High Blood Pressure In Patients Research Articles

The relationship between mindfulness, personality factors and perfectionism with anger in hypertensive patients

Background and Objectives: High blood pressure is one of the most common and important threats to human health and is the main cause of premature death all over the world. High blood pressure is caused by psycho-physiological factors. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between mindfulness, personality factors and perfectionism with anger in high blood pressure patients. Material and Methods: This research was a descriptive-cross-sectional and correlational study. The statistical population was the patients with high blood pressure who referred to the medical centers of Tabriz city in 1401. The sample size of the research using Cochran's formula was 184 people who were selected by available method. Research tools were Multidimensional Perfectionism Questionnaire, Spielberger State-Trait Anger Questionnaire, Revised NEO Questionnaire (short form), Brown and Ryan Mindfulness Assessment Scale. Data were analyzed by correlation and regression tests with SPSS-25 software. Results: The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between mindfulness and anger in high blood pressure patients (P<0/05). Among the personality factors, narcissism and conscientiousness have a positive and significant relationship with anger. There is a negative and significant relationship between extroversion, flexibility and agreeableness with anger in high blood pressure patients (P < 0/05). There is a positive and significant relationship between self-oriented, other-oriented and community-oriented perfectionism with anger in high blood pressure patients (P< 0/05). Also, mindfulness, personality factors and perfectionism can predict anger (P<0/05). Conclusion: The results showed that there is a relationship between mindfulness, personality factors and perfectionism with anger. Therefore, by identifying psychological variables such as mindfulness, personality factors and perfectionism and its relationship with anger, blood pressure reduction in patients can be helped.

Prevalence of high blood pressure in periodontal patients: A pilot study.

Arterial hypertension and periodontal diseases are pathologies with a high prevalence worldwide. Recent evidence suggests a possible causal relationship between them. Patients with moderate or severe periodontitis tend to have higher blood pressure measurements and a 30% to 70% higher likelihood of developing hypertension. The aim of this cross-sectional pilot study was to ascertain the prevalence of high blood pressure in patients with periodontitis. The study included 40 patients diagnosed with periodontitis who required non-surgical periodontal treatment. Demographic, periodontal and clinical characteristics, including blood pressure measurements, were registered. Fifteen percent of the patients were classified as hypertensive (n = 6), 67.5% as high-normal (n = 27) and 17.5% as normotensive (n = 7). Recent studies have estimated that the prevalence of highnormal blood pressure in the general population ranges between 30% and 50%. These findings suggest that patients with periodontal disease are more likely to have elevated blood pressure than patients with healthy periodontal tissues. High-normal blood pressure is associated with a 3 times higher likelihood of developing hypertension, so early detection and prevention are crucial public health strategies. Despite the limitations of this pilot study, it highlights the role of dentists in the prevention, diagnosis and blood pressure control to improve health and cardiovascular risk of patients with periodontitis.

High blood pressure prevalence, awareness, treatment, and blood pressure control among Ugandans with rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders.

Rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders (RMDs) are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with hypertension being the most common. We aimed to determine the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP), awareness, treatment, and blood pressure control among patients with RMDs seen in a Rheumatology clinic in Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Rheumatology Clinic of Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH), Kampala, Uganda. Socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and anthropometric data were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using STATA 16 to determine factors associated with HBP in patients with RMDs. A total of 100 participants were enrolled. Of these, majority were female (84%, n = 84) with mean age of 52.1 (standard deviation: 13.8) years and median body mass index of 28 kg/m2 (interquartile range (IQR): 24.8 kg/m2-32.9 kg/m2). The prevalence of HBP was 61% (n = 61, 95% CI: 51.5-70.5), with the majority (77%, n = 47, 95% CI: 66.5-87.6) being aware they had HTN. The prevalence of HTN was 47% (n = 47, 37.2-56.8), and none had it under control. Factors independently associated with HBP were age 46-55years (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-5.95), 56-65 years (aPR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.09-6.15), >65 years (aPR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.02-6.00), obesity (aPR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.79-7.52), overweight (aPR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.29-5.77). There was a high burden of HBP among people with RMDs in Uganda with poor blood pressure control, associated with high BMI and increasing age. There is a need for further assessment of the RMD specific drivers of HBP and meticulous follow up of patients with RMDs.

Blood Pressure Control Following Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers: Insights from a Triple-Blind, Randomized, Clinical Trial.

Data on substituting one antihypertensive medication with the proper dose of another antihypertensive medication, in certain medical conditions, are scarce. Herein, we present the results of replacing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) with the calcium channel blocker (CCB) amlodipine, with or without the alpha- and beta-blocker carvedilol, to control high blood pressure in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Iranian hypertensive patients with COVID-19 and a history of taking ACEI or ARB were randomized to "continue" and "change" groups. The continue group comprised patients who continued using their previous antihypertensive medication regimen as normal, whereas patients in the change group had their antihypertensive drugs changed to the CCB amlodipine, with or without the alpha- and beta-blocker carvedilol, based on their response to amlodipine. Patients' blood pressures were measured for 8days following their recruitment. A total of 31 and 33 patients were randomly allocated to the ACEI/ARB continue and ACEI/ARB change groups, respectively. No significant deviations were seen in patients' systolic blood pressure by substituting an ACEI/ARB agent with the CCB amlodipine, with or without the alpha- and beta-blocker carvedilol. Moreover, the change group had a more balanced systolic blood pressure (ie, 110-130mmHg) compared with the continue group (ie, 111.5-140.0mmHg) throughout their hospitalization period. During their hospitalization, the blood pressure of the change group was well controlled with the proposed equivalent doses. Further investigations of the proposed equivalent doses in larger randomized clinical trials, populations other than Iranian COVID-19 patients, and extended duration are encouraged (clinical trial registration ID: IRCT20151113025025N3).

A smartphone-enabled colorimetric sensor based on Au-CuO nanozyme for visual and quantitative detection of antihypertensive drug hydralazine

In the present study, we have unfolded a smartphone-assisted colorimetric approach for the visual detection of the antihypertensive drug, Hydralazine (Hyz) in the buffer and pharmaceutical samples. The method stands on the oxidase mimetic property of gold-decorated copper oxide (Au-CuO), which is synthesized using a facile one-step chemical reduction process. The synthesis of Au-CuO was successfully concluded using several characterization techniques. Au-CuO showed amplified oxidase mimicking behavior towards 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) which was used as a colorimetric substrate in the subsistence of oxygen dissolved in the reaction medium. Employing the competitive inhibition property of Hyz to TMB, a colorimetric method has been designed for the quantification of Hyz. The method manifested good accuracy and reproducibility in 1 μM–75 μM concentration range with a significant detection limit of 600 nM. Further, the technique was extended for smartphone-based digital image colorimetry (DIC) sensing of Hyz by capturing images of developed color corresponding to different Hyz concentrations with as developed RGB software and their analysis. The work opens a simple approach to medical diagnosis for the visual detection of high blood pressure patients in remote areas.

Benefits of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to Patients with Oral Health

Human body cannot produce omega-3 fatty acids and must obtain it from diet. There are three types of omega-3 fatty acids that are needed by the human body, namely α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Although studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids cannot prevent or treat diabetes or heart diseases, it did improve the condition of insulin resistance and the level of triglycerides in the body. It is well known that overweight leads to insulin resistance, which in turn leads to metabolic syndrome. Many animal experiments have already confirmed that long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are beneficial in promoting insulin sensitivity. It inhibits nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NFκB), which is a key transcription factor for gene expression of inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, studies have also pointed out that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids do not improve the function of kidney’s endothelial cells and high blood pressure in patients of type 2 diabetes.

Benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to patients with oral and metabolic diseases

The human body cannot produce omega-3 fatty acids and must obtain them from the diet. There are three types of omega-3 fatty acids that are needed by the human body, namely α-linolenic acid (ALA), Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA). Although studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids cannot prevent or treat diabetes or heart diseases, they did improve the condition of insulin resistance and the level of triglycerides in the body. It is well known that being overweight leads to insulin resistance, which in turn leads to metabolic syndrome. Many animal experiments have already confirmed that long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are beneficial in promoting insulin sensitivity. It inhibits nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NFκB), which is a key transcription factor for gene expression of inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, studies have also pointed out that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids do not improve the function of the kidney’s endothelial cells and high blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes.

A Review on Bilayer Tablet Technology for Multi Modal Drug Delivery

Bilayer tablets are cutting-edge drug delivery technologies that enable the delivery of two medicines with various release patterns combined in a single unit. Bilayer tablets can deliver two incompatible medications in a single formulation, prolong the effect of the drug(s), and increase patient compliance. Bilayer tablets feature an active substance in one layer that is released immediately and another layer that is released later, either as a second dosage or in a prolonged release manner. The drawbacks of single-layered tablets are being overcome by the advancement of useful technology in bilayer tablets. Bilayer tablet technology requires a lot of resources, though. For each technical stage, a careful selection of excipients and manufacturing conditions is also necessary. High blood pressure patients frequently struggle or fail to control their BP with a single medication. To achieve treatment objectives, the majority of hypertension patients will require the use of two or more antihypertensive medications. When treating hypertension in patients whose blood pressure cannot be well controlled with monotherapy, combinations of antihypertensive medications from different categories have been demonstrated to be more successful than either medication alone. Combining two antihypertensive drugs with complementary modes of action may decrease blood pressure more effectively than using any one of these drugs by alone.
 Keywords: Bi-layer tablet, Tablet manufacturing, Bi-layer tableting techniques.

Association between blood pressure and parameters related to sleep disorders in Tabari cohort population

BackgroundInsomnia and other sleep disorders can cause an increase in blood pressure, thereby resulting in premature death. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between hypertension and parameters related to sleep disorders in Tabari cohort population.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, the data from the enrollment phase of the Tabari cohort study were adopted. Tabari cohort is a part of the PERSIAN (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran) cohort study. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsOut of 10,255 patients enrolled in the Tabari cohort, 2,281 patients (22.2%) had hypertension. According to the results of univariable logistic regression test, the odds ratio of high blood pressure in patients with insomnia and hypersomnia is 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.40) and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.01–1.47) times higher than normal sleep. This odds ratio was not significant after adjusting the effect of sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, area residence, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and total cholesterol variables with multivariable logistic regression. Frequency of routine hypnotic medication usage (14.6% vs. 5.7%, P < 0.001), involuntary napping (25.3% vs. 19%, P < 0.001), and leg restlessness during sleep (14.8% vs. 11.7%, P < 0.001) was higher in hypertensive individuals than in nonhypertensive cases.ConclusionsThis study showed that sleep disorders prevalence are higher in hypertensive patients than nonhypertensive patients. Also, routine use of hypnotics was significantly higher medication in patients with hypertension compared to that in the nonhypertensive patients.

SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF VALSARTAN AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE BY FIRST-ORDER DERIVATIVE- ZERO CROSSING UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD

Background: Antihypertensive drugs are widely used to treat high blood pressure in patients. The aim of this study is to prepare various mixtures of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide, to create a matrix effect in the drug, and to determine the determination of these active substances in drug samples after optimum conditions by first-order derivative spectroscopy method.&#x0D; Method: In the first-degree derivative spectrophotometry method applied, valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide were dissolved in methanol and 100 mgL-1 solutions were prepared, and then the mixtures of these solutions were determined in spectrophotometry. After mixing, tablet (drug) sample was prepared and absorbance values were recorded and the first derivative spectrophotometric method was applied to the values obtained.&#x0D; Results: As a result of the spectrophotometric determination of various mixtures of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide used in the study, it was determined that the first-order derivative spectrophotometric method applied gave very consistent results.&#x0D; Conclusion: The first-order derivative spectrophotometry method used in the study can be easily applied in routine analyzes in drug research laboratories.&#x0D; &#x0D; Peer Review History: &#x0D; Received: 15 July 2022; Revised: 10 August; Accepted: 7 September, Available online: 15 September 2022&#x0D; Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com&#x0D; UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. &#x0D; Received file: Reviewer's Comments:&#x0D; Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10&#x0D; Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10&#x0D; Reviewers:&#x0D; Dr. U. S. Mahadeva Rao, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu Malaysia, raousm@gmail.com&#x0D; Prof. Cyprian Ogbonna ONYEJI, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, conyeji@oauife.edu.ng&#x0D; Similar Articles: &#x0D; UV SPECTROSCOPY DETERMINATION OF CILAZAPRIL AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ACTIVE AGENTS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION

Hybrid solvothermal/sonochemical-mediated synthesis of ZnO NPs generative of [rad]OH radicals: Photoluminescent approach to evaluate [rad]OH scavenging activity of Egyptian and Yemeni Punica granatum arils extract

Zinc oxide NPs were synthesized solvothermally within sonochemical mediation and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, elemental mapping, TEM and UV–vis. spectrophotometry. To evaluate the hydroxyl radicals (OH) scavenging activity of arils extract of Egyptian (EGY-PAM) and Yemeni Punica granatum (YEM-PAM), the developed zinc oxide nano particles (ZnO NPs) as a highly productive source of hydroxyl radicals (under Solar-illumination) was used. The yield of OH was trapped and probed via fluorimetric monitoring. This suits the first sensitive/selective photoluminescent avenue to evaluate the OH scavenging activity. The high percentage of DPPH radical scavenging reflected higher contents of phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins that were found in EGY-PAM and YEM-PAM. Although, some secondary metabolites contents were significantly different in EGY-PAM and YEM-PAM, the traditional DPPH radical scavenging methodology revealed insignificant IC50. Unlike, the developed fluorimetric probing, sensitively discriminated the OH scavenging activity with IC50 (105.7 µg/mL) and lower rate of OH productivity (k = 0.031 min−1) in case of EGY-PAM in comparison to IC50 (153.4 µg/mL) and higher rate of OH productivity (k = 0.053 min−1) for YEM-PAM. Our findings are interestingly superior to the TBHQ that is synthetic antioxidant. Moreover, our developed methodology for fluorimetric probing of OH radicals scavenging, recommends EGY-PAM as OH radicals scavenger for diabetic patients while YEM-PAM exhibited a better OH radicals scavenging appropriate for high blood pressure patients. More interestingly, EGY-PAM and YEM-PAM exhibited high anticancer potentiality. The aforementioned OH and DPPH scavenging activities as well as the anticancer potentiality present EGY-PAM and YEM-PAM as promising sources of natural antioxidants, that may have crucial roles in some chronic diseases such as diabetics and hypertension in addition to cancer therapeutic protocols.

Myocardial infarction and cannabis consumption: Two years of data collection in CHU Amiens-Picardie

Cannabis is the most illicit drug consumed in France, with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels increasing over past decades. The lack of epidemiological data concerning myocardial infarction (MI) occurring under cannabis use raises the question of imputability of THC as a cause of these serious cardiovascular events. In this context, it is essential to understand patient's characteristics in the North French region, where cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (20%) are greater than entire France (ARS, 2017). We performed a retrospective clinical study including patients in the Amiens University Hospital cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) for MI in a context of cannabis consumption between January 2020 and March 2022. Cannabis status was first determined using enzyme immunoassay method in urines (Atellica™ CH (Siemens®). Then blood quantifications of THC, 11-OH-THC and THC-COOH by LC-MS/MS (8060 Shimadzu®) was operated in case of positivity of urine samples. One-hundred-and-five patients were included. Median delay between hospitalisation and sample collection was 5 h 50. Twenty-nine patients (27.6%) were positive for cannabis urine testing. Their mean age was 34.5 years and 82.8% were men. Blood concentrations for THC, 11-OH-THC and THC-COOH were performed for 22 patients (with 7 uncollected blood samples). Eighteen were blood positive with respective mean (min; max) concentrations at 1.29 ng/mL (0.2; 3.7), 1.07 ng/mL (0.3; 6.7) and 21.7 ng/mL (1.3; 88.3), meaning patients were under cannabis influence during blood sampling. Similar results in literature showed that MI-cannabis induced risk population is mostly young men (Yang, Am J Med, 2020, 5:605–612). Knowing that chest pain occurs only few hours after smoking (Chetty, CJC Open, 2020, 1:12–21) and THC is rapidly relocated in organs (Goullé, Ann Pharm Fr, 2008, 4:232–244), it can be demonstrated that the patient's THC positivity is due to a short delay between smoking, chest pain and blood test. Ten blood samples were collected less than one hour after hospitalisation, revealed a well-known patients management of MI in young adult population by emergency and CICU services. Cannabis consumption declarative habits were collected for 14 patients: 7 patients smoked more than one joint per day (1 to 10) and the others smoked more than 1 joint per week. However, a very few data about cannabis kinetic were available, except time-lapse between chest pain and blood dosage for 9 patients, with a mean time of 16 hours (2h10; 48 h), with however a great variability. No patient was positive for others illicit drugs. Regarding clinical and biological data, mean body mass index was 26.41 kg/m2 and mean blood pressure was normal (121/81 mmHg). Nevertheless, cardiac biomarkers were impaired with troponin peak at 48,550 ng/L (3; 376890) and myoglobin at 723 μg/L (21; 7890). Tobacco use was the most frequently risk factor found in our patients: 93% were current smokers, as seen in others clinical studies (Aggarwal, JRSM Cardiovasc Dis, 2012, 1:8). However, it is difficult to determine whether tobacco or cannabis is the cause of MI due to the consumption mode (Chetty, CJC Open, 2020, 1:12–21). Other cardiovascular risk factors were identified: 7 obese patients, 5 high blood pressure patients and 4 diabetic patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was preserved (LVEF > 50%) for 25 patients. Stent placement was the most common medical treatment. Unfortunately, one death has occurred. One of the limits of the study is the low number of patients. This study shows that characteristics of patients with MI induced by cannabis in North French region is similar to other global clinical studies. However, if cannabis use is lower than the total French average, risk factor prevention is essential in the French region with high cardiovascular morbidity.

Risk factors for severity and mortality in adults testing positive for COVID-19 in the VI Health Area of Albacete

ObjectivesThere are several retrospective studies that establish a relationship between some risk factors (cardiovascular risks mainly) and the development of COVID-19 and a severe outcome. Thus, our aim with this study is to find out the former relationship among the population within our basic health area MethodCohort study. The study sample consisted of 372 patients aged 14 or older who had tested positive for COVID-19 in our health centre by consecutive sampling. Data collected from medical records will be analysed using Frequencies, X2 with a Confidence interval of 95% and those carrying out the study will have prior experience/training in research and will be specifically trained for the aim of this research. ResultsA worse outcome in patients aged 76 years old on average was found versus patients aged 48.7. Regarding high blood pressure patients, X2 was <0.001 and OR between 3.975 and 21.425 with confidence interval of 95%, finding a worse outcome in these patients. With regard to Diabetes Mellitus (DM), X2 was <0.001 and OR rated between 2.766 and 12.690 with a confidence interval of 95%, also resulting in a worse outcome in these patients. No significant differences regarding a worse outcome were found in Body Mass Index, gender, or toxic habits. ConclusionsOlder patients had a worse outcome from COVID-19, as well as patients with high blood pressure or DM. We found no differences regarding gender and neither could we find any differences regarding BMI.

IoT-Based Health Monitoring System Development and Analysis

This paper presents the design and implementation of a health monitoring system using the Internet of Things (IoT). In present days, with the expansion of innovations, specialists are always looking for innovative electronic devices for easier identification of irregularities within the body. IoT-enabled technologies enable the possibility of developing novel and noninvasive clinical support systems. This paper presents a health care monitoring system. In particular, COVID-19 patients, high blood pressure patients, diabetic patients, etc., in a rural area in a developing country, such as Bangladesh, do not have instant access to health or emergency clinics for testing. Buying individual instruments or continuous visitation to hospitals is also expensive for the regular population. The system we developed will measure a patient’s body temperature, heartbeat, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels in the blood and send the data to a mobile application using Bluetooth. The mobile application was created via the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) inventor app and will receive the data from the device over Bluetooth. The physical, logical, and application layers are the three layers that make up the system. The logical layer processes the data collected by the sensors in the physical layer. Media access management and intersensor communications are handled by the logical layer. Depending on the logical layer’s processed data, the application layer makes decisions. The main objective is to increase affordability for regular people. Besides sustainability in the context of finance, patients will have easy access to personal healthcare. This paper presents an IoT-based system that will simplify the utilization of an otherwise complicated medical device at a minimum cost while sitting at home. A 95 percent confidence interval with a 5 percent maximum relative error is applied to all measurements related to determining the patient’s health parameters. The use of these devices as support tools by the general public in a certain situation could have a big impact on their own lives.

Worldwide Prevalence of Hypertension in Patients with COVID-19: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the ratio of patients with hypertension for whom coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been diagnosed in the world. In addition, the effect of COVID-19 on the outcomes of hypertension was evaluated. Methods: To find articles published by July 2020, a comprehensive systematic search was carried out in five electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. The meta-analysis entailed all relevant articles on the clinical and epidemiological features of patients with COVID-19. Two researchers independently reviewed the eligible post-selection studies, and finally, the discrepancies between the opinions of the two researchers were resolved by a third arbitrator. Two researchers independently examined the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: The pooled prevalence of high blood pressure in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 worldwide was obtained as 31% (95% CI: 23 - 38%). The changes for hypertension prevalence in different studies included in the meta-analysis varied from 2 to 64%. Moreover, the results of subgroups analysis based on different countries demonstrated that the prevalence of hypertension in patients with COVID-19 in China and other countries was 29% (95% CI: 24 - 34%) and 32% (95% CI: 19 - 46%), respectively. Conclusions: The evidence revealed that a health condition that commonly accompanies and affects the outcomes of COVID-19 is hypertension. Therefore, COVID-19 patients with hypertension should be given priority and benefit from a preventive, therapeutic approach. Furthermore, essential training should be provided by health policymakers.

Risk factors for severity and mortality in adults testing positive for COVID-19 in the VI Health Area of Albacete

ObjetivosLa bibliografía consultada, en su mayoría estudios descriptivos, establece asociación entre factores de riesgo para la salud, en su mayoría cardiovasculares, y la mala evolución de la COVID-19. Este estudio pretende mostrar dicha asociación entre la población perteneciente al área de salud zona vi de Albacete (España)MétodoEstudio de cohortes de carácter retrospectivo. Mediante muestreo consecutivo se ha obtenido una muestra de 372 pacientes, mayores de 14 años, con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19. Los grupos se han dividido entre buena y mala evolución, entendiendo esta última como ingreso en UCI y/o muerte. Los datos obtenidos mediante la explotación de historias clínicas han sido analizados obteniendo frecuencias, Chi cuadrado con intervalo de confianza al 95% y ajustando por factores de confusión.ResultadosPor edad los pacientes con mala evolución tenían una media de 76 años, frente a los 48,7 años de los pacientes que evolucionaron favorablemente.Los pacientes con HTA presentaron peor evolución; siendo la Chi cuadrado < 0,001 y la OR, para un intervalo de confianza del 95%, estuvo entre 3,97 y 21,42.En los paciente con DM también se relacionó la mala evolución de la enfermedad, siendo la Chi cuadrado < 0,001 y la OR, para un intervalo de confianza del 95%, entre 2.766 y 12.690.Los pacientes que presentaban DM + HTA tenían un riesgo 5 veces superior de mala evolución respecto a los que solo presentaban una de las enfermedades.Nuestro estudio no pudo encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el IMC, el sexo y los hábitos tóxicos (consumo de alcohol, tabaco y drogas) y la mala evolución de la COVID-19.ConclusionesLos pacientes de mayor edad tuvieron un peor desenlace de la enfermedad, así como los hipertensos y diabéticos. No se encontró relación entre la evolución y la distribución por sexos. No se pudo establecer relación entre el IMC y hábitos tóxicos y la mala evolución.

Design and Implementation of Heart Beat Monitor System

Over the years, the decline of Nigeria’s health-care infrastructure has become alarming. The 2018 annual report of WHO shows that 75% human cardiovascular disease resulted from High Blood pressure. Immediate technical action is needed to alleviate the severity to the barest minimum. This research work presents a designs and implementation of microcontroller based Heart Beat Monitoring System for High Blood Pressure Patients. The developed system consists of three sections which include; Input section consisting of Heart beat sensor that senses and converts the blood pulse from a fingertip into an electrical signal. The sensor thereafter sends the signal into microcontroller, which is the control section that acts and communicates the result through LCD and output section. The displayed results show the beat rate in unit of beat per minute (BPM). The developed system was evaluated and demonstrated with two other standard devices namely: Pulse Oximeter and Digital Arm Cuff using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine its level of significance. The P Value of 0.519049 was found significant at 0.05 level of significance. Additionally, the results indicate that there is no significant difference among the three devices. It was concluded the designed device is more cost effective, user friendly and easily assembled due availability of needed materials in contrast with the other standard devices.

Risk of cardiovascular disease according to the Framingham score in patients with high blood pressure from Píllaro, Ecuador. 2017-2018

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The use of the Framingham Risk Score is of great importance for predicting CVD risk. Objective: To estimate the 10-year CVD risk in adult patients diagnosed high blood pressure (HBP) who visited the outpatient service of the San Miguelito de Píllaro Health Center, in Tungurahua, Ecuador, using the Framingham Risk Score (2008). Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, observational, prospective and descriptive study conducted in 120 HBP patients aged 30 to 74 years who visited the outpatient service between January and October 2017. Data were obtained from the review of medical records, which were in turn updated during the execution of the study. The Framingham risk score was used to calculate the 10-year CVD risk. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed in Epi Info 7, using absolute frequencies and percentages. Results: Of the 120 patients, 59.17% were women. Furthermore, 15% of the participants had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 13.33% had a history of smoking, 47.50% had elevated systolic blood pressure, and 39.17% had hypercholesterolemia. CVD risk was low (≤ 1% Framingham score), intermediate (10-19%), and high (≥ 20%) in 15%, 29.16%, and 59.16% of participants, respectively. None of them had a very low CVD risk (≤1%). Conclusion: The Framingham risk score was useful to estimate CVD risk in the study population treated in the primary health care setting. Consequently, more extensive use of this instrument in different health units is recommended to obtain better estimates of CVD risk and, as a result, achieve the implementation of health prevention and health care actions that improve the prognosis in the medium and long term, and thus the quality of life of these patients.

Menu scheduling for high blood pressure patient with optimization method through Integer Programming

High blood pressure or hypertension is a global public health issue. High blood pressure can lead to cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes and others. The diet problem of high blood pressure patients has always been concerned by the field of operational research. Some previous and recent research have proposed that diet plays an important role in affecting the condition of high blood pressure. A balanced diet will provide essential nutrients for high blood pressure patients that help to control and lower blood pressure. The purpose of this study is to construct a diet menu that meet the nutritional requirements of high blood pressure patient as well as minimize the food cost by developing a mathematical model using linear and integer programming approaches. The model of this study involved 10 type of food groups with 413 types of food variables based on the Malaysian recipes. The findings show that integer programming is a good alternative for linear programming. Integer programming leads to an optimal and effective solutions for the diet problem of high blood pressure patients.

Masked high blood pressure in patients with diabetes type 2

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of masked arterial hypertension on microvascular complications and echocardiographic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes who are known to be normotensives. It's cross-sectional study on 117 known normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Microalbuminuria assay, cardiac ultrasound and blood pressure Holter were performed. Masked hypertension was present in 39% of patients ( n = 45) with no significant difference in terms of age, duration of diabetes, smoking, BMI, serum creatinine, glycemic or lipid profile. Microalbiminuria was increasing in the masked hypertensive group (21 microg/min [2.5–1.5] vs. 9.1 microg/min [1.0 to 0.22], P = 0.001), as well as the septum interventricular (1.1 ± 0.10 vs. 0.82 ± 0.9 cm, P = 0.015) and the posterior wall (0.12 ± 0.8 vs. 0.90 ± 0.10 cm, P = 0.005). Diabetics type 2 patients with masked hypertension have higher microalbiminuria as well as left ventricular hypertophy compared to normotensive patients. Blood pressure Holter then seems to be necessary in order to detect this high-risk group and thus take preventive measures.