Abstract
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) present a promising solution for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and conserving natural oil reserves. However, the growing number of PEVs connected to the electric grid raises concerns regarding the reliable and safe operation of the network. This concern stems from the fact that the charging operation of electric vehicles (EVs) involves a significantly high level of electricity consumption due to the size of EVs' battery charging period. Unscheduled charging activities can lead to increased electricity consumption, increase in PEV charging costs and overload on the distribution grid. To address this issue, this paper proposes a coordinated charging schedule for PEVs, utilizing an optimized EV battery charging model with an optimal control method that deals with finding the best possible control signal for a dynamic system over period of time aiming to optimize a particular performance index, while satisfying various constraints such as boundary condition, state, and control path. The results demonstrate that the proposed optimized charging schedule reduces charging costs by up to 21% compared to an unscheduled charging pattern. Index Terms— Charging cost, coordinated charging, optimal control, plug-in electric vehicle, penetration level, unscheduled charging.
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