High Levels Of Consumption Research Articles

Biomarkers for Prediction of Alcohol-Related Liver Cirrhosis: A General Population–Based Swedish Study of 537,250 Individuals

The study sought to examine which biomarkers have the best predictive capabilities for future alcohol-related liver cirrhosis (ARLC) in a general population setting. This population-based cohort study includes approximately 35% of the inhabitants of Stockholm County who had left a blood sample at an outpatient visit in primary care or occupational health screening from 1985 to 1996. All subjects with a blood sample measurement of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were included, exclusions were made for persons with known liver disease. We ascertained incident ARLC by linkage to Swedish national health registers between to the end of 2011. Associations between biomarkers and incident ARLC were analyzed with Cox regression models and discrimination was assessed using C-statistics. In all, 537,230 adult subjects were included. The mean age was 45 years and 53% were men. During a mean follow-up of 19.0 years, 2725 (0.51%) subjects developed ARLC. The biomarkers with the highest discrimination (C-index) for incident ARLC at 5 years were: AST (0.89), mean corpuscular volume (0.88), and γ-glutamyltransferase (0.81). Scoring systems including Fibrosis-4 (0.86) and the AST/alanine aminotransferase ratio (0.81) performed similarly well. The negative predictive value for ARLC was generally high (∼99.6%) across biomarkers, using routine clinical cutoffs to identify pathological values. However, positive predictive values were generally low (0.6%-15.9%). Biomarkers commonly used in primary care settings are highly associated with incident ARLC in the general population. Elevation of these commonly available biomarkers should prompt consideration of further investigation of a possible high level of alcohol consumption.

Cosmetic Education Regarding the Making and Use of Hair Serum in Teenagers to Young Adults

Indonesia is a relatively large market for the cosmetics industry in the hair care category. Teenagers and young adults are among the dominant segments in cosmetic consumption. Hair and scalp problems often experienced are hair loss and unhealthy hair structure. This problem can be overcome with hair serum. This dosage form is attractive because it can be purchased freely and is quite promising due to its high active substance content. Various types of hair serums are available on the market so that they can be adjusted based on user preferences. The high level of public consumption of hair serum needs to be balanced with education regarding hair serum. The education process uses lecture and workshop methods related to identifying hair problems, the nutrition needed by hair, and the types and formulation of hair serum. The workshop was conducted directly by involving participants in producing the hair serum. The educational process was attended by 24 students aged 19-22 years, 21% coming from outside Atma Jaya and 79% from internal Atma Jaya. Gender includes 19% of men and the rest of women. The educational process increased the understanding of 92% of participants, with an average score from 5.9 to 9.75. As many as 96% of participants were very interested and stated that this workshop supported the theory that had been given to make it easier to understand.

Willingness To Pay Generasi Muda Terhadap Sayuran Organik di Wilayah Bogor dan Tasikmalaya

The younger generation is the generation that has awareness of the environment and health. This generation tends to choose clean, organic, and natural foods. Organic vegetables are products with the highest consumption level among other organic agricultural products. Organic vegetables generally have a higher price, but are thought to provide more health benefits than non-organic vegetables. The research objectives are (1) to identify young generation’s perceptions of organic vegetables compared to non organic vegetables, (2) to estimate Willingness to Pay (WTP) value of organic vegetables, and (3) to analyze the factors that influence WTP. Data collection was carried out by distributing online questionnaires from late February to early May 2023. The number of respondents was 200 respondents spread across the Bogor and Tasikmalaya areas. Data analysis in this research includes factor analysis, Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), and binary logistic regression. The results showed (1) young Generation’s perceptions of organic vegetables included perceived quality of organic vegetable products, perceived benefits of organic vegetables for the environment, perceived trust in organic vegetables, and perceived benefits of organic vegetables for health. (2) Most of the respondents (86%) stated that they were willing to pay for organic vegetables at a higher price and Bogor's WTP value was lower than Tasikmalaya's WTP value. (3) Factors that have a significant effect on respondents' willingness to pay more are perceptions of trust in organic vegetables and perceptions of the benefits of organic vegetables for health.

Is the Self-Categorization of Social Network Consumption Related to Subjective Well-Being? A Longitudinal Study of Spanish Adolescents

The impact of social network consumption on adolescents’ subjective well-being (SWB) has remained a subject of debate in cross-sectional studies, and the understanding of how changing social network consumption patterns affect SWB over time is even more limited. This study adopts an innovative approach, utilizing various measurement scales to assess adolescents’ SWB alongside the evolution of their SSNC patterns. A four-wave longitudinal study was conducted involving 341 participants aged 9 to 14 from Spain. The findings indicate that as adolescents age, their perception of SSNC increases, while SWB declines over time. Adolescents categorizing themselves as low consumers of social networks consistently exhibited higher SWB scores than those with medium and high consumption levels. Notably, the relationship between SSNC and SWB showed variations depending on the measurement scale used. An analysis of the evolution of social network consumption profiles (SNCPs) revealed four distinct profiles, although these were not linked to changes in SWB over time. Finally, participants with an extreme consumption profile consistently exhibited significantly lower SWB scores. These findings underscore the importance of continuously monitoring social media use and its effects on SWB, especially within subgroups displaying more extreme consumption patterns, an insight that has implications for preventive interventions.

Reducing Electric Vehicles Charging Costs Utilizing Optimal Control Method Based on Diverse Charging Patterns

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) present a promising solution for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and conserving natural oil reserves. However, the growing number of PEVs connected to the electric grid raises concerns regarding the reliable and safe operation of the network. This concern stems from the fact that the charging operation of electric vehicles (EVs) involves a significantly high level of electricity consumption due to the size of EVs' battery charging period. Unscheduled charging activities can lead to increased electricity consumption, increase in PEV charging costs and overload on the distribution grid. To address this issue, this paper proposes a coordinated charging schedule for PEVs, utilizing an optimized EV battery charging model with an optimal control method that deals with finding the best possible control signal for a dynamic system over period of time aiming to optimize a particular performance index, while satisfying various constraints such as boundary condition, state, and control path. The results demonstrate that the proposed optimized charging schedule reduces charging costs by up to 21% compared to an unscheduled charging pattern. Index Terms— Charging cost, coordinated charging, optimal control, plug-in electric vehicle, penetration level, unscheduled charging.

Effect of maternal aflatoxin exposure on growth and morbidity of infants 0 to 3 months

Aflatoxin exposure has been implicated in adverse human health outcomes in areas where the toxin is prevalent in foods [1]. Consequently, many people may be chronically exposed to large amounts of the toxin worldwide. The effect of aflatoxin exposure is felt more in developing countries and this may be attributed to high levels of malnutrition coupled with chronic exposure to high levels of the toxin in their diets [2]. Consumption of high levels of aflatoxins has been associated with aflatoxicosis resulting in death, while chronic dietary exposure to aflatoxins is associated with liver and other cancers and poor growth outcomes in young children [3]. Exposure of infants to aflatoxins may be detrimental to their normal growth and other aspects of health later in life. Early linear growth retardation is associated with poor cognitive development, reduced physical productivity, a greater risk of poor pregnancy outcomes later in life, including low birth weight babies and a greater risk of obesity, coronary heart disease, diabetes and hypertension later in life [3]. Therefore, protection of fetuses, infants and young children from the effects of aflatoxins through maternal exposure would not only reduce the risk of them not realizing their cognitive potential, but also contribute to reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases whose prevalence is on the rise, not just in developed countries, but also in developing countries.

Mechanisms behind high N2O emissions from livestock enclosures in Kenya revealed by dual-isotope and functional gene analyses

Livestock manure contributes to global warming due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). In the arid and semi-arid lands of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), extensive pastoral grazing systems are common, with cattle grazing in the savanna during the day and kept in enclosures (called bomas in Kenya) during the night. Manure is usually not removed from bomas but left to accumulate, leading to excessive local nitrogen loads, making these bomas an overlooked N2O emission hotspot in SSA that is currently not accounted for in national and regional GHG budgets. Here, we present the first in-situ isotope measurements of N2O fluxes from 37 cattle bomas along an age gradient ranging from 0 to 5 years after boma abandonment in Kenya along with functional gene analysis of soil and manure samples. The isotopic composition of the emitted N2O from bomas suggests that on average 91 ± 8% N2O was produced via bacterial denitrification and/or nitrifier denitrification, with little variation across boma age class. We also found high levels of N2O reduction to N2 across all sample sites (81 ± 9%), indicating high levels of N2O consumption. The abundances of denitrification-related genes (nirK and narG) were significantly higher than those of nitrification-related genes (amoA: AOA and AOB) in the cattle manure samples taken from the bomas, corroborating N2O emissions largely being attributed to denitrification. Significant abundance of the reduction-related gene (nosZ) also corroborated the high potential for microbial N2O reduction in bomas. Thus, by combining dual-isotope and functional gene analysis, we were able to identify source processes that govern N2O emissions from these systems. More generally, making use of the manure by spreading it in the vicinity of the bomas or on dedicated forage plots could provide a win-win by enhancing savanna productivity while simultaneously mitigating GHG emissions.

New Exploration of Industrial Structure Upgrading under the Wave of Digital Finance

Based on the panel data of cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2011 to 2021, Through the two-way fixed effect model, this paper explores the mechanisms, effects and heterogeneity of digital finance development in promoting the upgrading of industrial structure. The results show that digital finance can significantly promote the upgrading of industrial structure, among which innovation and entrepreneurship is an important transmission path, and technology and finance play a key role in the process. Heterogeneity analysis shows that in non-central cities and cities with high consumption level, the promotion effect of digital finance development on industrial structure upgrading is more obvious. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen the construction of digital financial infrastructure, build an innovation-driven entrepreneurial environment, promote, and optimize the consumption environment according to city conditions.

FFT-Based Probability Density Imaging of Euler Solutions.

When using traditional Euler deconvolution optimization strategies, it is difficult to distinguish between anomalies and their corresponding Euler tails (those solutions are often distributed outside the anomaly source, forming "tail"-shaped spurious solutions, i.e., misplaced Euler solutions, which must be removed or marked) with only the structural index. The nonparametric estimation method based on the normalized B-spline probability density (BSS) is used to separate the Euler solution clusters and mark different anomaly sources according to the similarity and density characteristics of the Euler solutions. For display purposes, the BSS needs to map the samples onto the estimation grid at the points where density will be estimated in order to obtain the probability density distribution. However, if the size of the samples or the estimation grid is too large, this process can lead to high levels of memory consumption and excessive computation times. To address this issue, a fast linear binning approximation algorithm is introduced in the BSS to speed up the computation process and save time. Subsequently, the sample data are quickly projected onto the estimation grid to facilitate the discrete convolution between the grid and the density function using a fast Fourier transform. A method involving multivariate B-spline probability density estimation based on the FFT (BSSFFT), in conjunction with fast linear binning appropriation, is proposed in this paper. The results of two random normal distributions show the correctness of the BSS and BSSFFT algorithms, which is verified via a comparison with the true probability density function (pdf) and Gaussian kernel smoothing estimation algorithms. Then, the Euler solutions of the two synthetic models are analyzed using the BSS and BSSFFT algorithms. The results are consistent with their theoretical values, which verify their correctness regarding Euler solutions. Finally, the BSSFFT is applied to Bishop 5X data, and the numerical results show that the comprehensive analysis of the 3D probability density distributions using the BSSFFT algorithm, derived from the Euler solution subset of x0,y0,z0, can effectively separate and locate adjacent anomaly sources, demonstrating strong adaptability.

Alcohol Intake and Risk of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Nonexperimental Cohort Studies.

Alcohol consumption has been associated with higher blood pressure and an increased risk of hypertension. However, the possible exposure thresholds and effect-modifiers are uncertain. We assessed the dose-response relationship between usual alcohol intake and hypertension incidence in nonexperimental cohort studies. After performing a systematic literature search through February 20, 2024, we retrieved 23 eligible studies. We computed risk ratios and 95% CI of hypertension incidence using a nonlinear meta-analytic model based on restricted cubic splines, to assess the dose-response association with alcohol consumption. We observed a positive and almost linear association between alcohol intake and hypertension risk with risk ratios of 0.89 (0.84-0.94), 1.11 (1.07-1.15), 1.22 (1.14-1.30), and 1.33 (1.18-1.49) for 0, 24, 36 and 48 g/d, respectively, using 12 g alcohol/d as the reference value. In sex-specific analyses, the association was almost linear in men over the entire range of exposure but only observed above 12 g/d in women, although with a steeper association at high levels of consumption compared with men. The increased risk of hypertension above 12 to 24 g alcohol/d was similar in Western and Asian populations and considerably greater in White than in Black populations, mainly due to the positive association in women at moderate-to-high intake. Overall, our results lend support to a causal association between alcohol consumption and risk of hypertension, especially above an alcohol intake of 12 g/d, and are consistent with recommendations to avoid or limit alcohol intake. Sex and ethnicity appear to be major effect-modifiers of such association.

Factors That Influence People's Interest In Using Sharia Banking Products

Financial Literacy is knowledge, skills and beliefs that influence attitudes and behavior aimed at achieving prosperity by being financially intelligent in management and decision making. Based on observations made by researchers of the people of Tano Tombangan Angkola District, several problems were found, including lack of understanding, awareness of saving and very poor financial management with the high level of consumption of the people of Tano Tombangan, Angkola District, being one of the problems. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of financial literacy and digital marketing on people's interest in using sharia banking products. This research is quantitative research using primary data. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire. Sampling in this study used the Accidental Sampling technique with a sample size of 94 people determined using the Taro Yamane formula. The data analysis methods used are normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, coefficient of determination test, multiple linear regression test, t test and F test. The t test results show that there is an influence of Financial Literacy and Digital Marketing on Community Interest in Using Sharia Bank Products (Case Study in Tano Tombangan Angkola District). Hopefully this research will contribute to banks in increasing their customers.

Machine Learning-Based Extraction Method for Marine Load Cycles with Environmentally Sustainable Applications

The current lack of harmonized standard test conditions for marine shipping hinders the comparison of performance and compliance assessments for different types of ships. This article puts forward a method for extracting ship loading cycles using machine learning algorithms. Time-series data are extracted from real ships in operation, and a segmented linear approximation method and a data normalization technique are adopted. A hierarchical-clustering type of soft dynamic time-warping similarity analysis method is presented to efficiently analyze the similarity of different time-series data, using soft dynamic time warping (Soft-DTW) combined with hierarchical clustering algorithms from the field of machine learning. The problem of data bias caused by spatial and temporal offset characteristics is effectively solved in marine test condition data. The validity and reliability of the proposed method are validated through the analysis of case data. The results demonstrate that the hierarchically clustered soft dynamic time-warping similarity analysis method can be considered reliable for obtaining test cases with different characteristics. Furthermore, it provides input conditions for effectively identifying the operating conditions of different types of ships with high levels of energy consumption and high emissions, thus allowing for the establishment of energy-saving and emissions-reducing sailing strategies.

ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN HOT-DRY AND HOT-HUMID REGIONS OF IRAN

Iran is characterized by a diverse climate spectrum, covering a temperate and humid climate in the north of the country and in the coastal areas of the Caspian Sea, a cold climate in the west and in the Zagros mountain range, as well as hot dry and hot-humid conditions prevailing in the central part , in the east, in the Persian Gulf region and in the south of the country. This article focuses on the analysis of architectural features of school buildings in hot-dry and hot-humid regions of Iran, taking into account the specifics of the climate of these areas. The main attention is paid to effective orientation of buildings in relation to the sun, optimization of air conditioning systems, adaptation of lighting to the needs of educational spaces, use of green spaces to create shading, as well as selection of the form and design of school interiors and selection of appropriate building materials. Architectural solutions determined by the climatic features of these regions are being considered in order to increase energy efficiency and ensure user comfort. Considering that schools belong to the category of buildings with a high level of energy consumption, such as electricity, water and gas, adaptation of architectural design to climatic conditions can significantly reduce energy costs. The article offers an overview of suitable climate-adapted architectural solutions for school buildings in certain regions of Iran, emphasizing the importance of an integrated design approach in the context of modern requirements for energy efficiency and sustainable development.

Mitigating Identity Threat in Health Messaging: A Social Identity Complexity Perspective

ABSTRACT Health messages aiming to reduce red meat consumption may threaten multiple social identities because people’s dietary choices are intertwined with personal, social, and cultural aspects of their lives. Leveraging social identity theory and the concept of social identity complexity, this experiment tested how identity-threatening messages affect people’s intention to reduce red meat consumption and how the effect of identity threat may be moderated by messages highlighting the relationships between multiple identities that define a person. Participants (N = 409) read messages that varied identity threat (i.e. the extent to which people feel devalued because of their membership in a social group) and identity complexity (i.e. the extent to which people perceive multiple identities as independent). The study found that identity-threatening messages decreased intentions to reduce red meat consumption when people perceived their dietary identity as overlapping with other identities, but increased the intentions when the dietary identity was seen as independent from other identities. Further, the effects of identity threat and complexity were limited to people with high (vs. low) levels of red meat consumption. We discuss the role of identity complexity in alleviating identity threat and increasing persuasion.

Decarbonizing Indian Steel

India is the second largest steel producer in the world around 120 MT of crude steel in 2021-2022. The National Steel Policy envisages increasing crude steel capacity to 300 MT by 2030-2031. Steel is an essential sector for developing economy like India. On the other hand, this is one of the most energy intensive and polluting sectors. Steel production consumes around 20% of global industrial energy and contributes 7% CHG (2.6 Gt CO2/yr.). India is signatory to the UNFCCC Paris agreement whose goal is to keep the rise in mean global temperature well below 2oC above pre-industrial level. India Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) is pledged to (a) to reduce emission intensity to its GDP by 33-35 % by 2030 from the 2005 level and (b) to achieve about 40% cumulative electric power installed capacity from renewable source. The high level of energy consumption and CHG emission of steel production is largely driven by primary BF-BOF route which uses carbon as the iron ore reductant and accounts for approximately 70% of total production and only 5% is produced by Directly Reducing Iron (DRI) followed by refinement in Electric Arc Furnace (EAF). Switching to 100% H2 will mitigate CO2 emission.

Enhanced boron removal without pre-pH adjustment via redox-mediated electrodialysis assisted by ion-exchange resins

Boron presents challenges in desalination owing to its small size and lack of charge. While various methods, such as reverse osmosis, capacitive deionization, and electrodeionization, have been utilized to control boron, they often suffer from high levels of energy consumption and complex processes requiring pH adjustment to generate the charged form of boron. Herein, we introduce a novel approach, i.e., redox-mediated electrodialysis (redox-ED) assisted by ion-exchange resins, aimed at energy-efficient boron control without requiring pH adjustment. Our system displays a remarkable boron removal efficiency of 99% with a low energy consumption of 0.009 kWh/g (0.09 kWh/m3). These results are likely due to the dissociation of water on the surface of the ion-exchange resins, which led to a local pH gradient and reduced systemic resistance through additional ion flux. Furthermore, via techno-economic analysis, the total cost of the redox-ED for boron removal revealed a 50% reduction with the scale-up strategy of electrode stacking, compared to those of traditional EDI systems. Overall, this study demonstrates the new potential of a sustainable boron removal technology without pH adjustment through the redox-ED system assisted by ion-exchange resins, providing an attractive option applicable to the boron removal industry.

HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI MAKANAN SIAP SAJI DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT DIARE DI SD NEGERI 101800 KECAMATAN DELI TUA KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG

Elementary school -age children eating fast food is a problem that is a major concern in the community, especially foods that contain dangerous chemicals in the canteen, and food sellers around the school are important agents that make children eating unhealthy foods. and cause diarrhea for children. This study aims to The Relationship Between Fast Food Consumption And Incidence Of Diarrhea In Sd Negeri 101800, Deli Tua Sub District, Deli Serdang District. This a study using analytical observational design with a cross sectional study approach. The population of this study was a student of SD Negeri 101800 totaling 294 students with 75 student as sample. Sampling used in this study was stratifield random sampling. Data analysis use Chi Square. The results of this study indicate the distribution of the frequency of consumption of fast food 75 respondents (100%), as many as 43 students (57.3%) have a high level of consumption of fast food and there are 32 students (42.7%) with the level of consumption of fast food The low one. The frequency distribution of 44 students diarrhea (58.7%) experienced diarrhea and as many as 31 students (41.3%) did not experience diarrhea. Chi Square test results obtained significant data with P-value = 0,000 p-value <0.05. It can be concluded from the results of this study, that there is a relationship of consumption of fast food with the incidence of diarrhea in SD Negeri 101800 Deli Tua Sub District, Deli Serdang District in 2023. Suggestions from the results of this study are that teachers are expected to provide support so that children have good snack habits and pay more attention to the cleanliness of places selling snacks around or outside school.

Antioxidant Activity, Glycemic Response, and Functional Properties of Rice Cooked with Red Palm Oil.

High rice consumption levels accompanied by a lifestyle lacking in physical activity leads to obesity and diabetes due to the rice consumed generally has high digestibility and high glycemic index. Red palm oil (RPO) is a vegetable oil suggested to have the potential to reduce starch digestibility and increase the bioactive compounds of rice. This research aimed to find out the best cooking method to produce rice with a sensory quality similar to regular rice and to study the effect of the best cooking method on the glycemic response and physicochemical properties of rice. The results showed that RPO addition increased the antioxidant activities and total carotenoid levels of rice. The addition of RPO after cooking has better antioxidant activity and total carotenoid than before cooking. Adding 2% RPO before or after cooking produced rice with similar or better sensory quality than regular rice. Rice cooked with 2% RPO added before cooking had a lower glycemic response than regular rice, which was suggested to be caused by the increasing formation of the amylose lipid complex and the triglycerides that protected the starch from amylase enzyme. The formation of the amylose lipid complex and triglyceride layers protecting rice starch was confirmed by the new peaks of the FTIR spectra, the appearance of oil-coated starch morphology, and the changes in the proportion of C and O atoms. In conclusion, the addition of 2% RPO before the cooking process can be considered as a cooking method to produce rice for diabetic patients.

Early life consumption of a "processed" diet high in advanced glycation end products impairs memory function and alters the gut microbiome in rats

Recent evidence indicates that “ultra-processed” foods constitute ~65% of total energy intake among children in the U.S. The impacts of excessive processed food consumption during development are poorly understood, in part because there are neither clear definitions of, nor a robust classification system accounting for, the complexity of food processing variables and how they interrelate in final food products. Heat treatment, a common form of food processing, can induce the chemical Maillard reaction and lead to foods rich in advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The neurocognitive implications of high levels of AGE consumption, particularly during early life, are unknown. Here, we used a rat model to evaluate the effects of adolescent consumption of a heat-treated diet high in AGEs on cognition and the gut microbiome in adulthood. In a series of studies, rats received either an otherwise healthy AGE-rich diet (AGE rats; AIN-93G diet heated at 160ºC for 60min) or a non-AGE-rich diet (CTL rats; AIN-93G diet without heat treatment) during adolescence (postnatal days 26-60). Metabolic, behavioral, and gut microbiome assessments were performed in adulthood. Results revealed that AGE rats exhibited hippocampal (HPC)-dependent memory deficits relative to CTL rats in the absence of altered body weight, body composition, glucose tolerance, and behavioral measures of anxiety. Administering a drug to break down AGEs (alagebrium; 1mg/kg/day) concomitantly with the heat-treated diet prevented memory impairments, supporting a causal role of AGEs in early life diet-induced HPC dysfunction. Microbiome sequencing analyses revealed that AGE rats had substantially reduced abundance of the bacterial genus Lactococcus relative to controls, and Lactococcus abundance was strongly correlated with memory performance. Administration of Lactococcus lactis by oral gavage (109 colony forming units/day) from PN 26-40 during exposure to the heat-treated diet rescued the AGE diet-induced memory impairments. Collective findings from this work identify a connection between a specific food processing variable (i.e., increased dietary AGEs through heat treatment), the gut microbiome, and impaired neurocognition. This work was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases under grant DK123423 (awarded to SEK and AAF); the National Institute on Aging through a Postdoctoral Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award under grant F32AG077932 (awarded to AMRH); and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (awarded to LT). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Screening student drinking behaviors: examining AUDIT criterion validity using CIDI-based alcohol use disorder as the 'gold standard'.

High levels of alcohol consumption among college students have been observed across countries. Heavy drinking episodes are particularly prevalent in this population, making early identification of potentially harmful drinking critical from a public health perspective. Short screening instruments such as the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) are serviceable in this regard. However, there is a need for studies investigating the criterion validity of AUDIT in the student population. The aim was to examine the criterion validity of the full AUDIT and AUDIT-C (the first three items directly gauging consumption patterns) in a sample of college and university students using 12-month prevalence of alcohol use disorder derived from an electronic, self-administered version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview, fifth version (CIDI 5.0), which serves as the 'gold standard'. The study population of the current study is derived from the SHoT study (Students' Health and Wellbeing Study), which is a large national survey of students enrolled in higher education in Norway. In a follow-up study of mental disorders among participants of the SHoT2022 study, students were invited to complete a self-administered electronic version of the CIDI. A random sample of 4,642 participants in the nested CIDI-sample was asked to fill out a set of screening instruments, including AUDIT, before starting CIDI. Based on Youden Index maximization, we estimated the sex-specific optimal cut-offs for AUDIT and AUDIT-C in relation to alcohol use disorder, as determined by CIDI. For the full AUDIT, the optimal cut-offs were 9 for males and 10 for females. The corresponding cut-offs for AUDIT-C were 6 for males and 5 for females. The same optimal cut-offs for both the full AUDIT and AUDIT-C were replicated in bootstrapped analyses with 1,000 runs. The full AUDIT demonstrated acceptable criterion validity with a balance between sensitivity and specificity. However, for AUDIT-C, caution should be exercised when interpreting screening results among college and university students. In conclusion, the full AUDIT is a reliable screening instrument for college and university students, while further modification may be needed for AUDIT-C in this setting.