Highest Biodiesel Yield Research Articles

Transesterification of jatropha curcas oil for biodiesel production Over NiO catalyst

The research paper deals with Jatropha curcas oil’s transesterification process using the NiO catalyst as a heterogeneous catalyst to produce Biodiesel. The batch reactor in this process. Excess methanol is needed to shift the equilibrium towards the product and enlarge Biodiesel. The research study about the effect mole ratio of methanol: Jatropha curcas oil. The ratios are 12:1, 15:1, 18:1, and temperature of the reaction of 60, 65, 70°C. Experiment verification of the predicted yield and characterization of Biodiesel produced. The analysis biodiesel product by Chemical characterization using Gas Chromatography (G-C) analysis and ASTM 6751 standard used for the physicochemical properties. The maximum process conditions for the biodiesel yield by transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil over NiO catalyst 59.8% and the mole ratio of 15:1 methanol: Jatropha curcas oil. The 65°C reaction temperature used in this process enhances the transesterification reaction by observing 5 hours with a high yield of Biodiesel.

Biodiesel production over potassium carbon-supported solid-based catalyst

Catalytic biodiesel production from vegetable oil and methanol using K2O/C has been studied. The aim of this research was to investigate the performance of a K2O/C catalyst for biodiesel production at varied of K2CO3 loading. The activated carbon-based from rice husk were fabricated via pyrolysis route. The catalyst were formed by depositing active phase K2CO3 (10%; 20%; 30%; 40%; 50%) on the carbon surface for comparative purposes. To better understand of the impregnation effects, particle size, surface topography, and atom composition, the catalysts were analyzed by Scanning Electron Miscroscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). Biodiesel was produced via transesterification reaction. The reaction was carried out during 90 minutes at 65°C using 4wt% of the catalyst and methanol to oil molar ratio 10:1. The highest yield of biodiesel was reached of 96.62% at K2O loading of 50% on carbon-based rice husk. The use of K2O/C as catalysts enhance the purity of the product (carbon-based effect). The characterization of biodiosel, such as viscosity, density, and acid number were evaluated to confirm the purpose of catalyst function. The biodiesel characterization showed in the range with SNI standard.

Synthesis of KOH@CaO Catalyst by Sol-gel Method for Highly Efficient Biodiesel Production from Olive Oil

In this research, biodiesel was produced from olive oil in the presence of KOH-impregnated CaO catalyst (CaO@KOH). To this end, CaO catalyst was produced using the sol-gel method. The percent composition of fatty acids (FAs) in olive oil was measured using gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Also, SEM and BET analyses were performed to evaluate the surface properties of the catalyst. The results indicated that the biodiesel conversion yield of 99±0.2% was obtained under the optimal conditions, i.e. an oil/methanol ratio of 1:15, a catalyst dosage of 1.5 wt.%, a reaction temperature of 65℃, and a reaction time of 4 h, which was the highest biodiesel yield ever achieved from olive oil. The reusability of the catalyst was further investigated through 8 successive cycles of biodiesel generation, and the results indicated that the reduction of biodiesel conversion yield was less than 2% after 4 cycles of reusing the catalyst, confirming the high potential of the aforementioned catalyst. Also, the production cost of the KOH/CaO catalyst was calculated to be 108.45 USD/Kg, which had a reasonable cost. Moreover, the physical properties of the produced biodiesel were within the standard range.

Transesterification of Kapok Seed Oil (Ceiba Pentandra) Into Biodiesel Using Natural Zeolite Catalysts

Impact due to the depletion of fossil-based petroleum reserves and high level of air pollution due to exhaust emissions from the use of fossil fuels, it is necessary to further develop renewable energy sources. This research carried out the development of the transesterification process of kapok seed oil (Ceiba pentandra) into biodiesel using natural zeolite catalyst of Tasikmalaya. In this study, natural zeolite was modified by chemical activation and calcination at temperature 450°C using furnace. Spectrophotometric analysis of the natural zeolite showed the Si/Al ratio before modification was 0.2542 and after modification, it increased to 0.3339. X-Ray Diffraction showed the presence of Si phase at angle 27° with an intensity of 100% and Al phase at angle of 48° with an intensity of 12%. Brunauer Emmet Teller analysis showed the surface area of the natural zeolite catalyst was 699,820 m2/g. The transesterification process was carried out by reacting kapok seed oil with methanol at ratio of 1: 3, 1: 6 and 1: 9 and reacted at temperature of 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C with percent catalyst 5% by weight of oil. The highest biodiesel yield was obtained at operating conditions 60°C with mole ratio of 1: 9 which was 67.90%. The FAME content contained in biodiesel was dominated by ME linoleic at 64.94%, ME oleic by 15.87% and ME palmitate by 14.84%.

Kinetics of Corn Oil Methanolysis Reaction over Na-Modified Mesoporous Gamma Alumina Catalyst

Understanding chemical kinetics is fundamental in substantiating the mechanisms of chemical processes, since each catalyst has its unique properties it is essential for kinetic study with introduction of a new catalyst. Mesoporous gamma alumina was doped with various amounts of NaOH, and applied in the methanolysis of corn oil to investigate its kinetic parameters. The catalysts characterization were perfomed through FTIR, N2-sorption, Basic Back Titration, and FESEM analyses. The number of basic sites increased with with amount of NaOH doping. The FESEM image demonstrates the incorporation of Na into the alumina. From the kinetics study, high k value of 0.01561 min-1 was obtained, which was connected to the presence of high level of unsaturated FFA in corn oil. The Ea and A values were 67.7 kJ mol-1 and 8.6 x 108 min-1, respectively. The Ea value indicated that the methanolysis of corn oil was chemically controlled. While higher value of A implied higher probability of successful collisions, justifying the high biodiesel yield. The positive enthalpy implies the methanolysis reaction is endothermic. While negative entropy value proposed an associative mechanism, implying a reversible reaction. Whereas positive Gibb’s free energy suggests non-spontaneous reaction, hence external energy is required for reaction to progress.

Synthesis of MnFe2O4@graphene oxide catalyst for biodiesel production from waste edible oil

In this study, biodiesel production from waste edible oil (WEO) using MnFe2O4/graphene oxide catalyst was investigated. For this purpose, the surface characterization of the catalyst was determined using SEM, EDX/Map, XRD, VSM, BET, TGA-DTG, CO2-TPD and FTIR analyses. The catalyst could be easily removed from the reactant due to its paramagnetic property. The BET analysis showed that the MnFe2O4/GO catalyst has a significant specific surface area, which is suitable for the transesterification reaction. Also, the CO2-TPD analysis showed that the MnFe2O4/GO catalyst has two broad and strong peaks at a temperature range of 800–900 °C, which indicates strong interactions between CO2 and active sites on the catalyst surface. Moreover, the total number of basic sites on the catalyst surface was obtained 3978.6 μmol of CO2/g of the catalyst, which is a significant value. Due to the presence of high free fatty acids (2.43 wt%) in the WEO, a hydrochloric acid catalyst was used to reduce free fatty acid content before the transesterification process using the MnFe2O4/GO catalyst. The highest biodiesel yield was obtained 96.47%, which was a remarkable value compared to previous works. According to HNMR analysis, a peak was observed at 3.7 ppm, which was attributed to the methoxy group (O–CH3) on the methyl ester, indicating that biodiesel was properly produced. Then, biodiesel was blended with petro-diesel in various proportions (B25–B100) to improve its physical properties. According to the results, the physical characteristics of the biodiesel like flash point, viscosity, cloud point, density and pour point were obtained 176 °C, 5.4 mm2/s, 5 °C, −1 °C, and 882 kg/m3, respectively. Among these properties, the cloud point is not suitable and demonstrates that pure biodiesel can’t be used in the engine in cold weather and should be used in combination with diesel. However, other properties were within the standard range.

Optimised transesterification of used frying oils: production and characterisation of biodiesel

ABSTRACT To compete with the growing energy demands, it is necessary to explore some new alternative sources of energy. Presently, biodiesel is being acknowledged for its environmentally friendly and renewable nature. In order to avoid fuel versus fuel problem, biodiesel can be made by using low-cost feedstocks such as non-conventional seed oils (Jatropha, Karanja and Castor), discarded and repeated fried/used frying oils. This work is targeted towards production of biodiesel from used frying oils collected from local frying outlets. Alkali-catalysed transesterification reaction was applied to make biodiesel through optimisation of different reaction variables with glycerine as the byproduct. Optimised conditions/reaction variables such as catalyst type and concentration, methanol/oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and agitation intensity yielded good quality and high percentage yield of biodiesel. The optimum parameters for biodiesel production were observed as 9:1 molar ratio of methanol/used frying oil, 1.5% KOH by wt. of oil, 60°C reaction temperature and 600 rpm agitation intensity. GC-MS and FTIR analysis of the produced used frying oil methyl esters (UFOMEs) confirmed the complete conversion of oil into biodiesel. The biodiesel fuel properties like density, flash point, kinematic viscosity, cloud point, pour point were determined and found comparable with American (ASTM D6751) and European (EN 14214) standard methods. From the results, it can be concluded that low cost of used frying oil as raw material was observed to be the most important aspect for economic viability of biodiesel production using such feedstocks.

The use of Waste Duck Eggshells for Sustainable Energy Production

In this study, waste duck eggshells were processed into high grade CaOheterogenous catalyst for the esterification-transesterification of palm kernel oil (PKO) to obtain biodiesel. The production processes involved are calcination of duck eggshells into CaO, XRD and XRF analysis of CaO produced, PKO fatty acid components determination, transesterification of the esterified PKO and the formulation of a suitable model. High biodiesel yield of 84% was obtained at catalyst concentration of 9 wt./wt. %, reaction time of 2 hours and methanol/oil mole ratio of 13, using CaO catalyst (derived from duck eggshell). The good quality of biodiesel produced was ascertained by its properties that fall within ASTM specifications (kinematic viscosity of 4.1 mm2/s, flash point of 195°C, density of 869kg/m3, water content of 0.045 v/v %).

Effect of zeolitic nano-catalyst on biodiesel yield and biochar formation during the pyrolysis of tallow

This study investigates the effect of zeolite nano-catalyst on the yield of biodiesel and biochar formed from the pyrolysis of tallow (cow fat). Residual waste cow fat was pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed reactor of laboratory-scale volume 2200 cm3, at operating temperatures of 450, 500, 530, and 580 °C and heating rates of 4, 5, and 6 °C/min. The molecular composition of cow fat was analyzed using a gas chromatography molecular spectrograph (GC-MS). It was observed that the biodiesel produced without a catalyst was mainly composed of aromatic carboxylic acids, esters, alkanes, alkenes, and alkanes, while the biodiesel produced with zeolite nano-catalyst consisted mainly of methyl esters, pentanoic acid, heptanoic acid, cyclo-olefins, 4,4-dimethylcyclohexene, butyl-cyclohexane, butyl-cyclopentane, and 1-pentylcyclopentene. A biodiesel yield of 58% was achieved when a 1% zeolite nano-catalyst was used to pyrolyze the tallow at an operating temperature of 530 °C and heating rate of 6 °C/min. When the tallow was pyrolyzed without a zeolitic catalyst, decarboxylation was promoted, and a higher biodiesel yield of 82.78 wt% was achieved. Results from this study revealed that although zeolite nano-catalyst did not show an incremental effect on the yield of biodiesel, it favors biogas production and biochar formation.

Continuous Integrated Process of Biodiesel Production and Purification—The End of the Conventional Two-Stage Batch Process?

In this research, optimization of the integrated biodiesel production process composed of transesterification of edible sunflower oil, catalyzed by commercial lipase, with simultaneous extraction of glycerol from the reaction mixture was performed. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used in this integrated process as the reaction and extraction media. For two systems, choline chloride:glycerol (ChCl:Gly) and choline chloride:ethylene glycol (ChCl:EG), respectively, the optimal water content, mass ratio of the phase containing the mixture of reactants (oil and methanol) with an enzyme and a DES phase (mass ratio of phases), and the molar ratio of deep eutectic solvent constituents were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). Experiments performed with ChCl:Gly resulted in a higher biodiesel yield and higher glycerol extraction efficiency, namely, a mass ratio of phases of 1:1, a mass fraction of water of 6.6%, and a molar ratio of the ChCl:Gly of 1:3.5 were determined to be the optimal process conditions. When the reaction was performed in a batch reactor under the optimal conditions, the process resulted in a 43.54 ± 0.2% yield and 99.54 ± 0.19% glycerol extraction efficiency (t = 2 h). Unfortunately, the free glycerol content was higher than the one defined by international standards (wG > 0.02%); therefore, the process was performed in a microsystem to enhance the mass transfer. Gaining the same yield and free glycerol content below the standards (wG = 0.0019 ± 0.003%), the microsystem proved to be a good direction for future process optimization.

Production of Biodiesel from Moringa Oleifera and Jatropha Curcas Seed Oils over a Modified ZnO/Fly Ash Catalyst

Abstract Methyl ester biodiesel was produced from Moringa Oleifera oil and Jatropha Curcas oil with the sole aim of assessing the feasibility of the feedstocks as viable sources of biodiesel in Botswana. Oil extraction and transesterification were carried out under identical experimental conditions for both Jatropha Curcas and Moringa Oleifera biomass. Oil was extracted from seeds through a soxhlet extraction method using the solvent, n-hexane. The extracted oil was then trans-esterified at 60 °C using a methanol/oil ratio of 12:1 at a stirring rate of 350 rpm, 3 wt. % catalyst loading and 120 min reaction time. Zinc Oxide modified with fly ash was used as heterogeneous catalyst for the process. GC analysis results of biodiesels produced indicated that the highest biodiesel yield was obtained from Jatropha seed oil. Moringa biodiesel showed a greater proportion of docosanedioic acid while Jatropha biodiesel composed of oleic acid in larger proportions. Both oleic and docosanedioic acid are unsaturated methyl esters. The results obtained suggests Jatropha as the more suitable feedstock as compared to Moringa.

Design and synthesis of novel amphipathic ionic liquids for biodiesel production from soapberry oil

Biodiesel produced from non-edible oils has received intensive attention in recent years. Herein, a series of novel amphipathic ionic liquids (ILs) based on the 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) were prepared for the transesterification of soapberry oil and methanol. The structures of the prepared ILs were systematically characterized by both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR). In addition, the effects of side-chain length of cation and the number of active site (H+) of ILs on the biodiesel yield were investigated, and the results suggested that 1-dodecyl-(4-dimethylammonium)-pyridinium bisulfate ([C12-DMAPH][HSO4]2) exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency. Meanwhile, [C12-DMAPH][HSO4]2 was proven to be amphipathic, and the corresponding catalytic mechanism was proposed. Under the catalysis of [C12-DMAPH][HSO4]2, the optimum operating conditions of transesterification of soapberry oil and methanol were explored via the combination of single factor experiment and response surface methodology, obtaining the high biodiesel yield of (98.02 ± 0.36)% under the optimum operating conditions. Importantly, [C12-DMAPH][HSO4]2 exhibited high stability in the transesterification of soapberry oil and methanol in five consecutive runs. Furthermore, the catalytic activities of [C12-DMAPH][HSO4]2 towards other transesterification of non-edible oils and lower alcohols were also investigated, which indicated a general applicability of the prepared IL.

Produksi Biodiesel dari Dedak Padi dengan Metode In-Situ Dua Tahap Menggunakan Katalis Asam Sulfat dan CaO/Hydrotalcite

In this study, biodiesel is made from rice bran vegetable oil. Biodiesel production was carried out by the in-situ method using two-sides using sulfuric acid catalysts and CaO/hydrotalcite. The solvent used was methanol as an oil component in the material and a reactant in the formation of FAME and n-hexane as a solvent to increase the yield of rice bran oil extraction. CaO/hydrotalcite to the yield of biodiesel produced and composition of biodiesel at the highest yield. As much as 50 grams of rice bran was put into a three-neck flask, then 50 ml of n-hexane were added. Next, 1 ml mixture of a sulfuric acid catalyst and 250 ml of methanol were added. Then, the mixture was reacted at 65º. Add stirring to 600 rpm for 90 minutes. Reheating after 90 minutes and a sample of 2.5 grams was taken for FFA testing. Next, the CaO/hydrotalcite catalyst in 10 ml of methanol with a mass variation of 1; 1,5; and 2 grams are added to the reaction flask. The mixture was reacted again at a temperature of 65 ºSuitably stirrings 600 rpm for 90 minutes. Based on the BET test results, the CaO/hydrotalcite catalyst surface area was 200.13 m2/g. The best results obtained on CaO/hydrotalcite catalysts were 2 grams with a biodiesel yield of 9.56%. In the highest biodiesel yield, the FAME component is preferred over the oleic acid methyl ester composition with an area of 35.09% at a retention time of 19.14 min.

Silica‐supported morpholine alkaline ionic liquid catalysts for preparation of biodiesel

AbstractBiodiesel was synthesized by transesterification of soybean oil and methanol over a silica‐supported morpholine alkaline ionic liquid catalyst (SILC). Characterization of SILC was performed using 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), x‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (XRD), and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption isotherms. Transesterification proceeded satisfactorily over SILC at ambient pressure and without simultaneous water removal. Under optimal reaction conditions, including 60°C, 4 hours, reactant/catalyst molar ratio of 14/1, and 3‐wt% catalyst, a high yield of biodiesel (94.5%) was obtained. SILC's reusability was more than six times, with no obvious decrease in catalytic activity observed.

Improved biodiesel from palm oil using lipase immobilized calcium alginate and Irvingia gabonensis matrices

BackgroundLipase is an important microbial enzyme and biocatalyst in biodiesel production. The study investigated fuel properties of biodiesel produced from palm oil (PO) using lipase immobilized on Irvingia gabonensis and calcium alginate.ResultsBiodiesel yield from PO using free and immobilized lipases was highest at 35 °C and pH 7, with product yield using calcium alginate-immobilized lipase, CAIL (94.42, 96.9%) higher than using Irvingia gabonensis-immobilized lipase, IGIL (92.54, 95.8%). Biodiesel produced using immobilized lipases had similar pour point, cloud point, and kinematic viscosity, and they possessed improved fuel properties compared to free lipase biodiesel in terms of densities at 15 °C and flash point. Pour points, flash point, and kinematic viscosity of biodiesel produced using CAIL and IGIL met American and European Standards but density at 15 °C and cloud points are below both standards. CAIL and IGIL biodiesel had similar fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) compounds and consisted more of unsaturated fatty acids (hexadecanoate, 9-octadecenoate, octadecanoate, dodecanoate, and 9,12-octadeca-dienoate) than obtained in biodiesel from free lipase. IGIL and CAIL were re-used in 8 and 12 cycles respectively, with > 90% biodiesel yield achieved in four and 11 cycles.ConclusionsThe study showed that lipase immobilized on Irvingia gabenensis and calcium alginate and used in biodiesel production retained high enzyme activity and biodiesel yield in repeated cycles.

Production of biodiesel from used cooking using linear regression analysis

Biodiesel represents a closed carbon dioxide cycle (approximately 78%) because it is derived from renewable biomass sources. Bio means its biological and renewable source, and represents its use as a fuel on diesel engines. Biodiesel is defined as “mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils and animal fats”. The present study was carried out in order to identify an effective treatment of used cooking oil to get the ideal specification condition to obtain high yield of biodiesel and get the best conversion ratio of used cooking oil to biodiesel. The linear regression analysis concluded that methanol to oil ratio and catalyst concentration have a high positive statistical significant effect. Temperature has a positive statistical significant effect. The process time had a non statistical significant negative effect on the biodiesel yield and the mixing rate had a highly negative statistical significant effect. The best methyl ester conversion obtained was 99.2 wt.% based on the following conditions : methanol to oil molar ratio of 7.54:1, catalyst concentration of 0.875% , 1.17 hr. of reaction time, temperature of 52 °C, mixing rate 266 rpm.

High-density biofuels production from holistic conversion of microalgal strains through energy-saving integrated approach

The commercial feasibility regarding conversion of the high-solid-loading microalgal suspensions for high-titer biofuels production is questionable owing to incomplete utilization and high processing costs. In this study, the production of multiple highly concentrated biofuels (bioethanol, higher alcohols, and biodiesel) was achieved through cost-effective integrated approach (pretreatment, serial fermentation of carbohydrate/protein, and transesterification of lipid) from highly concentrated (100 g/L) microalgal suspensions (Chlamydomonas mexicana and Chlamydomonas pitschmannii). This integrated approach attained unprecedented total conversion efficiency (48–63%) and maximum total biomass utilization (77–86%) for both the microalgal strains with high yields of bioethanol (0.48 g-ethanol/g-carbohydrate), higher alcohols (0.44 g-higher alcohols/g-protein), and biodiesel (0.82–0.89 g-biodiesel/g-lipid) at suspensions of 100 g/L. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to visualize the changes in the intercellular morphologies before and after serial fermentations. Thus, this study demonstrates a cost-effective and energy-saving integrated approach for the holistic conversion of high-solid-loading microalgal biomass to produce high-density biofuels with minimum waste generation.

Enhanced biodiesel production from oleic acid using TiO2-decorated magnetic ZIF-8 nanocomposite catalyst and its utilization for used frying oil conversion to valuable product

In this study, a new recyclable TiO2-decorated magnetic ZIF-8 (Fe3O4@ZIF-8/TiO2) nanocomposite catalyst was first synthesized and its structural and morphological properties were characterized through different techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, TEM, EDX, TPD, and VSM. Then, biodiesel was produced using the Fe3O4@ZIF-8/TiO2 catalyst through the esterification of oleic acid in the presence of ethanol. Response surface methodology (RSM) was also employed to achieve the optimum experimental operating variables affecting the yield of biodiesel production. Significant variables like the amount of catalyst, the molar ratio of alcohol to fatty acid, reaction time, and temperature were optimized through RSM to achieve the highest yield of biodeisel production. The results indicated that the highest biodiesel yield is obtained at the reaction temperature of 50 °C, the reaction time of 62.5 min, the alcohol to oleic acid molar ratio 30:1, and 0.2 g (6 %wt) amount of catalyst. In this condition, the highest yield of biodiesel production was found 80% and 93% using ethanol and methanol, respectively; around 40% higher than pristine TiO2 and magnetic ZIF-8. Subsequently, the biodiesel production in optimum conditions was evaluated from frying oil by using the as-prepared catalyst. The result from 1H NMR and GC–MS analyses confirmed the efficient conversion of frying oil wastes to valuable biofuel product.

Parametric optimization of biodiesel synthesis from Capparis spinosa oil using NaOH/NaX as nanoheterogeneous catalyst by response surface methodology

In this research, Capparis spinosa oil was used as a feedstock for biodiesel production in the presence of NaOH/NaX as a nano heterogeneous catalyst. The NaOH/NaX catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, and BET analyses. The transesterification reaction was optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) of experiments. The effects of key variables of catalyst weight, methanol to oil molar ratio, and time on the reaction were studied, and a precise discussion about the impact of each process variable on the biodiesel yield was carried out. The highest biodiesel yield was 90.33% for the optimum reaction conditions that include a constant temperature of 60 °C, methanol to oil molar ratio of 6.7:1, catalyst weight of 2.3 wt%, and reaction time of 1.24 h. Furthermore, all physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel were matched to the ASTM standard. Based on the obtained results, Capparis spinosa oil is a suitable source for biodiesel production.

Experimental investigation on biodiesel production incorporating deep eutectic solvents

In recent years, biodiesel has been proving to be a remarkable alternative for petro-diesel. In this research study, an effort has been made to improve the yield of biodiesel by using a synthesised novel deep eutectic solvent (DES). The synthesised DES of different composition was checked for its superiority for biodiesel production using sesame oil. Experiments were conducted with different parameters such as molar ratio of alcohol to oil and agitation speed at fixed temperature and contact time. The molar ratio of methanol to oil is 8:1, at a temperature of 60°C and a reaction time of 60 min proved to be the optimum condition for DESs. All tested DESs have been able to improve the yield of biodiesel compared to non-DES. The highest yield of biodiesel (97·8%) has been achieved by using ethylene glycol as the hydrogen donor in the ratio 1:2 and at a molar ratio of 8:1 with agitation speed of 1200 r/min. All the properties of prepared biodiesel met the American Society for Testing and Materials standards such as viscosity, flash point and specific gravity. The synthesised choline chloride-DES proved to be effective in improving the yield of biodiesel and thus can be used as an alternative to ionic liquids.