Henrico County Research Articles

The Fight for Political Representation: The Use of the Voting Rights Act and the Federal Court System by Black Plaintiffs in Henrico County, Virginia

There has been an abundance of written work on the historic fight for black political equality in southern urban areas. However, almost no scholarly work exists on the fight for black political equality in the rapidly expanding southern suburbs. This article analyzes the rise of the black population and its fight for political representation on the local governing board in Henrico County, a large suburb of Richmond, Virginia. The article details the increase in the black population in Henrico County from 1950 to 2000 and provides a descriptive analysis how black plaintiffs used the Voting Rights Act in a redistricting suit against the county in 1988. Many arguments made by the defendants and the plaintiffs are similar to the fierce civil right battles, that occurred during the Massive Resistance era in the 1950s and 1960s in Virginia. However, what is unique about this case is that it occurred in the late‐1980s and early‐1990s in an expanding suburb.

“Sow's Ear to Silk Purse” Upgrade and Expansion of the Solids Handling Facilities at the Henrico County Water Reclamation Facility

“Sow's Ear to Silk Purse” Upgrade and Expansion of the Solids Handling Facilities at the Henrico County Water Reclamation Facility

The "Tip Of The Iceberg" In A Southern Suburban County

All across America on January 20, 1986, there were celebrations and school holidays in honor of the first holiday of the birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr. In the county of Henrico, a suburb of Richmond, Virginia, the students were in school. Henrico's school administration and school board decided that the students should be in school learning about the contributions of Dr. King. The African American community in the suburb of Henrico County believed this was a slap in the face. The county observed birthdays for White historical figures but would not observe the first federal holiday for one of the most prominent African Americans in the 20th century. This article examines how the King holiday issue mobilized the Black community into political action. It also analyzes how African Americans are trying to secure equal rights in public policies and political representation in the increasingly diversified suburbs of the South.

Developing a new generation of educational leaders by capitalizing on partnerships

This article describes a new partnership for leadership preparation between the University of Virginia and three school districts in the metropolitan area of Richmond, Virginia: Hanover County Public Schools, Chesterfield County Public Schools and Henrico County Public Schools. A brief history of the establishment of the partnership is given along with some of the key planning details that helped create it. The initiative is grounded in the current literature on new programs for principal preparation and some reflections are offered on its potential strengths. Other school districts and universities are encouraged to form similar partnerships for the benefit of future educational leaders.

From Superfund Site to Developable Property: The Case of Rentokil

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (42 USC §§9601 et seq.), commonly known as Superfund, was enacted on 11 December 1980 to facilitate the clean-up of hazardous waste sites. Superfund authorizes the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to compel responsible parties to clean up such sites. Superfund has been the source of extensive criticism since its inception. In response to this criticism, the EPA undertook a series of administrative reforms in 1993 to make the Superfund programme faster, fairer and more efficient. As of September 2000, active site remediation was complete at 757 (43%) of the 1779 national priority list (NPL) sites and 218 sites (12%) had been deleted from the NPL. Rentokil, a former wood-preserving plant on a 10 acre (4 ha) site in Henrico County, Virginia, was brought to the Virginia Health Department's attention as a threat to human health and the environment in 1989, was listed on the NPL the same year and was fully cleaned up in 1999. The cost of cleaning up Rentokil was $12 million, or $37.08 per square foot ($412 per square metre). The site is proposed to be redeveloped for tax-generating light industrial and commercial use. Rentokil reflects the EPA's implementation of several reforms geared toward reconciling cost considerations with remedy effectiveness and expedient implementation, and facilitating redevelopment. This case study's examination of Rentokil's progression through the Superfund process is intended to provide planning practitioners and students with insight into the Superfund programme and process, as well as an awareness of the challenges confronting Superfund's success.

The Effectiveness of Force Used by Police in Making Arrests

The use of force by police continues to be an important criminal justice and public policy issue. As potential abuses of force by police have come under scrutiny in recent years, law enforcement agencies have struggled to find safe and effective mechanisms for controlling resistant or violent suspects. Relying on self-report questionnaires completed by Henrico County, Virginia police officers in the summer of 1999, we examined the effectiveness of police use of force in arrest situations. We found that Henrico County officers used force (more than a gentle hold) in approximately 23% of all tactics employed when making arrests. Officers also reported high levels of effectiveness for all types of verbal direction and physical force. Both suspect and officer injuries were rare, with only a small number of minor injuries reported. We conclude that officer expectations and training regarding the use of force should be brought into line with the reality that most arrests will be nonviolent and will not require the application of physical force.

RATING OF HENRICO COUNTY BNR PLANT TREATMENT CAPACITY USING A CALIBRATED ACTIVATED SLUDGE MODEL

RATING OF HENRICO COUNTY BNR PLANT TREATMENT CAPACITY USING A CALIBRATED ACTIVATED SLUDGE MODELThe Henrico County Water Reclamation Plant (WRP)incorporates two parallel BNR processes, the Oxygen Activated Sludge (OAS) process and the Diffused Air Activated Sludge (DAS) process. The total treatment capacity of the existing plant was given as 45 mgd.The WRP required upgrading and expansion to deal with the increasing wastewater flow and associated load. A number of plant upgrading options for...Author(s)Andrŕ van NiekerkPaul PittMark PrenticeJim CramerSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 39 - Municipal Wastewater Treatment Symposium: Nitrogen and Phosphorus RemovalDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2000ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20000101)2000:11L.856;1-DOI10.2175/193864700784544712Volume / Issue2000 / 11Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)856 - 871Copyright2000Word count206

Out in This World

Lesbian and gay parents are profoundly affected by the political and legal climate within which they live and raise their children. This paper explores the changing legal treatment of lesbian and gay families in the United States and Canada during the past two decades. Through an examination of recent American and Canadian child custody, and access and adoption cases in which sexual orientation has been a factor, the author documents homophobic laws and policies facing lesbian and gay families, as well as the important legal and political victories they have achieved. On a recent car trip through Virginia, a small roadside sign caught my attention: “You are leaving Henrico County.” Henrico County: the jurisdiction where Sharon Bottoms lost custody of her child; the jurisdiction where lesbian mothers still risk the automatic loss of their children. I looked over at my 13-year-old daughter, fast asleep in the passenger's seat, and thought once again about the fragility of our lives.

Gentle Invaders: Quaker Women Educators and Racial Issues During the Civil War and Reconstruction (review)

52Quaker History compilation ofpictures ofpeople and meeting houses followed by excerpts from references to Indiana meetings in the writings ofFriends who visited Indiana, from William Forster in 1824 to Thomas Kelly in 1915. The reader will have to look elsewhere to understand the important issues that concerned Indiana Friends and shaped the faith and practice of the yearly meeting. The discussions of the Hicksite, Anti-slavery, and Conservative separations are chronicles of events that offer very little explanation ofthe issues involved. Slightlymore explanation is given ofthe rise ofevangelicalism, but to satisfy the need or desire to know the how and why of these important developments the reader would want to look at Thomas Hamm's The Transformation ofAmerican Quakerism: Orthodox Friends, 1800-1907 (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1988; paperback ed., 1992). Indiana Friends Heritage updates an earlier anniversary history of Indiana Yearly Meeting, Our Special Heritage: The Sesquicentennial Publication ofIndiana Yearly Meeting ofFriends, written by Richard P. Ratcliff for the 1971 celebration [Indiana Yearly Meeting, 1970]. It proceeds at a more leisurely pace, exploring issues and events in brief essays generously illustrated. The institutions and churches are treated similarly to the newhistory. The new history adds morepictures and details to provide a very useful reference, one that I know will be used often in the Friends Historical Collection. Carole TreadwayGuilford College Friends Historical CollectionGreensboro, North Carolina Gentle Invaders: Quaker Women Educators and Racial Issues During the Civil War and Reconstruction. By Linda B. Selleck. Richmond, IN: Friends United Press, 1995. 312pp. Maps, illustrations, appendices, notes, glossary, bibliography, and index. Paper. It is well-known that Quakerism provided a fertile seedbed for women to grow away from the confining sphere of Victorian domesticity. Traditional Quakerwitness to the equal gifts ofwomen, combined with a concern for educating and aiding first slaves then freed Blacks, provided opportunities for some Quaker women to exercise courageous ministries. Selleck charts the rise of Quaker education for Blacks, beginning with Anthony Benezet in his home in 1750. By 1797 Philadelphia Friends supported seven schools for Blacks. Combined orphanage/schools continued to be established, such as "The Shelter" in 1814, and Cheyney in 1822. Schools were established in Virginia: Alexandria in 1764, Henrico County in 1782, Book Reviews53 and Gravelly Runin 1808. LevyandVestal Coffin taught a summersabbath school for slaves in North Carolina in 1 82 1 . But the harsh reaction to Nat Turner's rebellion in 1 83 1 brought laws forbidding Black education in the South and Black immigration to the North. This was the hostile climate in which Prudence Crandall opened her school for "young ladies and little "misses of color" in Connecticut in 1833. It was not until nearly two decades later that the work was actively resumed. Selleck recounts vignettes ofthe Friends women who, in increasing numbers, responded to the call to offer their services during and after the Civil War and Reconstruction. She also mentions Blackwomen, usually educated in Quaker schools, who became skilled teachers and administrators . Two longer stories are ofLaura Towne ofWilliam Penn School on St. Helena Island, South Carolina, and Alida and Calvin Clark of Southland College in Helena, Arkansas. The Claries opened an orphanage and school in partnership with the 56th Colored Infantry Regiment. Alida shared her faith as well as her learning, and soon names of prospective Black members were sent to her home meeting in Richmond, Indiana. In 1 868 seven were admitted, followed by eight the next year. In 1 868 Daniel Drew became the first Black recorded Friends minister. This wasn't what many Friends had in mind when they funded the mission. Indiana Yearly Meeting solved the delicate difficulty by making Southland a Monthly Meeting in 1873. Eventually it had over 500 African American and three white members. There had been eleven Black recorded ministers (all male) when the meeting was laid down at the school's closing in 1925. While some individual Friends were clear in their response to the plight of Blacks, the Religious Society of Friends as a whole remained ambivalent . Friends responded magnificently to pleas for relief funds, but remained mostly unwilling to encourage Blacks to join their meetings. Selleck raises some interesting issues, which are not explored...

5423922 Delacquering of aluminum cans for recycling: Kirk Thomas E Henrico County, VA, United States Assigned to Reynolds Metals Company

Increasing population and individual wealth have led to a higher demand for energy and raw material resources as well as for steady improvement of processing technology in view of efficient use of resources and avoiding emissions in production and recycling processes. Present situation and future trend of recycling processing are discussed by examples from the aluminium and steel industries, recycling of cars and post-consumer municipal recovery. The importance of more intense observance of thermodynamic laws and of a 4E strategy “Economy, Energy, Environment and Education” is outlined.

Designing High Concentration Ozone Contactors for Drinking Water Treatment Plants

The design of high concentration ozone contacting systems requires special attention to ensure that mass transfer, mixing and disinfection objectives are met when low volumetric gas flow rates are used. This becomes especially critical when the ozone contactor is designed for primary disinfection and must meet CT (ozone concentration multiplied by contact time] disinfection values. This paper presents design guidelines for high concentration ozone contactors. These guidelines then are applied to the design of a new 55-mgd two-stage ozonation potable water plant for Henrico County, Virginia. Finally, a new type of in–line ozone injection contactor is presented as an alternative to fine-bubble diffusion contactors to provide primary disinfection.

The History of Henrico County.

The History of Henrico County.

Language and Success

ONE'S OCCUPATION TO A GREAT EXTENT determines the degree to which he or she is successful in life. Success in an occupation gives one a feeling of well-being and self-satisfaction that one has adequately fulfilled a place and role in life and in the community. At the same time one's use of a particular register of language or dialect on as well as off the job often determines the degree of success in it. Some employers expect their employees to use a kind of language that they think lends prestige to the company and an air of competence to the employees. Some employers use this kind of language themselves and expect their employees to use it on the job simply because they believe it to be the best brand of English. The kind of language most often preferred for these reasons in the business community is standard or educated English, the language some people call good English. In order to determine the degree to which employers want their employees to use certain varieties of a language or dialect, I undertook to study the hiring, assigning, and employing patterns of certain employers who listened to varieties of English and then decided which one was most appropriate for their jobs.1 During the summer of 1980, I visited and interviewed thirty-five potential and actual employers of students and graduates of John Tyler Community College who lived and worked in Richmond, Virginia; Chesterfield County, Virginia; Henrico County, Virginia; Petersburg, Virginia; and Chester, Virginia, where the college is located. Dr. David L. Richards, a professional from John Tyler with no pronounced dialect features, interviewed five students and recorded the interviews; he also aided in the data compilation of the research study. I visited the employers who had granted me permission to interview them for about twenty minutes. I played each employer five tape recordings: a practice tape, one tape on which the male student interviewed used standard English, one on which a female student used standard English, one on which a male and one on which a female student used non-standard English. The

Smothered Slave Infants: Were Slave Mothers at Fault?

IN THE SOUTH CAROLINA UPCOUNTRY DISTRICT OF ABBEVILLE IN 1850 a one-month-old slave girl named Harriet reported to the census marshal Charles M. Pelot as having died in December 1849 because she Smothered by carelessness of [her] mother. Similar reports are scattered throughout the mortality schedules of the United States census for the southern states. Allice Burrow, a six-month-old slave girl in Henrico County, Virginia, was Smouthered by her Mother Lying on her while asleep; in Tippah County, Mississippi, the two-month-old slave girl Biddy Accidentally overlaid by [her] mother in her Sleep; in Cobb County, Georgia, an eight-month-old slave boy Overlaid by [his] Mother; in Spartanburg District, South Carolina, a five-monthold slave girl said to have been Overlaid by [her] mother and smothered. 1 The grim record goes on and on. In 1860 the slave states accounted for 94 percent of the nation's 2,129 reported deaths by suffocation. Most of these victims were probably the children of slaves, the published mortality census

The Role of an Urban Elite in a Municipal Annexation Dispute

This study examines the racial politics involved in the 1970 annexation by Richmond, Virginia, of 23 square miles and 47,000 people from Chesterfield County. The annexation was initialed by a small, hut powerful group of individuals who were alarmed by the growth of the city's black population and the prospect that blacks could acquire a majority on the city council. The study concentrates on the events of the 1960's which culminated in the annexation. Attention is given, first, to the city's efforts to annex a portion of Henrico County and the reasons underlying the city's rejection of the Henrico annexation award. The attention then shifts to the Chesterfield annexation suit. The role of local elites is explored and the role of the slate legislature is also studied to probe the interconnection between state and local politicians and the common cause made by white leaders to perpetuate a capital city controlled by the while elite.

Concerning the Southall's of Charles City County

1. As far as has been ascertained, the first representatives of the Southall Family in Virginia were at most three individuals who according to the meagre records that have come down to us appeared on the scene, if not on the soil, in chronological order as follows: EDWARD SOUTHALL (or Southwell?), who patented a tract of land in Spotsylvania county in 17251 and who died intestate in the summer of 1728, leaving no known relation in the colony;2 DASEY SOUTHALL, who was appointed inspector of tobacco at Soan's Wharf in Charles City county in 1733;3 and JOHN SOUTHALL, who was deputy-sheriff of Charles City county in 1737.4 Doubtless Dasey Southall was the youngest of the three since he long outlived the other two, but their mutual relationships are not definitely known. Dasey Southalll must have been born in England perhaps as early as 1690. He and his wife Edith had one, daughter and five sons, namely: ANN SOUTHALL2 (Robert Grant's wife, 13 W(1) 143, born about 1723 or earlier), STEPHEN SOUTHALL2 (1722-1748), PHILIP SOUTHALL2 (1724-1759), JAMES BARRETT SOUTHALL2 (b. 1726; died before 1787),5 WILLIAM SOUTHALL2 (b. 1732) and TURNER SOUTHALL2 (1736-1791). How long Dasey Southall remained in Charles City county, we cannot tell; but after spending a couple of years (1747-1749) in Amelia county where during part of that time he seems to have had a country inn or licensed ordinary of some kind, Dasey Southall and his wife, together with their two youngest sons who were still in their teens, moved to Henrico county in 1750 where Dasey abode all the rest of his life until he died in 1767. His widow is said to have been nearly 91 years of age when she died many years afterwards early in 1782. Dasey's oldest son Stephen Southall2 was not quite 26 years old when he died, unmarried, in Amelia county in 1748. William Southall2, next to the youngest of the five brothers, lived in Henrico county and

A STUDY OF DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY IN HENRICO COUNTY, VIRGINIA12

Journal Article A STUDY OF DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY IN HENRICO COUNTY, VIRGINIA Get access G. FOARD McGINNES, G. FOARD McGINNES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ALLAN L. McLEAN, ALLAN L. McLEAN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar FORREST SPINDLE, FORREST SPINDLE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KENNETH F. MAXCY KENNETH F. MAXCY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 24, Issue 3, November 1936, Pages 552–567, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a118283 Published: 01 November 1936 Article history Received: 21 September 1936 Published: 01 November 1936

Concerning the Origin of the Cockes of Henrico

1. Lieutenant-colonel Cocke.-The scanty records that have come down to us from early colonial days afford but dim picture at best of individual actors who took part colonisation of Virginia. As far as they have been ascertained, authentic facts concerning ancestor of Cocke Family of Henrico county may be briefly stated. In 1636 Cocke patented 3,000 acres of land on James river Henrico county due him for transportation of 60 immigrants (Va. Mag. Hist. & Biog., VI, 186; see also III, 285, 405 and V, 72).* There can hardly be any doubt that this was Cockel of Bremo (or Bremor), progenitor of Cocke Family of Henrico county, whose estate adjoined lands of John Pearce and Thomas Harris. In this same year (1636) his neighbour, Captain Thomas Harris, patented 700 acres addition to his previous holdings near the Bremoes dividend (Id., V, 72). Long after Cockel was dead, his son, Cocke2, elder, was plaintiff suit that was brought 1692 against John Woodson, Jr., for trespassing on part of his land known by ye name of Curls Swamp. The defendant alleged that this land was not plaintiff's land at all, but was a parcell of Lands late ye possession of Nath' Bacon Junr dec'd, which had been originally granted by Pattent to Captain Thomas Harris, deceased, and afterwards conveyed by him to Bacon. The litigation continued some seven or eight years until finally early 1700 court sitting at Varina appears to have decided suit favour of Cocke2 on ground that land question was adjacent to Bremo and was comprised in plaintiff's pattent bearing date 25th of ffebruary 1638 (Id., XXXVII, 354-357). Again 1639 Richard Cocke gent received grant of 2,000 acres of land county of Henrico for transportation of 40 persons (one of whom was negro woman); of which 300 acres was at Bremo, and rest, called by name of Mauborne Hills, was at head of Turkey Island Creek (Id., III, 285; XIV, 192). From time to time Cocke continued to acquire more land. In 1652 he patented 2,842 acres, and some twelve years later, 1664, he and his neighbour John Beauchampt patented 2,974 acres on south side

The Friend Family Notes by J. C. Easley from Henrico County Records and Chesterfield County Records

The Friend Family Notes by J. C. Easley from Henrico County Records and Chesterfield County Records

Early Generations of the Tanner Family of Henrico County, Virginia

Early Generations of the Tanner Family of Henrico County, Virginia