High Blood Pressure In Pregnancy Research Articles

The Effect of Education Based on Health Belief Model on Self-Care Behaviors of Women with High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy

The Effect of Education Based on Health Belief Model on Self-Care Behaviors of Women with High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy

Risk factors of adverse birth outcomes among a cohort of pregnant women in Coastal Kenya, 2017–2019

IntroductionAdverse birth outcomes particularly preterm births and congenital anomalies, are the leading causes of infant mortality globally, and the burden is highest in developing countries. We set out to determine the frequency of adverse birth outcomes and the risk factors associated with such outcomes in a cohort of pregnant women in Kenya.MethodsFrom October 2017 to July 2019, pregnant women < 28 weeks gestation were enrolled and followed up until delivery in three hospitals in coastal Kenya. Newborns were examined at delivery. Among women with birth outcome data, we assessed the frequency of congenital anomalies defined as gastroschisis, umbilical hernia, limb abnormalities and Trisomy 21, and adverse birth outcomes, defined as either stillbirth, miscarriage, preterm birth, small for gestational age, or microcephaly. We used log-binomial regression to identify maternal characteristics associated with the presence of at least one adverse outcome.ResultsAmong the 2312 women enrolled, 1916 (82.9%) had birth outcome data. Overall, 402/1916 (20.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 19.1–22.8) pregnancies had adverse birth outcomes. Specifically, 66/1916 (3.4%; 95% CI: 2.7–4.4) were stillbirths, 34/1916 (1.8%; 95% CI: 1.2–2.4) were miscarriages and 23/1816 (1.2%; 95% CI: 0.8–1.9) had congenital anomalies. Among the participants with anthropometric measurements data, 142/1200 (11.8%; 95% CI: 10.1 − 13.8) were small for gestational age and among the participants with ultrasound records, 143/1711 (8.4%; 95% CI: 7.1–9.8) were preterm. Febrile illnesses in current pregnancy (adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1–2.8), a history of poor birth outcomes in prior pregnancy (aRR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3–2.4) and high blood pressure in pregnancy (aRR: 3.9, 95% CI: (1.7–9.2) were independently associated with adverse birth outcomes in a model that included age, education, human immunodeficiency virus status and high blood pressure at enrolment.ConclusionWe found similar rates of overall adverse birth outcomes, congenital anomalies, and small for gestational age but higher rates of stillbirths and lower rates of prematurity compared to the rates that have been reported in the sub-Saharan Africa region. However, the rates of adverse birth outcomes in this study were comparable to other studies conducted in Kenya. Febrile illnesses during the current pregnancy, previous history of poor birth outcomes and high blood pressure in pregnancy are predictive of an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Hipertensi pada Ibu Hamil Di Rumah Sakit Umum Aliyah Kota Kendari Tahun 2022

Hypertension is a manifestation of disturbances in the hemodynamics of the High blood pressure in pregnancy can reduce blood flow to the placenta, which will affect the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the baby. This can slow the growth of the baby and increase the risk during delivery. Pregnancy Hypertension ranks as the ninth disease at Aliyah Kendari Hospital with a prevalence that increases every year, namely 13% in 2019, 15.2% in 2020, 14% in 2021, and 15.5% in 2022 which has an impact on increasing miscarriage in the first trimester and sudden fetal death (stillbirth). This study aims to determine the factors associated with hypertension in pregnant women at the hospital. Aliyah Kendari City. This research was conducted at Aliyah Hospital, Kendari City in 2022. The research was conducted with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were pregnant women at Aliyah Hospital, Kendari City during January-June 2022. The sampling technique used a random sampling system, namely by randomizing the patient's medical record number. The type of data in this study used secondary data from medical record data January-June 2022 by collecting data using form sheets and checklist sheets. Data analysis technique using chi-square analysis. Based on the bivariate analysis, it showed that there was a significant relationship between age (p value = 0.000, PR = 3.020), obesity (p value = 0.000, PR = 8.718), family history of hypertension (p value = 0.000, PR = 2.918), parity (p value = 0.000, PR = 2.181), working mother status (p value = 0.003, PR = 1.358). The suggestion of this research is that hospitals can further improve education about hypertension in pregnancy.

Effect of Pregnancy Stages on Changes in Lipid Profiles

Defines Pregnancy is a physiological process occurring among women and female mammals; it usually begins with the process of fertilization of one egg or more, and the evolution of the atom inside the mother's womb is called a fetus or Embryo and continues the development of the fetus inside the mother until the birth. Usually, Pregnancy in women Aly40-36 continues)) almost a week after the end of the last menstrual cycle, more studies on Pregnancy in which women took the biggest in the research and investigation share, compared with studies conducted on female mammals. Pregnancy might result through a traditional male-female partnership or using cutting-edge medical technology. Nevertheless, the fetus grows and develops inside the mother's womb.&#x0D; Pregnancy is associated with major changes inside lipid profiles During Pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the level of triglycerides (T.G.), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total Cholesterol (T.C.), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and VLDL levels in the third trimester of Pregnancy in Tikrit city pregnant women. Ninety blood samples were taken at various times throughout Pregnancy for this prospective investigation. The analysis of variance was used to look at the data, and a significance level of p 0.05 was used. The results showed that the concentration of Cholesterol increased significantly with the progression of Pregnancy, as it was higher in the second and third stages of Pregnancy compared to the first stage of Pregnancy, while no significant differences were shown in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with the progression of Pregnancy. In contrast, the first and last stages of Pregnancy were significantly superior in the concentration of VLDL and triglycerides (T.G.) compared to the second stage of Pregnancy. Delayed T.G. When high blood pressure in Pregnancy is combined with raised blood T.G. levels, a condition known as preeclampsia may develop. This correlation has the potential to provide light on the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and inform the design of interventions aimed at its early identification and prevention.

PS-C30-8: PREGNANT WOMEN WITH STRUGGLING WITH HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN PREGNANCY AND ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE SUPPLEMENTS L-ARGININE FOR PROLONG PERIOD

Nitric oxide is a compound in the body to relax and widen blood vessels Some scientists believe that nitric oxide stimulates the release of certain hormones, such as insulin and human growth hormone. Researchers have performed multiple clinical trials related to nitric oxide supplements that includes L-citrulline and L-arginine and their effectiveness, often with mixed results. Taking nitric oxide supplements offers several heart boosting effects. Reducing arterial stiffness, blood pressure, and improving carotid artery blood flow, by enhancing blood flow in the body they improve performance in sports, promote healing, enhance heart health, and provide many other potential benefits. Preeclampsia, which is a form of high blood pressure that can occur in pregnancy, can be dangerous for both the woman and baby. A 2005 study in the European Journal of Clinical Investigation Trusted Source found that pregnant women who took L-arginine supplements for a prolonged period had lower blood pressure readings than pregnant women who did not take L-arginine. Although researchers need to conduct more studies, the results are promising for women struggling with high blood pressure in pregnancy. However, there are no studies that establish how much nitric oxide supplements people should take to achieve the results.

Nurses' knowledge regarding treatment and prevention of pregnancy induced hypertension

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is a condition where in vasospasm occurs during pregnancy in both the small and large arteries in the body. Pregnancy Induced Hypertension is a form of high blood pressure in pregnancy. It occurs in about 5 percent to 8 percent of all pregnancies. With high blood pressure, there is an increase in the resistance of blood vessels. This may hinder blood flow in many different organ systems in the expectant mother including the liver, kidneys, brain, uterus, and placenta. The aims to assess nurses' knowledge regarding treatment and prevention of pregnancy induced hypertension and find out the association between knowledge of nurses and demographic characteristics. Methods: The study used a quantitative descriptive correlation research design. A convenience non-probability sample of 52 nurses working in primary health care centers was chosen and a self-administered questionnaire was completed. The data was gathered during a three-month period. The questionnaire's reliability is evaluated through a pilot research, and its validity is determined by a panel of (12) experts. The data is analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis methods such as frequencies, percentages, mean of scores, and standard deviation.

Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) induced hypertension in pregnant rat model: An analysis on the effectiveness of administration methods to induce high blood pressure in pregnancy

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) contribute to high percentage for both maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality and associate with long term complications. A history of having HDP is a known risk factor for women's cardiovascular disease later in their life even though blood pressure normalizes during postpartum period. L-NAME is a drug that has been used to pharmacologically induce hypertension by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). In the previous study, there are various administration methods used to induce hypertension in pregnant rat model by using L-NAME, but they produced inconsistent outcomes.

Implementing a community-level intervention to control hypertensive disorders in pregnancy using village health workers: lessons learned

IntroductionHypertensive disorders in pregnancy result in about 76,000 maternal deaths per year worldwide. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia cause the most deaths. Interventions for managing these disorders are available in health facilities. We assess the effect of monitoring pregnant women’s blood pressure (BP) in their homes using village health workers (VHWs) equipped with a BP-measuring device on hypertension in pregnancy, in a resource-poor setting. Also, we assess the VHWs’ competence with the BP device, acceptability and appropriateness of the intervention, and factors that affect the implementation of the intervention.MethodThis is a mixed method study comprising quantitative and qualitative data collection. We implemented the intervention over 6 months across three local government areas in Gombe state, northeast Nigeria. The Replicating Effective Program (REP) framework guided the development of the implementation strategy. The quantitative data include routine measurement of pregnant women’s blood pressure and observation of 118 VHW-client interactions. The routine data collection occurred between February and June 2019, and the observation occurred in January and June 2019. The qualitative data collection occurred via six focus group discussions with VHWs and ten in-depth interviews with community health extension workers in June 2019. We analyzed the data from the quantitative arm with SPSS version 23. For the qualitative arm, we transcribed the audio files, coded the texts, and categorized them using thematic analysis.ResultNine thousand pregnant women were recruited into the program. We observed a significant reduction in the prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy from 1.5 to 0.8% (Z = 4.04; p < 0.00001) after starting the program. Also, we found that VHWs can assess pregnant women’s BP using a semi-automatic BP-measuring device. The intervention is acceptable and appropriate in resource-poor settings. Poor payment of VHW stipend and cooperation of local health staff are barriers to sustaining the intervention.ConclusionIn resource-poor settings, health systems can train and equip non-technical people to identify and refer cases of high blood pressure in pregnancy to local health facilities on time. This may contribute to reducing maternal mortality and morbidity in these settings.

High blood pressure in pregnancy, DNA methylation, and later blood pressure in African American women enrolled in the InterGEN Study.

Few studies have examined the effects of high blood pressure (BP) in pregnancy, preeclampsia, or eclampsia on later BP, and the epigenetics of this phenomenon is similarly poorly understood, especially among African Americans. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between high BP in pregnancy, epigenomics, and later BP in African American women in the InterGEN Study (n=250). In cross-sectional analyses, regression and linear mixed-effects models were employed to examine the effects of high BP in pregnancy on: (a) epigenetic associations (DNA methylation) and (b) BP 3-5years after birth. The 850K Illumina EPIC BeadChip was used for evaluating epigenome-wide DNA methylation. High BP in pregnancy, preeclampsia, or eclampsia was self-reported by women, and BP was measured 3-5years after birth, per JNC-7 guidelines. DNA methylation and clinical BP were the main outcomes. Mean age of enrolled women was 31.2years, 21.8% were smokers, 58% had some college or higher education, 46.6% reported an annual income <$15000, and 13.6% reported high BP in pregnancy. After adjustment for obesity, smoking, and age, women with a history of high BP in pregnancy had significantly higher BP than those who did not report this complication (5.39±2.4mmHg, P=.030). Epigenome-wide analysis revealed no significant sites after multiple testing correction. We observed a small, but clinically significant, increase in BP in women who reported high BP in pregnancy 3-5years after that pregnancy. Future studies with larger sample sizes should examine epigenetic contributions to this finding.

Relation of Endothelin-1 and Malondialdehyde with Pre-eclampsia in Pregnant Women

A case-control study was conducted in Kirkuk city in Kirkuk general hospital from first of March 2018 and to end of September 2018 to evaluate the role of endothelin-1 and malondialdehyde in pathogenesis of pre eclampsia in pregnant women. The study included 30 pregnant women with preeclampsia, patients were defined and divided according to the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. A control group of 30 healthy normotensive pregnant females was also included. All comparison groups were matched for mother’s age, parity, and gestational age at the time of enrollment and blood collection. Three ml of blood was collected by vein puncture, blood samples were placed into sterile test tubes and left for 30 minutes at 37 °C then were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes then the clot was removed and the obtained sera were then aspirated using automatic micropipette and transferred into clean test tubes and stored in deep freeze at -20°C for determination of endothelin-1 and malondialdehyde by usingELISA technique. The study showed that the highest mean level of endothelin-1 was found in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia(13.15±2.81 pg/ml) and the lowest mean was in the control group (0.41±0.31 pg/ml). The result was highly significant (P&lt;0.01). The study showed that the highest mean level of MDA was found in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia (6.75±2.94 nmol/ml) and the lowest mean was recorded in the control group (3.85±1.29 nmol/ml). The result was highly significant (P&lt;0.01). The current study showed that the mean age of patients enrolled in the study was 33.5 years, the highest mean of endothelin-1 in HD patients was recorded within the age group 20-29 year of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia. Although the results was non-significant. The study showed positive correlation between endothelin-1 and MDA levels pregnant women with pre-eclampsia. It was concluded that serum endothelin-1 and MDA levels were highly correlated with pregnant women with pre-eclampsia

Whole-Blood Capillary Tube Clotting Time as a Possible Predictor of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy

Background: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) are associated with coagulation abnormalities. However, results of standard coagulation tests in patients with HDP have been inconsistent. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine mean clotting time (CT) in subjects with HDP attending antenatal clinic at Murtala Muhammad specialist Hospital Kano, Nigeria and to assess CT as a possible predictor of HDP. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four HDP subjects and equal number of normotensive pregnant women were recruited for the study. Blood pressure was measured according to standard protocol. Urinalysis was performed using urine test strips (Medi-Test Combi 9®). Whole-blood CT was determined using capillary tube method. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy were defined according to the report of National high blood pressure education program working group on high blood pressure in pregnancy. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. Chi-square test of association and independent t test were used to determine association and difference between categorical and quantitative variables respectively. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine relationship between quantitative variables.

Knowledge of Midwives as a Healthcare Provider About Hypertensive Disorders During Pregnancy

Objective: To investigate the knowledge of midwives about hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.&#x0D; &#x0D; Methods: The study design is cross-sectional by evaluating the knowledge of midwives regarding hypertensive disorders during pregnancy by using questionnaire. This study was conducted in Jakarta during the period between September and October 2017. The subject is a midwife member of Indonesian Midwives Association (IBI) practicing in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: Total respondents were 639 practicing midwives in Central, South, West and North Jakarta. A total of 323 (50.5%) of the respondents had a sufficient level of knowledge about the basic science of high blood pressure in pregnancy, 372 (58.2%) of respondents had a good level of knowledge related to clinical examination and early diagnosis of high blood pressure in pregnancy, and 385 (60.3%) of respondents had a good level of knowledge about the management of high blood pressure in pregnancy. The location of the clinic, physician attendance, the number of patients treated by the midwives, and the number of midwives attending the clinic had significant association with the knowledge level of the subjects (all P values &lt; 0,05)&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: The lowest knowledge level was about the basic science of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Factors affecting the knowledge levels of the midwives were location of the clinic, physician attendance, the number of patients treated by the midwives, and the number of midwives attending the clinic&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: knowledge, midwive, hypertensive disorders, pregnancy, preeclampsia

High blood pressure in pregnancy // Hipertenzija u trudnoći

High blood pressure in pregnancy is a significant problem and has long been causing the attention of perinatologists. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of mothers and fetuses. About 8% of pregnancies complicate high blood pressure. It is estimated that 192 women die daily due to hypertensive complications during pregnancy. Hypertension in pregnancy is not a single entity but it includes: pre-existing hypertension; gestational hypertension; pre-pregnancy existing hypertension complicated by gestational hypertension with proteinuria; prenatally unclassified hypertension. The aim of this paper is to point to the problem of hypertension in pregnancy and the importance of its early detection.It’s a literature review. The literature review period is from 2003-2013. The literature review was carried out in the Hinari, Pubmed and Google Scholar databases.A total of 50 scientific and professional papers in English and Serbian have been examined, of which work is included. 17. By reviewing the summary of each paper, all articles that did not report hypertension in pregnancy were excluded. Through research that was conducted, it was concluded that pregnancy is a significant problem in pregnancy and is therefore the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of both mothers and fetuses. However, the decision to introduce antihypertensive therapy and the choice of an adequate drug during pregnancy should be based on the assessment of the benefits and risks for each pregnant woman individually. Thus, the role of the health care nurse in gynecology and obstetrics has the primary goal and task to preserve and improve the health of women through a series of preventive-promotional activities, all of which are covered through primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.A literature review lists the risk factors that can cause hypertension in pregnancy, including: age of the patient - under 20 and over 35 years, vascular and renal pathology, gestational diabetes, obesity or malnutrition, pheochromocytoma, systemic lupus, poor living conditions, there is and increased risk in first-born patients. Women who have been hypertensive during their first pregnancy have a higher risk of subsequent pregnancy.

5. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and trombophilia association

Introduction Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are classified into 4 categories, as recommended by the national high blood pressure education program working group on high blood pressure in pregnancy: 1) chronic hypertension, 2) preeclampsia-eclampsia, 3) preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension and 4) gestational hypertension (transient hypertension of pregnancy or chronic hypertension identified in the latter half of pregnancy). The role of thrombophilia in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is controversial, and it’s possible the thrombophilia increases the risk of preeclampsia or interferes with its clinical course. Methods We study 79 pregnancy patients with a poor obstetrics results. All those patients were submitted to trombofilia research (Leiden V factor, mutation of prothrombin, SAAF, MTHFR, S protein, C protein, antithrombin ) and mutation of PAI (4G/5G). Results We identificated 38% of pacients with preeclampsia, and there was association between SAAF and preeclampsia (p Conclusions SAAF and PAI 4G/5G mutation are important trombophilia for the adverse outcome of pregnancy.

The chronobiology of blood pressure in pregnancy.

This review summarizes the literature to date on the subject of the chronobiology of blood pressure in pregnancy, and more specifically, in the common disease state of high blood pressure in pregnancy or preeclampsia. While the guidelines for treating hypertension in pregnancy use absolute measures to start treatment, they do not take into account the important rhythms of hypertension including nighttime and daytime readings. These variations are likely to have strong impacts on pregnancy outcomes, risk and long-term hypertension risk.

Maternal serum thrombospondin-1 is significantly altered in cases with established preeclampsia

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate whether maternal serum TSP-1 level was associated with PE.Materials and methods: In our case control study, 84 pregnant women in the third trimester were included. Forty-one of them were healthy and 43 of them were with the diagnosis of PE. The diagnosis was based on the definitions of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. Preeclamptic patients were divided into two subgroups as mild and severe. Blood pressure (BP) of pregnant women were obtained in left-side lying position using a mercury sphygmomanometer after at least 10 minutes of rest. Ten milliliters of venous blood was taken from every pregnant women and dispensed into lithium heparin and serum was obtained. Samples were stored at −80 °C until analyzed. Serum TSP-1 level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All tests were two-tailed and p < .05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: TSP-1 level was significantly lower in PE group than in controls (p = .003). Platelet counts were similar in two groups (p = .26). TSP-1 levels were significantly lower in severe PE than in mild PE cases. According to the subgroup analysis, TSP-1 level was found significantly lower in severe preeclampsia group compared to control group (p = .015).Conclusions: In light of the association between endothelial dysfunction and preeclampsia, we claim that lower levels of TSP-1 which is released mostly from endothelial cells seem to reflect disease severity in PE. Our study reveals that maternal serum TSP-1 levels decrease in pregnant women presenting with PE and TSP-1 may be a new biomarker for the detection of PE and even severity of it. Further studies especially prospective ones with greater numbers of cases are needed.

High blood pressure in pregnancy

High blood pressure in pregnancy is a pathology with in­crea­sing incidence. Through the complexity of the ma­ni­fes­ta­tions and the severity of the maternal and fe­tal com­pli­cations, it is a difficult clinical entity. The recom­men­da­tions of the different guides are not uniformly har­mo­nized and are not based on strong evidence, so the need for data revisions becomes an important objective. The cli­nical implementation of different clinical trial results re­quires a permanent update and a standardized approach.

IMPACT OF CHRONIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION ON CLINICAL AND METABOLIC NEONATAL ADAPTATION

Aim. To assess the impact of chronic arterial hyper-tension on clinical and metabolic adaptation of fullterm newborns. Methods. 65 full-term neonates born to women with chronic arterial hypertension were included in the study. 42 neonates born to women with arterial hypertension stage I were enrolled into Group 1, and 23 neonates born to mothers with arterial hypertension stage II were included in Group 2. Levels of renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, natriuretic peptides, endothelin-1 in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood were measured with the ELISA. Stable nitric oxide metabolites levels were measured using the Griess assay. Results. Chronic high blood pressure during pregnancy has been found to affect fetal central nervous system and cardiovascular system. Early neonatal period in infants of women with chronic arterial hypertension is associated with a high incidence of perinatal CNS injury, continuing with little change during the first three months of life. The features of the cardiovascular system in neonates of women with arterial hypertension stage II include hypertension and tachycardia at birth, violation of atrioventricular conduction on the first three days of life, open patent foramen ovale up to the first three months of life, whereas neonates born to women with arterial hyper-tension stage I have hypotension on the first day of life. Elevated levels of angiotensin II in neonates born to women with chronic arterial hypertension at birth and reduced levels of endogenous nitrite in the first three months of life suggest the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the antenatal period, which may cause endothelial dysfunction in early infancy. Conclusions. 1. Chronic high blood pressure in pregnancy is as-sociated with perinatal CNS damage in the newborn, continued during the first three months of life. 2. Stage 1 of hypertension in pregnancy associated with hypotension in newborns on the first day of life; and stage 2 of hypertension in pregnancy associated with hypertension and tachycardia newborn at birth, a violation of his atrioventricular conduction on the 3rd day of life and preservation until the age of three open oval window. 3. Chronic high blood pressure in pregnancy is as-sociated with an increase in cord blood levels of angiotensin II decrease in peripheral blood concentration of endogenous nitrite in the age of three months.

Hypertension and pregnancy: expert consensus statement from the French Society of Hypertension, an affiliate of the French Society of Cardiology.

High blood pressure in pregnancy remains, by its complications, the leading cause of morbidity as well as maternal and fetal mortality. The frequency (5-10% of pregnancies) and the potential severity of this disease, for both mother and child, encourage to standardize and to optimize our medical practices. If the short-term complications for the mother and child are well known, long-term ones for the mother are beginning to be better identified. The onset of hypertension during pregnancy disrupts the classic organization of health care and requires the intervention of the general practitioner and/or an obstetrician, a gynecologist, a midwife, a cardiologist, a nephrologist. There is not always a care coordinator, and decisions are sometimes taken with delay. This is what drove the French Society of Hypertension, in partnership with the French National College of Gynecologists-Obstetricians, to develop a consensus proposing easy-to-use guidelines. Educating women and all health professionals to hypertension and its management, in line with current scientific data, is one of the major challenges of this consensus.

A Comparative Study of Inj. Labetalol &amp; Oral Nifedipine in Severe Hypertension in Pregnancy

PIH is a form of high blood pressure in pregnancy. PIH is also called toxemia or preeclampsia. It occurs most often in young women with a first pregnancy. The proposed study was clinical trial of comparison of oral administration of tab. Nifedipine and inj labetalol in case of severe PIH. Criteria for inclusion in the study were women with blood pressure more than 160/110mm hg. In nifedipine group 76% patients had a DBP in the range of 110-120mmHg, of these 32% responded favourably but in remaining cases other drugs was added. Similarly in Labetalol group 72% had DBP in the range of 110-120 mmHg, of which 60% responded to labetalol. It appears that inj Labetalol is more effective in lowering the diastolic BP in severe PIH as compared to Nifedipine. Further fewer patients needed other anti hypertensive drug in Labetalol group. Labetalol group had favorable parameters in all aspects. However larger studies are required to establish the superiority of inj Labetalol in PIH.