software adoption in developing countries—an empirical study

Free Open-Source Software (FOSS) is essentially seen by many organizations as a key pillar for accelerating technological innovation. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which factors such as cost and quality of the system, as well as usability, interoperability, and security, influence the intention to use FOSS. Based on the data obtained from the survey, we propose a new theoretical model that we test and evaluate using the SEM-PLS method. The results suggest a significant relationship between FOSS adoption and factors such as low cost, performance expectation, social influence, and system quality, which was explained on a large scale by safety, interoperability, and usability as the most important factors in adoption decisions. Thus, this paper presents a new model for the adoption of FOSS in countries with high growth potential and aims to be a significant contribution to the scientific community on the state of the art in FOSS organizations in developing countries.

Identification and Functional Prediction of CircRNAs in Leaves of F1 Hybrid Poplars with Different Growth Potential and Their Parents.

Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) regulate plant growth and development; however, their role in poplar heterosis is unclear. We identified 3722 circRNAs in poplar leaves, most of which were intergenic (57.2%) and exonic (40.2%). The expression of circRNAs in F1 hybrids with high growth potential was higher than that in those with low growth potential. Non-additive expression of circRNAs and single-parent expression of circRNAs (SPE-circRNAs) might regulate poplar heterosis through microRNA sponging and protein translation, respectively. DECs among F1 hybrids with different growth potentials might regulate the growth potential of poplar via microRNA sponging. Correlation analysis between circRNA expression and its parent gene expression showed that SPE-M circRNA (circRNAs expressed by male parent only) might regulate poplar heterosis by inhibiting parent gene expression, while other circRNAs might regulate poplar heterosis by enhancing parent gene expression. Weighted correlation network analysis of gene/circRNA expression showed that circRNAs mainly regulate poplar heterosis via carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and material transport. In addition, we identified seven circRNAs that positively or negatively regulate poplar heterosis. Thus, non-additively expressed circRNAs and SPE circRNAs are involved in regulating poplar heterosis, and DECs among F1 hybrids with different growth potentials were involved in regulating poplar growth potential.

Provenances from introduced stands of Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.) outperform those from the natural distribution

Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.), which is native to North America, covers over 350.000 ha in Europe and is currently the most common non-native deciduous tree species in Germany. Due to its high growth potential and higher drought tolerance in relation to native oak species, its valuable ecological characteristics and the versatile use of its wood for lumber or furniture it is one of the potential alternative tree species in a future warmer climate.In this study, growth performance of Q. rubra (particularly basal area [m2 ha-1] at age 33) is analysed, using data from a provenance trial established in 1991 with three test sites located in North, East and Central Germany. We focus on 12 common provenances, six of North American origin and six sourced from introduced stands from Germany, to evaluate patterns of provenance-environment interaction (P × E). Using effect size statistics, we found a significant percent gain in productivity of German compared to North American provenances on two humid sites. Two provenances from South-west Germany further convince with a good stem form. North American provenances from Canada show an equivalent growth to those from Germany on a drier test site, while provenances from the United States show poor growth in all environments. We assessed the provenance sensitivity across the tested environments by characterising growth differences with the joint regression analysis (JRA), which confirmed a significant P × E and the growth superiority of German provenances. The application of the Weighted Average of the Absolute Scores (WAAS) as a stability parameter enables the classification of provenances into generalists and specialists. While the German provenances can be assumed to be generalists with above average performance (4 provenances) or specialists with a high productivity on humid sites (2 provenances) and therefore seem suitable for recommendations, those from Canada performed well in the dry environment, which could be promising if planted at sites with decreasing precipitation regimes. All of these aspects shall contribute to a broader use of Northern Red Oak especially in Germany in the process of forest restoration.

Barrier thickness dependence of the built-in electric field in pseudomorphic ZnO/Zn0.55Mg0.45O multi-quantum wells

The electric polarization of (Zn, Mg)O alloys, known as stable wide-bandgap semiconductors, is an intrinsic property that has a significant impact on the properties and performance of polar ZnO-based optoelectronic devices, such in the case of the quantum-confined Stark effect. Because Wurtzite (WZ)-ZnMgO exhibits a high potential for epitaxial growth with tunable bandgap energy, we fabricated high-quality pseudomorphic ZnMgO thin films on O-polar ZnO substrates and achieved a maximum Mg solubility of 45%. In addition, the high-quality texture and accurate design of ZnO/ZnMgO multi-quantum wells (MQWs) was confirmed. The electric-polarization-induced built-in electric field (Ein) of polar ZnO/ZnMgO MQWs was examined by using a combination of cryogenic photoluminescence measurements and self-consistent Poisson–Schrödinger method. An electric field of 1.9 MV/cm was obtained for a barrier thickness of 13.6 nm. The barrier-thickness-dependent Ein was fitted with an electrostatic model, and a maximum electric field (Einmax) of 2.4 MV/cm was obtained for a 3.4-nm-thick quantum well. This value was perfectly reproduced by using the crystal parameters of the pseudomorphic ZnMgO epilayer. These results are expected to enhance our understanding of WZ-ZnMgO crystallography and provide a method for the systematic design of polar-ZnO-based optoelectronic devices.

The organic Rankine cycle power systems market: Recent developments and future perspectives

This work presents an up-to-date overview on the recent developments in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) industry. Information from more than 30 manufacturers, representing a total of almost 2900 projects have been collected and analyzed providing information on trends in the past and the market evolution during the last four years in terms of installed capacity and installed plants divided by application, macro region and manufacturer. At the end of 2020, the cumulated installed capacity of ORCs was 4.5 GW. Since 2016, the overall ORC market increased by 40 % (+1.18 GW) in terms of installed capacity and by 46.5 % (+859) in terms of installed plants. Regarding the capacity increase between 2016 and 2020, the largest increase is due to geothermal application (+972 MW, +45 %) with 74 new plants, while waste heat systems have the largest growth in terms of the number of installed systems (630 plants, +208 %) with an installed capacity of 125 MW. The installed capacity of biomass ORC systems increased by 20 % (69 MW), while the number of installed plants increased by 22 % (77 plants).Additionally, a market survey was conducted, and ten established ORC manufactures contributed their perspective on the ORC market. The results highlight that, despite COVID-19, the current market situation is in good shape and that the majority of the manufacturers have positive expectations concerning the future development. Central and Eastern Europe as well as the ASEAN region are rated as the regions with the highest growth potential. Geothermal energy and small waste heat installations are expected to be the most relevant heat sources for the coming years.

Comparative Analysis of the Aviation Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) Industry in Northeast Asian Countries: A Suggestion for the Development of Korea’s MRO Industry

Aviation maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) has become more important to the air transport industry during the pandemic since it plays a crucial role in improving safety, ensuring profitability, and achieving sustainability in the industry. The growth of the Northeast Asian MRO market is forecasted to be remarkable, making the region the next MRO powerhouse. This study investigates the MRO industry in Northeast Asian countries (China, Japan, and Korea) to gain insights for strategical development of the industry. SWOT analysis was used to understand external macro-environment and internal conditions comprehensively, with comparative analysis then performed to find each country’s competitiveness. SWOT analysis of the external environment of the aviation MRO industry in Northeast Asia finds opportunities from increased competition in the air transport industry and technological development and threats caused by aircraft advancements (less scheduled maintenance checks) and a limited workforce. Internal conditions are analyzed using six factors: cost, workforce, geographic presence, quality with shorter turnaround time, technological advancement, and certification. The results indicate that Korea’s MRO industry has strong human resources but weak technological capabilities. The competitive advantage of the Chinese MRO industry stems from both a large number of aircraft and lower costs. While Japan possesses superior MRO technology, high labor costs reduce their industrial competitiveness. Based on a comparative analysis, this study provides strategic insights into the improvements that can be made in the Korean MRO industry. Since composite MRO of newer aircraft presents a small technological gap which can be overcome with high-quality human resources, Korea should focus its resources and policies on promoting the composite MRO industry due to its high growth potential.

Impact Investment Assessment methodology for Early-stage Start-up Investment Screening

Over the next five years, Indonesia is expected to absorb an estimated USD 23 billion in impact investments which could be materialized in the form of a Public-Private Partnership (PPP), and one of the beneficiaries of foreign investment is a start-up company. It is estimated that Indonesia will create thousands of potential start-ups that will disrupt the economy of Indonesia. As a developing country brimming with high potential growth, among its vast youth population, there are millions of entrepreneurs with brilliant ideas that may benefit not only themselves but also society.[13] One of the steps for investing in impact investment is screening and scoring the ESG and SDG Alignment using standardized and tested methods created by accredited international institutions. Start-ups that are still in the early-stage phase are rather very difficult to be assessed using the currently available global standard methodology, therefore making early-stage start-ups out of reach for Impact Investment and early-stage start-ups have a high potential in multiplying their valuation to drastically increase venture capital profits, creating an assessment tool that is necessary to eliminate the lost opportunity. Venture capital requires an assessment tool for their investment process, especially for early-stage start-ups. Currently, there are yet such scoring methodologies or standards that are suited for Indonesian early-stage start-ups. Many start-ups in their early don’t have adequate resources to implement an ESG framework or commit to any SDG alignment by applying established international ESG frameworks and standards. But there are few start-ups that commit to ESG and SDG Value to their business model that create social and environmental impact while profiting as a business. The objective of this research is to create an Impact Investment assessment tool based on ISS ESG impact rating and MSCI ESG SDG alignment assessment methodology that will be adjusted for Indonesian early-stage screening purposes and to be implemented in Venture capital preliminary in the business process.

Fleet management systems in Logistics 4.0 era: a real time distributed and scalable architectural proposal

In an era marked by the big data paradigm and ubiquitous computing systems, it is increasingly common to see devices embedded in any type of object with the aim of collecting and sharing owned or read data from its environment. This type of interconnection between devices is known as the Internet of Things (IoT). In particular in the logistics sector, vehicles are equipped with control units that are capable of monitoring a large number of parameters to ensure the correct operation of the vehicle. In addition, they are now able to share this data in near real time so that this information can be accessed and analysed at any time. However, due to the large amount of shared data, the frequency of data generation and delivery, and the high potential for growth in the number of devices, traditional technologies and architectures are not able to meet the performance demands of these real time decision making systems. In this article we describe and evaluate the benefits and potential trade-offs of implementing services based on a distributed and scalable architecture, called RAI4.0, in a truck fleet management company, which currently has 20,000 on-board devices and expects to grow to 80,000 devices in the next 2 years. With the change of architecture, the company expects to be able to implement near real-time services to monitor and notify its drivers of driving tips and diagnose possible vehicle failures in advance, among others.

ГЛОБАЛЬНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА НОВІТНІ СХЕМИ ЗЛИТТІВ І ПОГЛИНАНЬ

The article examines and analyzes the concepts of “merger” and “acquisition”, which are often used as synonyms, but even more often they are used in the phrase “mergers and acquisitions” to denote one phenomenon characteristic of the corporate control market. Mergers and acquisitions are a multiplicity of agreements between economic entities, in which there is a change of owner, the unification of enterprises of further operation under the auspices of the enterprise-initiator of the agreement, or the transfer of a controlling stake of one of the parties to the agreement to another. The reasons for mergers and acquisitions of enterprises are highlighted. The emergence of mergers and acquisitions, which has its roots in the history of the development of US industrial production in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, is explained. The role and importance of competition in this process, as well as its influence on the acceleration and expansion of mergers and acquisitions, are shown. Various theoretical approaches in research by world and domestic scientists on the causes and consequences of mergers and acquisitions of leading companies for the world economy are characterized. However, it should be noted that today there is no consensus in scientific circles regarding the interpretation of this concept. An analysis of the consequences on global processes of mergers and acquisitions during the period of COVID-19 was carried out. These developments have been found to lead to both strategic acquisitions and divestitures, as companies redirect management resources and funds to those parts of the business with the highest growth potential and where they enjoy a distinct competitive advantage. Companies are shown to use mergers and acquisitions to acquire capabilities they do not have (often in technology) to expand existing capabilities and strengthen that advantage. The priorities of the global mergers and acquisitions industries in the post-war period are demonstrated. The most attractive, from the point of view of the implementation of mergers and acquisitions, in the economy of Ukraine for foreign investors have been analyzed. Obstacles to the formation of the attractiveness of the Ukrainian investment market are shown. A number of advantages in financing the modern Ukrainian economy have been studied, despite the really difficult political and economic situation in the country. A number of advantages of financing for modern Ukrainian realities have been studied despite the difficult political and economic situation in the country.

Growth and production of cowpea beans under potassium doses in soil of cerrado in Amapá, Brazil.

The cowpea bean [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], a legume of great socioeconomic importance, it was previously cultivated exclusively for subsistence and commercial purposes, especially in the North and Northeast regions. This crop has a low production cost and high nutritional value, in addition to a high potential for productivity growth and expansion to other regions. The objective of this work was to evaluate parameters of growth and production in cowpea culture, as a function of potassium fertilization in soil of the cerrado of Amapá. The parameters of growth and production of the cowpea culture were evaluated, as a function of potassium fertilization in the soil of the cerrado of Amapá. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized experimental design, with four replications, in a 5x2 factorial scheme, totaling 40 experimental units, which were composed of plastic pots containing 7 dm3 of soil collected from the arable layer (0-20 cm ) of a typical Hyperdystrophic Yellow Argisol, with a sandy clay loam texture, in a cerrado area in the municipality of Porto Grande-AP. The factors consisted of the control treatment (without K), four doses of K (45, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1) in the form of potassium chloride, and two cowpea cultivars (Pretinho and BRS Tumucumaque). The cultivar BRS Tumucumaque shows better growth and production of cowpea plants. Doses of 90 kg ha-1 provided greater height (98.75 cm) and stem diameter (10.0 mm). As for production, the dose of 135 kg ha-1 caused greater grain weight gain (5.25 g) and dry mass of pods (13.92 g), and the doses of 90 and 180 kg ha-1 induced greater number and length of pods (3.16 pods) respectively. These results show better responsiveness of the BRS Tumucumaque cultivar at doses of 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1 in the type of soil where the study was conducted.

ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНІ МОЖЛИВОСТІ НА РИНКАХ, ЩО РОЗВИВАЮТЬСЯ: РИЗИКИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The article analyzes the markets of developing countries characterized by a high level of instability, risks and uncertainty. The investment opportunities of emerging markets are identified, and the prospects for investment policy in this geopolitical framework and the risks of such activities are described. The IMF World Economic Outlook 2021 report and the main countries characterized by emerging markets as of 2023 are analyzed. It is noted that among these countries, China, India, Indonesia, Brazil, Nigeria and Pakistan are important for investors. For these countries, potential sectors that may be of interest for investment, such as technology, infrastructure, energy, agriculture, medical and pharmaceutical industries, have been identified. It is determined that an important aspect in decision-making is to take into account the factors of volatility in emerging markets. It is noted that the risks to investors may include political instability, financial system collapse, unfavorable changes in regulatory policy, and negative social consequences. On the other hand, the prospects for investors in emerging markets are rapid economic development and growing consumer power. The Catch-Up Effect, i.e. the catch-up effect according to the convergence theory, was studied: what this approach is based on and what the results of the study showed. The author analyzed the World Population Review's forecasts for India, which is the country with the highest projected GDP growth among emerging markets. It was noted that one of the key factors affecting the growth of the Indian economy is the continuation of reforms aimed at improving the business climate, promoting entrepreneurship and making India attractive to foreign investors. It was also noted that India has significant potential for the development of such industries as information technology, engineering, automotive, pharmaceuticals and agriculture. Thus, based on the World Population Review's forecasts, it can be concluded that India remains an important market for investors with high potential for economic growth and business development. However, it is also necessary to take into account the risks and uncertainties associated with emerging markets when planning an investment strategy. Thus, the article provides important information for investors interested in investing in emerging markets. It emphasizes the need to carefully evaluate risks and opportunities before making an investment decision, and emphasizes the importance of taking into account the specifics of the country's economy and political environment.

스포츠서비스산업 유망업종 평가를 위한 지표 선정과 적용에 관한 연구

The primary purpose of this study was to prepare standards and grounds for selecting promising sports service industries with high growth potential. The conceptual definition of promising sports service industries was explicitly presented to achieve this research goal. Furthermore, indicators for selecting promising industries were developed to prepare evidence to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of sports service industry promotion and support policies. The study’s main content included a review of previous studies conducted to clarify the precise definition of promising sports industries. Next, quantitative and qualitative factors, the criteria for evaluating promising sports service industries, were derived to verify the indicators’ suitability. In addition, the prospects of individual sports service industries were evaluated through indicator analysis. Finally, future directions for establishing support policies were explored.

Blue Economy in the EU-27

The blue economy can facilitate sustainable economic development and significantly contribute to the conservation of the environment and climate. The blue economy is characterized by a high potential for innovation and growth, facilitation of which can result in the sustainable development of the countries and conservation of natural resources also for future generations.

Skenario Konservasi Tanah pada Perkebunan Sawit sebagai Upaya Mitigasi Limpasan Permukaan pada DAS Arui, Kabupaten Manokwari, Papua Barat

Indonesia, a country with high forest and land potential for economic growth, still relies on utilizing these two potentials. This study aims to create a conservation scenario in palm oil plantations that are expected to be able to mitigate surface runoff. The data collected include hydrology, land, area of oil palm plantations, and topography, which were analyzed based on threats and potential conservation that can be applied. Conservation scenarios that need to be carried out are: deadlock alley ditch (dad), mixed tree and palm oil plantations, planting oil palm without land cultivation, and immersing mulch. The simulation results of the dad design, if it rains heavily, all of the rainwater in the palm oil fields can be accommodated without a runoff. Mixed tree and oil palm plants are expected to maintain the availability of nutrients, increase the income of oil palm smallholders, and have a good impact on soil fertility. Planting oil palm without land cultivation is expected to reduce surface runoff, increase water infiltration into the soil, and expand water catchment areas. The immersion of palm mulch is expected to help retain soil moisture, add nutrients, enhance the soil's ability to absorb water, and prevent erosion. Conservation scenarios in the long term, such as dad, mixed tree and oil palm plantations, oil plantations without land cultivation, and mulch immersion, are expected to be able to mitigate flooding.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Arui watershed, conservation scenario, mitigation, oil palm, surface runoff

Potential of Single Cell Protein Production Using Waste as Growth Medium

Feed is an important factor affecting the growth of cultured fish. Around 86.5% of the production cost of aquaculture is allocated for the purchase of feed. Good quality and efficient feed is a determinant of the success of aquaculture business. Single Cell Protein (SCP) is a dry cell product of single cell microorganisms. SCP production is generally not only protein but also free amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth media of Bacillus Cereus which will be used as a source of SCP by using some easy-to-use waste. The research method used is an experimental method using 2 isolates of Bacillus cereus bacteria, namely B. cereus strain SN7 and a consortium of bacterial isolates. Both isolates were grown in tofu liquid waste media, sago liquid waste media, and molasses waste media as a carbon source added with egg white as a nitrogen source with 3 replications in each treatment. The results showed that the most optimal growth medium for B. cereus strain SN7 and the consortium was molasses waste modified media which was incubated for 24 hours, compared to modified media for sago waste and tofu waste. For comparison, the isolates of B. cereus and consortium still had a higher growth potential than the isolates of strain SN7 which had been incubated for 24 hours.

Economic Crisis Impact Assessment and Risk Exposure Evaluation of Selected Energy Sector Companies from Bombay Stock Exchange

The energy sector is one of the most important sectors as it is the producer and supplier of fuel to run other industries and economies. This research aims to present an intertwined structure of risk exposure measuring the performance of the S&amp;P Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) Energy Index and selected companies from the constituents while taking into account two scenarios of risk, namely the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine conflict, in a manner appropriate for energy stock investors, energy companies, and the economy through hedging against investment risk, diversification in operations securing the continuation of energy production, and the risk of fluctuating prices in the energy market, respectively. The research problem is observed as the requirement to choose the representative stocks of the S&amp;P (BSE) Energy Index to evaluate their situations during the period of the two crisis scenarios and to provide the current risk exposure to India’s energy sector. The methodological approach was through the process of selecting the stock market, the reason behind selecting the energy sector, analyzing the crisis situation, and finally providing the risk exposure matrix. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the index and stocks only in the beginning when the market was scared psychologically. The Russia–Ukraine conflict is considered to measure the stock status showing the effect on the index and the effect on selected stocks showing a deviated performance. All ten companies representative of the S&amp;P BSE Energy Index ranked in the increasing order of risk exposure comparatively and concludes a high potential growth and return.

Is Social Trust a Governance Mechanism? Evidence From Dividend Payouts of Chinese Firms

AbstractWhile management studies show that micro‐level trust within and between firms affects firm performance and innovation, it is unclear how macro‐level trust, namely social trust, affects corporate decisions. Addressing this is important because micro‐level trust is shaped by macro‐level social norms. A growing literature finds that corporations are influenced by local social norms. Drawing from this insight and using various measures of social trust, we examine the impact of social trust on dividend payouts. We find that levels of social trust, both in terms of directly measured trust and trust inferred from concomitant levels of civic social capital, negatively impact dividend payouts of local firms across Chinese provinces. We argue that community social trust supplies governance and plays a substitute role for dividend payouts, with a higher level of social trust engendering a lower demand for dividend payouts. This negative effect is more pronounced for younger firms, companies with high growth potential and firms in regions of less‐developed institutional environments. We further show that agency cost plays an important mediating role, since high social trust reduces agency cost, jointly affecting dividends. Firms in high‐trust regions make meaningful use of their greater retained earnings for research and development and innovations.