Worldwide Prevalence of Hypertension in Patients with COVID-19: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the ratio of patients with hypertension for whom coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been diagnosed in the world. In addition, the effect of COVID-19 on the outcomes of hypertension was evaluated. Methods: To find articles published by July 2020, a comprehensive systematic search was carried out in five electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. The meta-analysis entailed all relevant articles on the clinical and epidemiological features of patients with COVID-19. Two researchers independently reviewed the eligible post-selection studies, and finally, the discrepancies between the opinions of the two researchers were resolved by a third arbitrator. Two researchers independently examined the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: The pooled prevalence of high blood pressure in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 worldwide was obtained as 31% (95% CI: 23 - 38%). The changes for hypertension prevalence in different studies included in the meta-analysis varied from 2 to 64%. Moreover, the results of subgroups analysis based on different countries demonstrated that the prevalence of hypertension in patients with COVID-19 in China and other countries was 29% (95% CI: 24 - 34%) and 32% (95% CI: 19 - 46%), respectively. Conclusions: The evidence revealed that a health condition that commonly accompanies and affects the outcomes of COVID-19 is hypertension. Therefore, COVID-19 patients with hypertension should be given priority and benefit from a preventive, therapeutic approach. Furthermore, essential training should be provided by health policymakers.