Scientific Heritage Research Articles

Scientific heritage of E. I. Kozlova and its importance for the development of the Russian doctrine of public authority

The article is dedicated to analyzing the research activities of Ekaterina Ivanovna Kozlova in the context of contemporary challenges in constitutional law and the formation process of the domestic doctrine of public power. The article conducts a profound examination of E. I. Kozlova’s scientific legacy, addressing issues relating to popular sovereignty, patterns of forming the people’s will, as well as the characteristics of the representative nature of state bodies, municipal, and public representation. As a result of the analysis, key features of the constitutional structure of public power were identified, including shifts in the balance between general and detailed regulations when establishing the fundamentals of societal organization and the core values of society. Conclusions were drawn regarding the potential for further detailed elaboration and clarification of constitutional norms pertaining to the category of “public power”. These findings underscore the importance of continuing research in the field of constitutional law and advancing the understanding of public power within the context of contemporary challenges and the needs of Russian society.

Жизненный путь личности: опыт социально-философской концептуализации

Introduction. The purpose of the study is to carry out a socio-philosophical analysis of the scientific heritage of researchers of the concept of the “life path of a personality”, to systematize the material, as well as to create a foundation for a socio-philosophical understanding of this category. Theoretical analysis. The article identifies three dimensions through which the concept under study is presented: everyday, artistic and scientific. Their specificity is determined, as well as the existing difficulties in their relationship. The main concepts of S. Buhler, S. L. Rubinstein, B. G. Ananyev are analyzed to identify significant elements of the socio-philosophical understanding of the category. Conclusion. The research uses the potential of social philosophy to comprehend the experience of scientists who have consolidated the concept of a life path in scientific discourse, as well as laid the foundation for its further understanding. Seven grounds were identified: scientific justification, integrity of the path, dynamics and consistency, heterogeneity of direction, points of beginning and end, the subject of the path, socio-historical context. The identified elements in the author’s positions allow us to talk about the chosen phenomenon from the point of view of consistency. The results obtained will allow us to continue the socio-philosophical study of the concept of the life path of a personality, which can serve as a basis for ensuring the stability of the personality of being in modern conditions.

Continuity and dialogue in the constitutional and legal development of Russia: reflections in the context of the scientific heritage of E. I. Kozlova

The article is an experience of reflection on the meaning and nature of continuity in the constitutional development of the institutions of Russian statehood in the context of the ideological and scientific heritage of Professor E. I. Kozlova. Defending the position according to which continuity is not an imperative-determinant, but a dialogic (discursive) characteristic of constitutional and legal development, involving the identification and interpretation of political and legal traditions, ideals, values in their refraction through the prism of specific historical conditions and perceived hopes, aspirations for the future, the author sees in continuity a source and institution of sovereign self-organization of the people. Following these methodological approaches, which are being confirmed, substantiation in the works of Professor E. I. Kozlova, who managed to remain modern and timely in different historical eras, the author reveals the actual significance of a number of ideas of Professor E. I. Kozlova in relation to understanding the essence of the Constitution, constitutional law in order to gain a confident constitutional future of Russia in legal science, education, regulation and legal practice.

Institutes of representative democracy in the scientific heritage of Professor E. I. Kozlova

The article is devoted to the analysis and consolidation of the main conclusions about the legal nature and features of domestic institutions of representative democracy in the works of Professor, Doctor of Law Ekaterina Ivanovna Kozlova. It is concluded that representative bodies and the will of the people remained the scientific interest of the founder of modern constitutionalism throughout his entire research career. From the point of view of the timeless nature of judgments and law enforcement in current realities, the elements and institutions of representative democracy are analyzed: sessional order of work; meetings as a form of activity; the formation of auxiliary and working bodies, which, in turn, cannot be classified as independent institutions of representative democracy; feedback, reports, preliminary discussions of decisions as a form of communication between deputies and voters; the principle of transparency and detailed legal regulation of activities. Ekaterina Ivanovna’s negative assessment of the rejection of the procedure for constituting representative bodies is supported.

Applied cratology and the political process through the prism of the scientific heritage of E. I. Kozlova

The will of the multinational people of Russia is the basis of the political process of a modern state. The values enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation are a guideline for the political process, legal consolidation of goals and objectives facing the state and civil society; the basis for specific legal regulation and act as a criterion for balancing various interests. The article analyzes the creative heritage of Professor E. I. Kozlova in terms of her study of fundamental issues of the theory of democracy and various forms of its manifestation and mechanisms of implementation. Over the course of many years of her creative life, Ekaterina Ivanovna Kozlova has studied the evolution of the conceptual foundations of democracy in the Russian Federation, the quintessence of which is the will of the people. In light of the constitutional amendments of 2020 and the digitalization of state and public life, ideas, fears and judgments about the significance of the will of the people of the classics of state (constitutional) law take on a new meaning. The institutionalization of the political process and its legal concept is the basis of the modern theory of practical cratology. The author’s vision of the constitutional design of the foundations, tasks and subjects of the political process is proposed.

Methodological legacy of Professor M.T. Baranov (to the 100th anniversary of the birth)

The article focuses on a crucial issue, namely it aims to analyse the scientific and pedagogical activity of M.T. Baranov (1924–1999), an outstanding Russian scientist, teacher, methodologist-Russianist, who popularised the science of language and created the methodological school of thought "Linguistic worldview formation". From a modern linguodidactic perspective, the study presents his scientific heritage analysis and considers the most significant works on Russian language teaching. Moreover, the paper outlines the main methodological ideas of M.T. Baranov and highlights the content of some of the scientist’s significant writings, including the study guide "A Methodology of Vocabulary and Phraseology in Russian Language Lessons", which has great scientific methodological potential. Professor M.T. Baranov’s contribution to the methodological science development was deeply appreciated by his followers, like-minded scientists, and contemporaries. In modern conditions, methodological writings by M.T. Baranov enable us to continue the search for creative solutions in the field of Russian language teaching as well as other issues of school and university pedagogical education. Research methods included analysis, synthesis, scientific generalisation. As a result, the paper has analysed the scientific legacy of the scholar and objectively evaluated his works from a modern standpoint. The valuable experience of M.T. Baranov should be considered in the process of training language and literature teachers in modern Russia.

Beyond Heritage Science: A Review

Heritage science is an established and thriving field of enquiry. Initially considered as inherently cross-disciplinary, encompassing both the needs of conservators and practitioners and the high-quality evidence produced by scientists, heritage science has, through its expansion in recent years, formed a discipline in its own right. Here, we examine how heritage science can, and to an extent has, moved beyond the straightforward scientific analysis of historical materials and artefacts through an exploration of heritage science’s interactions with four key themes: (i) historical and archival research, (ii) conservation practice, (iii) policy at governmental, organisational and institutional levels, and (iv) a view to how new technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, can shape the future of heritage science. Much of the review narrative is framed via the analysis of UK-based case studies; however, they deal with issues that are international in nature (universal) and therefore transcend the UK context. Taken together, we demonstrate that heritage science as a discipline is capable of directly instigating or (re-)framing new areas or avenues of research, as well as enhancing and feeding into existing research questions, and has adapted and evolved along with emerging technologies and funding opportunities.

Application of the Heritage Urbanism Model on the Example of the Renovation and Revitalisation of the Town Parks of Opatija

Opatija, the first climatic health resort on the eastern coast of the Adriatic and the elegant center of the tourist riviera of the same name in Croatia, is characterized by an impressive identity and a unique image of the town formed in the unity of urbanism, architecture and park architecture in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Town authorities strive to protect, restore and revitalize their rich park heritage, especially town parks and promenades. Therefore, Opatija's town parks were considered as a case study in the scientific project Heritage Urbanism (HERU), which defined general and special models for the renovation and revitalization of cultural-historical heritage. This paper provides an overview of appropriate models of renovation and revitalization of all ten Opatija's town parks using the HERU method, based on established factors of their identity and criteria for preserving their values, improving their condition and possible new interventions in them. It is concluded that it would be necessary to apply a certain combination of 14 general and special models. The results of the research are applicable in urban planning and tourist development planning in Opatija and other similar tourist resorts in Croatia and abroad.

Advanced Microspatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy for Noninvasive Imaging of Concealed Texts and Figures Using Raman Signal, Fluorescence Emission, and Overall Spectral Intensity.

This study explores the possibility of using microspatially offset Raman spectroscopy (micro-SORS) imaging to reconstruct noninvasively letters and figures hidden by opaque layers. Micro-SORS experiments were conducted on mockup samples that mimic real situations encountered in the cultural heritage field, such as sealed letters with inaccessible text and original documents. Subsurface images were obtained using both the characteristic Raman bands of the hidden compounds and their different optical properties from the remaining matrix. In the latter case, contrast obtained through observing a difference in the overall spectral intensity and fluorescence profile rather than any specific Raman bands were used to track the images within the hidden layer. This approach opens new prospects for the use of micro-SORS in heritage science, with applications in the field that include the study of objects covered by opaque overlayers not only through their Raman signatures but also through differences in their optical properties (e.g., fluorescence emission, absorption).

Using the geoheritage framework to explore the intersection of diverse legacies at Grand Caverns, Virginia, USA

Abstract Grand Caverns is the oldest show cave in continuous operation in the contiguous United States. Discovered in 1804, Grand Caverns has been offering at least one tour per year continuously from 1806 until now. For more than two centuries Grand Caverns – which is host to diverse and uncommon solution cave speleothems, such as cave shields – has served as the centre for multidisciplinary research related to limestones in Virginia and has accrued historical accounts relevant to the Shenandoah Valley (nestled between the Blue Ridge Mountains to the east and the Allegheny Mountains to the west) in the Commonwealth of Virginia. In this article, we explore the geological, historical, mapping and geotourism legacies of Grand Caverns, using its geoheritage as a narrative framework. In addition, we discuss the intersection of historical and diverse concurrent heritages at Grand Caverns and their relevance for understanding national show caves and cave development processes, and we share ongoing efforts towards the construction of a proposal to elevate Grand Caverns to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage list.

Integration of professor A.V. Mironov’s scientific heritage into modern educational video resources for younger students

In this paper, the authors reveal the practical significance of the scientific works of Anatoly Vladimirovich Mironov, Honorary Professor of Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University, in the context of modern education, demonstrating an innovative approach to adapting his theoretical concepts to create digital educational resources. The main goal of the project is to integrate the research of natural resources and ecology of the Republic of Tatarstan into a series of videos for elementary school students. The students who participated in the project not only mastered video creation technologies, but also deepened their knowledge in the field of pedagogy, theory and technology of teaching the integrated course «The World around us», environmental education of younger schoolchildren. Under the guidance of teachers, future teachers studied the scientific works of A.V. Mironov, adapted his methodological recommendations to create interactive and accessible video content for elementary school students. The project successfully combined theory and practice, allowing future teachers not only to form professional competencies, but also to develop creative potential. The use of video materials based on the scientific heritage of A.V. Mironov contributes to the activation of the educational process, making it more engaging and interesting for younger students. The created videos reflecting the ecology and natural wealth of Tatarstan are valuable additional material to the lessons of studying the world around us.

Pendekatan Terhadap Islam Dalam Studi Agama

One prominent issue in contemporary Islamic Studies discourse is the adaptation of methodologies and epistemologies that have significantly evolved, causing themes in Islamic Studies to be perceived as rigid and static due to not keeping pace with contemporary scientific developments. The controversy surrounding the adoption of these methodologies generally divides the Islamic community into two opinions. The first opinion suggests that the current lag in the Islamic community is not due to a lack of responsiveness or adaptability to various scientific-philosophical-academic advancements. Instead, it asserts that the lag is a result of Muslims abandoning their rich intellectual and scientific heritage. Therefore, the proposed solution to revive the Islamic community from its decline is through a "back to the past" approach, retracing the steps of the classical Islamic scientific civilization that once flourished. This viewpoint is represented by Muhammad Abdul Rauf. On the other hand, the second opinion contends that the adaptation of methodologies is imperative if the Islamic community is to avoid falling behind in the competition of scientific-philosophical-academic discourse, which has implications for the rapid growth of civilization with the scientific-philosophical-academic world as its axis. This perspective is represented by Fazlur Rahman.

Archaeological Heritage Management and Science on War and Terror Sites in Brandenburg, Germany

The Brandenburg State Archaeology Museum has been conserving and analysing relics of war and terror for 25 years, and as a result of this work archaeology is now an integral part of Nazi camp research (Kersting et al. 2016a; Theune 2018). Many camp sites have been investigated, including concentration camps and their subcamps, forced labour camps, and prisoner-of-war camps (Kersting 2020; 2022). While most objects of an industrial culture of the 20th century can be quickly assigned a function, functions do change. Such a shift is a characteristic of Nazi camp finds and reflects their context of bondage and deprivation. The identification of the functions of material remains enables their association with different spheres of life in the camp, so that both perpetrator and victim groups are documented archaeologically. Moreover, these finds serve as tangible evidence to refute any relativisation of the crimes.

The Italian Genius on Display. The First National Exhibition of History of Science (Florence, 1929) and the Preservation of Scientific Heritage in Fascist Italy, by Francesco Barreca

The Italian Genius on Display. The First National Exhibition of History of Science (Florence, 1929) and the Preservation of Scientific Heritage in Fascist Italy, by Francesco Barreca

Housing Affairs and Urban Heritage Conservation in George Town World Heritage Site, Penang Island

ABSTRACT In recent decades, issues relating to affordable and inclusive housing have become pressing in the light of globalization and urban neo-liberalism. The predicament is not only common in modern cities but also unfolding in historic cities, especially after receiving the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site inscription. While there are upsides and downsides to the debate on how urban heritage conservation intersects with housing affairs, arguably, the situation and outcomes differ across temporal and geographical contexts. This study aims to examine the relationship between urban heritage conservation and its implications on affordable and inclusive housing in the George Town World Heritage Site. Based on mixed research methods, the findings gathered indicated that following two defining moments namely, (i) the repeal of the Control of Rent Act; and (ii) the UNESCO inscription, socio-economic transformations have altered the demographics, socio-economic base and housing demands/needs of the heritage site. Undoubtedly, gentrification has set in and housing is deemed unaffordable, especially to low-income citizenry. The study recommends that conceptual notions, policy affairs and action plans in GTWHS should integrate the aspect of inclusive housing to ensure that no one in the heritage site is deprived of a roof above their heads.

Народний характер поляків у філософсько-педагогічних експлораціях на зламі ХІХ–ХХ століть (на матеріалі спадщини Юліана Леопольда Охоровича)

There is proposed the analysis of conceptual foundations in researching of Poles’ national character on materials of Julian Leopold Ochorowicz (1850-1917) scientific heritage connected with philosophical and pedagogical implications of his ideas. Ochorowicz’s contribution to interdisciplinary approach on Poles’ national character is emphasizing. The heuristically potential of this approach is explicated using reconstruction and systemizing of his views, which had played a significant role in determining intentionality in discussions on the matter «What philosophy do Poles need?” for the successful self-statement in their national being. Critically evaluating of this experience there is combined with verifying of his theoretical assumptions that should be actual also in Ukrainian social and cultural contexts. Ochorowicz belongs to the group of outstanding Polish scholars with wide scientific interests and original achievements. This article presents his research on history perceived as a collective psychological process. In Poland, Ochorowicz should be regarded as a precursor of psychohistory. An important role in his conception is played by the theory of the so-called residual symptoms, on the basis of which he developed the concept of Poles’ national character with its educational implications. The question about the rudiments of our national character sharpens in border situations, in which those traits, previously presented in a declarative form, are verified. The strength of a nation is encoded in the irreal sphere, i.e. in the sphere of values around which people group themselves.

Current Situation and Development Perspectives of the National Library of Azerbaijan Named After M. F. Akhundov

In the era of the modern information society, the eminent librarian scientist, Honored cultural worker, professor K.I. Ismayilov gave a special place to the problems of scientific and theoretical analysis of the formation of library funds in his wide-ranging scientific heritage and made deep generalizations. The scientist writes in his book "Library-information technologies": "Libraries, as an institution that fulfills the function of meeting the document-information needs of society, play the role of a necessary tool in the formation of civil society. Information resources of libraries have no time and space limitations. On the other hand, in addition to being a place where existing documents are stored, libraries play the role of a door to the world of information thanks to modern technologies. The article provides brief information about the history of the National Library named after M.F. Akhundov, and mentions the scientific-theoretical basis of the formation of the library fund.

Sri Aurobindo on Nationalism- A Perspective

The long mendicant era of the Indian National Congress (1885-1905) created a need for a leader in Indian nationalist politics who could rally the populace to struggle for political independence from the British. Sri Aurobindo fulfilled that space and employed his ideas of nationalism that has been the subject of scholarly debate for a long period. His inclusive national strategies to stir the entire nation played a key role. But his conception of nationalism goes beyond the struggle for freedom. He was on a mission to create a new country based on India's rich spiritual and cultural heritage and modern European sciences. As far as India’s diversity is concerned, the task seemed greater than anything else. His writings especially in his journal Bande Mataram created waves among the masses. He appealed to the then-fragmented population to ascribe to the identity of one nation. His nationalism aimed at the Indian Renaissance through both political freedom and spiritual regeneration. This study will highlight most of the salient features of his nationalism.

ИВАН АНДРЕЕВИЧ ГЕЙМ - РЕКТОР МОСКОВСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА И УЧЁНЫЙ-ЭНЦИКЛОПЕДИСТ

The article presents the main stages of the scientific path of Ivan A. Heim (Bernhard Andreas von Heim, 1758-1821), a representative of the German academic society, who moved to Russia in 1779 and held the position of the rector of Moscow University from 1808 to 1819. I.A. Heim’s scientific heritage in the field of linguistics, geography and statistics is considered. The great merits of I.A. Heim in the organization of evacuation of Moscow University during the Patriotic War of 1812 and its subsequent restoration are shown.

Information about the Scientific and Methodological Seminar “Linguodidactic Description of the Russian Language in the ‘mirror’ of Foreign Language Systems”

On November 1–2, 2023, a scientific and methodological seminar “Linguodidactic description of the Russian language in the ‘mirror’ of foreign language systems” was held at the Faculty of Philology of Lomonosov Moscow State University. The event was dedicated to the scientific heritage of Maya Vladimirovna Vsevolodova, the outstanding linguist, Honored Professor of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Honorary Professor of Shanghai University of Foreign Languages and to the 95th anniversary of her birth. 30 reports concerning various issues of theory and practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language and native language were presented in two days.