High Fire Safety Research Articles

Caramel doped with aromatic compounds as halogen- and phosphorus-free flame-retardant strategy for wool fabric

The development of halogen- and phosphorus-free flame-retardant strategies is urgently needed in textile industry. In this study, a caramel product doped with aromatic compounds was developed via caramelization and aldol reactions using glucose and p-phthaldialdehyde. The modified caramel (Car@PDA) was subsequently used as a sustainable approach to improve flame retardancy of wool fabric. The flame retardancy, washing durability, heat generation, and flame-retardant mode of action of Car@PDA on wool fabric were investigated. The modified wool fabrics showed excellent flame retardancy, with the limiting oxygen index increasing to 32.5 % and the damaged length decreasing to 10.1 cm, with good self-extinguishing capacity. Car@PDA could combine with wool fibers through Schiff base reaction and electrostatic attraction, so the modified wool fabrics still self-extinguished and met the B1 flame-retardant requirements after 10 washing cycles. The modified wool showed significantly decreased heat release capacity and fire growth rate, suggesting high fire safety. Car@PDA promoted the decomposition of the fabric to form char barrier, thereby achieving an effective flame-retardant effect. In addition, the Car@PDA modification had a minimal effect on the tensile strength and handle of wool fabric. This study provides an innovative way to create bio-based, halogen- and phosphorus-free flame-retardants for protein wool fabrics.

Co Hybrids modified piperazine pyrophosphate towards efficient flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and high mechanical properties of styrenic thermoplastic elastomer

The highly flammable nature of thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) results in poor fire safety performance. The large addition of flame retardants leads to a significant decrease in mechanical properties. To solve above challenges, we design a multilayer core-shell flame retardant, piperazine pyrophosphate@ tannic acid@ Co amorphous hybrids (PAPP@TA@Co-2-MIM) and add it to TPE to enhance the fire safety and mechanical performance simultaneously. It was found that the addition of 32 wt% PAPP@TA@Co-2-MIM achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating of TPE composites, with a limiting oxygen index of 27 %. Compared to pure TPE, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, total smoke production, and peak CO release rate of TPE/PAPP@TA@Co-2-MIM were reduced by 79.8 %, 37.1 %, 42.9 %, and 82.5 %, respectively, effectively suppressing the release of heat, smoke, and toxic gases. Besides, the flame-retardant mechanism was also explained. In terms of mechanical performance, benefiting by the bridging effect of the core-shell structure, the tensile strength of TPE/PAPP@TA@Co-2-MIM increased by 52.7 %, compared to TPE/PAPP. This study designed a TPE composite material that showed good thermal stability, high fire safety performance and enhanced mechanical properties.

Vascular bundle-structured polymeric composites with fire-safe, self-detecting and heat warning capabilities for power batteries thermal management

The trend of miniaturization and integration poses challenges to the thermal management of electronic devices, requiring high thermal conductivity and potential fire safety, etc. In this study, inspired by plant vascular structure, we developed a polymer composite with a vertical vascular bundle structure via a sacrificial template method and subsequent assembly of transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXene) nanosheets and phytic acid (PA) coordinated cobalt ions (Co2+) complex. The embedded MXene and PA@Co exhibit multilayer multiscale structural features, forming heat transfer channels and protective cells within the composite. The resultant composites possess high out-of-plane thermal conductivity (∼1.54 W‧m−1‧k−1) and excellent flame retardancy, including self-extinguishing, and significantly reduced heat and smoke release. Interestingly, the MXene vascular bundle structure imparts heat early warning capabilities and intelligent damage self-detection, suggesting an effective means of preventing early-stage fires and real-time monitoring of composite structural and functional integrity. Such biomimetic strategies enable new insights into the designing of multifunctional, intelligent polymer composites.

Simultaneous enhancement in mechanical properties and flame retardancy of reed charcoal/polypropylene composites by graphene oxide interfacial modification

Biochar/polypropylene composites (BPCs) have great potential in automobiles and building materials due to their ease of processing and light weight. However, the inferior interfacial bonding strength between biochar and polypropylene (PP) and flammability of PP often result in the weak mechanical properties and poor flame retardancy of BPCs, which limit the practical applications of BPCs. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) is used as an active interfacial modifier to prepare graphene-reed charcoal/polypropylene (G-RC/PP) composites. Benefiting from the mechanical interlocking effect formed by GO, the G-RC/PP composites exhibit higher tensile and flexural strengths. When 1 % of GO was added (relative to mass of RC), the tensile and flexural strengths were 22.84 MPa and 50.8 MPa, respectively, which are 16 % and 22.7 % higher than pure PP. Additionally, the barrier-adsorption-dilution synergetic effects of GO enhance both the thermal stability and flame retardance of the composites. The total heat release rate of G-RC/PP composites is reduced by 71.6 % compared to RC/PP when GO was added at 1 %, resulting in a substantial reduction in fire hazards. This study offers a fresh perspective on the development of biochar/plastic composites with exceptional mechanical properties and high fire safety towards extensive applications as automotive parts and building structures.

Chameleon‐Inspired, Dipole Moment‐Increasing, Fire‐Retardant Strategies Toward Promoting the Practical Application of Radiative Cooling Materials

AbstractToward addressing the aesthetic demand, IR emissivity, and fire hazards of radiative cooling materials in the practical application, chameleon‐inspired is tactfully employed, dipole moment‐increasing, and fire‐retardant strategies to manufacture an advanced polyurea‐based composite coating through incorporating thermochromic microcapsules, boron nitride nanosheets, and montmorillonite nanosheets. The chameleon‐inspired thermochromic microcapsules and admirable IR emissivity (supported by the original IR emittance spectra) realized by the increasing dipole moment allow the composite coatings to spontaneously adjust the solar absorption and reflection during hot daytime, while enabling high‐efficiency radiative cooling throughout the day. The IR emissivity higher than most literature is attributed to the strong interfacial interactions within polyurea composite coatings which improve the dipole moment of C─O─C, Si─O, and B─N bonds by increasing the distance between the centers of positive and negative charges, thus producing more IR emissions. Furthermore, the thermally melted montmorillonite nanosheets can form a ceramic protective layer enhanced by boron nitride nanosheets, further suppressing combustion behavior to improve the fire safety performance of polyurea coatings. The integration of thermochromic functionality, high fire safety, and admirable IR emissivity not only contribute to promoting the practical application of radiative cooling materials, but also provide a precious reference route to design high IR emissivity.

Preparation and characterization of biochar/polypropylene composites from recycled waste plastics and agricultural waste-reed straw

To alleviate the increasingly serious plastic pollution problem, developing biomass-plastic composite materials has become a research hotspot. In this study, waste polypropylene (PP) and reed biochar (RC) are used as raw materials to prepare biochar/polypropylene composites (BPCs), and γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550) is used as an interfacial modifier to improve the interficical compatibility between RC and PP. Benefiting from the coupling effect of KH550, the obtained KH550-modified reed charcoal/polypropylene (K-RC/PP) composites exhibit enhanced tensile and bending strengths compared to the RC/PP. When 2.4 wt% of KH550 is applied, the tensile and flexural strengths of K-RC/PP reach 22.77 MPa and 49.6 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the interfacial modification simultaneously improves the thermal stability and hydrophobicity of the composites, which not only significantly reduces the fire risks but also improves the durability of the material. This work provides a feasible solution for developing biochar/plastic composites with excellent mechanical performances and high fire safety.

Effect of diammonium hydrogen phosphate coated with silica on flame retardancy of epoxy resin.

Epoxy resin has become one of the most widely used polymers owing to their excellent comprehensive properties. However, the inherent inflammability of epoxy resin (EP) has seriously limited its application in a range of fields with high fire safety requirements. Herein, a novel shell-core hierarchy architecture (DAP@SiO2) was prepared, composed of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) and in situ grown silica, and its structure and morphology were characterized by electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that silica particles were uniformly coated onto the surface of DAP. The modified DAP was used to reinforce the epoxy resin. The thermal stability of the EP blends was studied with the use of thermogravimetric analysis. The diammonium phosphate in DAP@SiO2 flame retardant produces pyrolysis gases such as NH3 and N2 during decomposition, diluting the concentration of oxygen and flammable volatile products around the flame. Secondly, silica migrates to the surface of epoxy resin to form a shielding layer, forming compounds containing Si-O-Si and O-Si-C structures, which can be cross-linked with other condensed phase products, greatly improving the thermal stability of the carbon layer. Fire behavior was evaluated using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test, and the cone calorimetry, and the flame retardancy mode of action was explained. With 12% of DAP@SiO2 involved, the EP blend passes UL-94 V-0 level, and its limiting oxygen index (LOI) reaches 33.2%. The incorporation of DAP@SiO2 in an EP matrix showed a slight reduction in the heat release and smoke production. The flame retardant mode of the EP polymer shows that its flame retardant and smoke suppression characteristics are related to the interaction of flame retardants in the gas phase and condensed phase. The mechanical properties test results illustrated that the tensile strength, elastic modulus and impact strength of EP/3%DAP@SiO2 are improved compared with pure EP. This is due to the crosslinking reaction between a large number of amino groups on the surface of DAP@SiO2 and the epoxy group on the epoxy resin, which significantly enhances the interfacial compatibility between DAP@SiO2 and epoxy resin, making the combination of DAP@SiO2 and epoxy resin closer.

Polypyrrole-decorated carbonized cotton fabric derived from air atmosphere for tunable electromagnetic interference shielding performance and high fire safety

Polypyrrole-decorated carbonized cotton fabric derived from air atmosphere for tunable electromagnetic interference shielding performance and high fire safety

Strong yet Tough Catalyst-Free Transesterification Vitrimer with Excellent Fire-Retardancy, Durability, and Closed-Loop Recyclability.

Despite great advances in vitrimer, it remains highly challenging to achieve a property portfolio of excellent mechanical properties, desired durability, and high fire safety. Thus, a catalyst-free, closed-loop recyclable transesterification vitrimer (TPN1.50) with superior mechanical properties, durability, and fire retardancy is developed by introducing a rationally designed tertiary amine/phosphorus-containing reactive oligomer (TPN) into epoxy resin (EP). Because of strong covalent interactions between TPN and EP and its linear oligomer structure, as-prepared TPN1.50 achieves a tensile strength of 86.2MPa and a toughness of 6.8MJm-3, superior to previous vitrimer counterparts. TPN1.50 containing 1.50 wt% phosphorus shows desirable fire retardancy, including a limiting oxygen index of 35.2% and a vertical burning (UL-94) V-0 classification. TPN1.50 features great durability and can maintain its structure integrity in 1M HCl or NaOH solution for 100 days. This is because the tertiary amines are anchored within the cross-linked network and blocked by rigid P-containing groups, thus effectively suppressing the transesterification. Owing to its good chemical recovery, TPN1.50 can be used as a promising resin for creating recyclable carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites. This work offers a promising integrated method for creating robust durable fire-safe vitrimers which facilitate the sustainable development of high-performance polymer composites.

Multifunctional ceramifiable silicone foam for smart fire fighting

The development of multifunctional silicone foam with high fire safety is of great significance to realize intelligent fire protection but challenging. Herein, a multifunctional ceramifiable fire-retardant silicone foam (MCSF) was fabricated by Ti3C2Tx nanosheet (MXene), multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), Karstedt catalyst (Pt) and vinyl dimethylsiloxane via water–oil interface induced self-assembly and dehydrogenation foaming at room temperature. MCSF possessed low density and good mechanical properties. Its improved thermoelectric performance and sensitive fire-warning capability of MCSF were attributed to the skeleton supporting effect and unique electron transport effect between MWCNT and MXene. When being burned, MCSF was able to trigger the fire-warning system within 2.4 s and repeatedly alarm the fire reignition. Furthermore, owing to the synergism between APTES and Pt, MCSF exhibited good ceramization performance. When encountered high temperature, the MCSF surface rapidly ceramized, generating a ceramic-like barrier layer to block the further flame ablation, and it quickly self-extinguished after removing from flame. Besides, MCSF showed impressive thermal insulation and durable piezoresistive sensing. This work provides a new strategy for the preparation and application of multifunctional fireproof polymer foams.

Interface chemistry-induced organic-inorganic phosphorus-based hybrid for high fire safety epoxy resin

The organic-inorganic phosphorus-based hybrid flame retardants are attractive owing to the high efficiency in promoting flame retardancy and suppressing the smoke and toxic gases, yet their preparation has been seldom reported. Herein, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was decorated by organophosphorus triazole (D-ATA) with Fe (III) as the medium through the interfacial coordination strategy for the construction of the hybrid (APP@FeDT), which was expected to address the issues related to the combustibility, harmful smoke and toxic gases of epoxy resin (EP). APP@FeDT showed better compatibility in EP than APP owing to the enhanced roughness and organophosphorus-based triazolyl. Compared to pristine EP, EP with 6 wt% APP@FeDT achieved the UL-94 V-0 rating and the LOI of 29.6 %, and its PHRR, THR and TSP were reduced by 81.4 %, 64.1 % and 66.5 %, respectively. Generally, this work provides a feasible strategy for the preparation of phosphorus-based hybrid flame retardant and reveals its potential application in high fire safety polymers.

Enhancing flame retardant wood’s versatility and adjustable properties through multi-scale micro-coating strategy

Wood, a naturally renewable material with a porous structure and breathability, rendering it a green construction material that can absorb sound, isolate heat and regulate moisture. Efforts to enhance wood’s resistance to combustion while maintaining its porous nature are hindered by the potential impact of physical and chemical treatments on its porous structure, posing a challenge in achieving flame-retardant wood that retains its breathability. Inspired by the multi-layer coating decoration method used on walls of various rooms in frame structure buildings, the study applies multi-scale micro-coating strategy to the multi-scale microstructure of wood. This strategy applied polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate (PAP), metal ions (Al3+/ Mg2+/ Ca2+), and alkali solutions to create a persistent multifunctional protective coating for the multi-scale wood structure. This coating effectively preserved the wood’s vessel, ray tissue, cell cavity, and pit structure, protecting its permeability. The modified wood demonstrated an increased limited oxygen value from 19.7 % to 38.4 % and a 55.9 % decrease in the total smoke release compared to natural wood, obtaining high fire safety. Furthermore, the modified wood exhibited adjustable antibacterial, photoaging-resistant and corrosion resistance properties depends on the type of metal. This strategy demonstrated proven reliability, versatility, and durability in the treatment of various metal ions, enabling the production of functional wood with tailored properties.

Flame-retardant reinforced halloysite nanotubes as multi-functional fillers for PEO-based polymer electrolytes

High ionic conductivity, fire safety, and broad electrochemical windows are crucial considerations for the next generation of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) employed in solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Based on these factors, we design a novel nanohybrid filler by loading a phosphazene-based flame retardant into halloysite nanotubes (HNT@FPPN). A 36 % reduction in the peak heat release rate (pHRR) confirms the enhanced fire safety of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based PEO-5HNT@FPPN SPE. Besides, the PEO-5HNT@FPPN electrolyte exhibits an enhanced ionic conductivity of 1.82 × 10-4 S cm−1 at 45 °C. The improved ionic conductivity is attributed to the plasticization effect of nanohybrids, which reduces the crystallinity and aids the motion of PEO chains. After 100 cycles, the as-fabricated Li/PEO-5HNT@FPPN/LiFePO4 cell shows stable cycling at 0.1C with a specific discharge capacity of 145 mAh/g. These findings demonstrate the unique properties of modified PEO SPEs, which may open new pathways for designing safer electrolytes.

Flame retardant, toughened, reinforced, transparent and long shelf-life one-component epoxy resins via a P/N/Si-containing hyperbranched polymer

One-component epoxy resins (OCEPs) cured from latent imidazole-based curing agents that exhibit high toughness, high strength, high fire safety, long shelf life, low dielectric properties and transparency are eagerly awaited in advanced manufacturing. However, existing research on latent imidazole-based curing agents/OCEPs mainly focuses on simultaneously improving their flame retardancy and shelf life, but neglects their poor toughness, strength and dielectric properties, and often compromises their transparency. Herein, a hyperbranched polymer (Si-DP) containing P/N/Si was fabricated to further improve the flame retardancy, toughness, strength and dielectric properties of EP10 (the transparent OCEPs comprising the latent imidazole-based curing agent PHI-HPP). EP10 containing Si-DP (EP10/Si-DP) boasted a shelf life longer than 81 days. The synergistic flame-retardant effect of P, N and Si elements enabled EP10/Si-DP3 to achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating with a limiting oxygen index of 33.9 %, the peak heat release rate and total smoke production of EP10/Si-DP5 were reduced by 44.4 % and 25.5 %, respectively, compared with EP10. The increased free volume and Si-O flexible bonds resulted in a 261.1 % higher impact strength of EP10/Si-DP5 than EP10. The excellent interfacial bonding of Si-DP with epoxy resins and the increased rigidity groups led to 74.0 % and 60.7 % higher tensile and flexural strengths of EP10/Si-DP5 than EP10, respectively. The intramolecular cavities and the low-polar Si-C bonds of Si-DP reduced the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of EP10/Si-DP. Meanwhile, EP10/Si-DP maintained inherent excellent transparency and high glass transition temperature (Tg). Carbon fiber epoxy composites prepared from EP10/Si-DP5 exhibited remarkable improvement in flame retardancy, smoke suppression as well as mechanical and interfacial performances. Overall, this research proposes an effective approach for preparing long shelf-life OCEPs with excellent overall performance.

Construction of durable flame retardant, anti-dripping, and smoke-suppressing recycled polyester fabric

Recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (R-PET) fabrics offer a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to virgin PET but exhibit high flammability and increased smoke emission. In this study, magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (nano-Mg(OH)2) with the particle size of 53 nm were synthesized and combined with cyclic phosphate ester through high-temperature and high-pressure immersion technology. The organic‒inorganic flame retardant (FR) agents were expected to penetrate the R-PET fibers, thus achieving high washing durability for flame retardancy and smoke suppression. The surface structural performance of nano-Mg(OH)2 and the smoke and heat suppression capacity, FR performance, mechanism and laundering resistance of the modified R-PET samples were also explored. The organic‒inorganic FR system significantly improved the FR properties and anti-dripping ability of R-PET while significantly reducing smoke and heat generation. Moreover, the modified R-PET fabrics exhibited self-extinguishing ability even after 40 washes, indicating their high washing resistance. The organic‒inorganic FR system was effective in both gas and condensed phase, providing multilevel fire safety. This study provides efficient and durable FR-functionalized R-PET fabrics with low smoke suppression and high fire safety.

Hydrophobic micro-crosslinked sulfonated polystyrene flame retardant for simultaneous fire safety, transparency and high performance of polycarbonate

Sulfonate is considered to be the best flame retardant, which can endow polycarbonate (PC) excellent flame retardancy with low addition. Unfortunately, the water absorption and solubility of sulfonate will increase the cost of transportation and storage. In addition, sulfonate flame retardant is easy to migrate and precipitate from PC composites resulting in a negative impact on the sustainable use of PC materials. To ameliorate this issue, a sulfonate flame retardant (CSPS) with unparalleled hydrophobicity and thermal stability was synthesized through the incorporation of sodium p-styrene sulfonate as the main chain of crosslinked polystyrene. The PC/CSPS composites could pass UL 94 test V-0 rating with 0.3 wt.% CSPS addition, and the LOI is increased from 24.5 % to 31.4 %. Simultaneously, the PC/CSPS composites preserve their initial transparency. Moreover, the combustion test results indicated that the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and the peak of smoke production rate (PSPR) of PC/CSPS-0.3 composites decreased by 40 % and 41 % respectively, and the time to reach PHRR and PSPR increased by 35.8 % and 56.5 % respectively. These results were attributed to the catalytic char formation and gas phase limitation of CSPS, which made PC composites with higher fire safety. Importantly, the PC/CSPS-0.3 composites can maintain tensile strength similar to that of PC. This research proposes a simplified and efficient methodology for fabricating PC composites with outstanding water resistance, flame retardancy, transparency, and mechanical fortitude, which is of considerable importance for the application of PC composites in emerging fields.

Enhanced thermal conductivity of CS/BN/Ti3O5 coatings to promote electron transport for ultra-sensitive fire sensing

Intelligent fire warning system is a crucial protective equipment reduce fire hazards. A recent increasing concern is the development of sensitive fire warning materials that can be integrated with combustible materials to provide real-time alarms in the fire. However, current research on improving the sensitivity of fire warning sensors based on temperature-resistance response focuses on constructing continuous conductive networks. The effect of the heat transfer process is ignored, which limits the further improvement of alarm sensitivity. Here, we developed a strategy to improve thermal conductivity. Based on the chitosan (CS) conductive network in Ti3O5-based fire sensing system, aminated 2D h-BN nanosheets with high temperature resistance and ultrahigh in-plane thermal conductivity were further introduced. The h-BN improves the thermal conductivity of the fire warning coating from 1.43 W/m·K to 2.29 W/m·K. Intelligent fire warning sensors with ultra-sensitivity (1.16 s), low response temperature (170 °C), duration time (12 min) and durability (100 cycles) were successfully prepared by improving thermal conductivity to rapidly transfer heat to Ti3O5, which leads to a rapid decrease in resistance as the core mechanism. This work proposed an ingenious strategy for the construction of high fire safety and thermal conduction fireproof coatings, which revealed enticing prospects in the field of intelligent coatings.

A 2D biobased P/N-containing aggregate for boosting fire retardancy of PA6/aluminum diethylphosphinate via synergy

Engineering polyamide 6 (PA6) is preferred for its superior mechanical properties, yet the intrinsic flammability restricts its industrial applications. As one of the biomass phosphorus-containing chemicals, phytic acid (PA) is favorable for its high phosphorus content and aggregation ability, making it expected to enhance the fire retardancy of PA6. Herein, a melamine-phytate aggregate (MPA) is prepared by electrostatic interaction in aqueous solution, and applied as a synergist for aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) in PA6. The strong synergistic effect exists between ADP and MPA towards PA6, especially when their mass ratio is 3:1 and the total loading is 18 wt%. Compared to the neat PA6, this formula allows for remarkable decreases in peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and maximum average heat release rate (MARHE) by ∼ 48 %, ∼ 27 %, and ∼ 30 %, respectively, as well as a high synergistic efficiency of ∼ 43 % in PHRR. This PA6 composite also presents a V-0 rating in the vertical burning (UL-94) test and a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 29.7 %. This work offers an eco-friendly strategy for developing bio-based P/N fire-retardant aggregates for fabricating PA6 materials with high fire safety.

A Gas-Steamed Route to Mesoporous Open Metal-Organic Framework Cages Enhancing Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of Polyurea.

Up to now, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with open nanostructures have shown outstanding capabilities in trapping smoke particles compared to the original MOFs. However, only a few MOF-based strategies have been reported to synthesize hierarchical porous cages thus far, which are mainly restricted to environmentally unfriendly wet-chemical liquid methods. Herein, as a proof-of-concept, a gas-steamed metal-organic framework approach was designed to fabricate a series of cheeselike open cages with hierarchical porosity. Briefly, zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) and phytic acid were employed as precursor and etchant, respectively. Abandoning the conventional wet-chemical method, the coordination bond of ZIF-67 was cleaved by acidic steam, forming an open framework with a high specific surface area and a hierarchical porous structure. The universality of this method was also confirmed by the selection of different etchants. Impressively, they also show outstanding fume-toxic adsorption capability and labyrinth effects based on abundant and complex porous channels. At only 5 wt % loading, Co3O4@open ZIF-67 cage-2 (Co3O4@OZC-2) imparted polyurea (PUA) composites with a 21.2% limiting oxygen index, and the peak of heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production were reduced by around 37.5, 25.5, and 40.4%, respectively, compared to neat PUA. This work will shed light on the advanced structural design of polymer composites with high fire safety, especially smoke suppression performance, so as to obtain more feasible applications.

Properties of Electrolytes for Li – ion Batteries with Higher Fire Safety

In modern Li – ion batteries are used, as part of the electrolyte organic solvents, which are flammable. In this work we are investigate the influence of different solvents and their mixtures on the flashpoint due find a solvent with increase the safety of such battery. We are taking the flashpoint as main safety parameter. Other properties that we observed are the specific conductivity and permittivity with both are important for solvent classification as appropriate for electrolytes usability. Another property for useable electrolytes is the melting point temperature and the temperature work window for lithium - ion batteries. In this paper it will be presented some properties of these mixtures from new solvents with commonly used solvents for aprotic electrolytes.