Blood Hemoglobin Concentration Research Articles

Studdies on clinical markers, hemato-biochemical and oxidative stress parameter alterations in theileriosis affected buffaloes from semi arid zone of northern plains of India

The study was carried out on 36 naturally infected buffaloes with Theileria annulata, to determine the clinical markers, hemato-biochemical and oxidative stress parameters alterations. The clinical markers recorded in infected buffaloes were fever, enlargement of pre-scapular lymph nodes, pale mucosae, anorexia, thin mucoid nasal discharge along with melanic faeces and corneal opacity as clinical signs which might be considered as clinical markers of theleriosis in buffaloes in the semi arid zone of the region. Hemato-bichemical and oxidative stress parameters alterations revealed significant decrease in red blood cells (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration in the infected animals, compared to the control ones. Increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decrease in the levels superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in infected animals, compared to the control ones. It can be concluded that theleriosis in buffaloes may lead to anemia which might be attributed due to increased oxidative stress.

5-Fluorouracil Ameliorates the Hematotoxicity Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Male Albino Rats

Background: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a drug with a wide spectrum of clinical uses. Its effectiveness in the treatment of cancer (acute and chronic leukemias, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma) and non-malignant diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis has been well established. Objectives: The present investigation aimed to study the effect of a sub-lethal dose of the cyclophosphamide, 5-FU combination of 5-FU, and CPA on haematological parameters in the albino rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male adults were grouped randomly into four groups (n=5 in each group). Group I (control): Rats were injected with saline intraperitoneally at a dose of 1.0 ml/kg b.w. for 14 days. Group II cyclophosphamide (CPA): Cyclophosphamide at a dose of 10 mg/kg day by day through i.p. to rats for 14 days. Group III Fluorouracil (5-FU): 5-Fluorouracil at a dose of 10 mg/kg day by day in saline was given through i.p. to rats for 14 days. Group IV (CPA+5-FU): Rats were given CPA followed by 5-FU at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day (day by day) through i.p. to rats for 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, rats were anesthetized using light ether. Blood samples were taken for hematological evaluation. Results: White blood cells, hemoglobin content and red blood cell counts were significantly decline in rats treated with individual treatment with CPA and 5-FU in comparison to the control group, while the Combination antagonize the changes produced by CPA in hemoglobin and red blood cell counts. Intraperitoneal individual treatment with CPA and 5-FU in rats caused a significant reduction in the hematocrit and platelet. The reductions in these measured hematological parameters were also significantly and slightly ameliorated when the animals were given a combination of CPA and 5-FU. Cyclophosphamide and 5-FU individually reduced lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes; while the combination of CPA and 5-FU antagonized these changes compared to CPA treated group. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the treatment of mammals with chemotherapy is associated with the production of free radicals that lead to hazardous alterations in hematological parameters. However, 5-FU and CPA combination could produce a significant amelioration in most cases for these changes. Future work should consider combined chemotherapy regimens, as two or more mechanisms of action of chemotherapeutic drugs could be more powerful than one mechanism. Using cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil in combination may reduce cyclophosphamide’s side effects when given individually.

Efficacy evaluation of novel organic iron complexes in laying hens: effects on laying performance, egg quality, egg iron content, and blood biochemical parameters.

This study was conducted to determine the optimal dose of novel iron amino acid complexes (Fe-Lys-Glu) by measuring laying performance, egg quality, egg iron (Fe) concentrations, and blood biochemical parameters in laying hens. A total of 1,260 18-week-old healthy Beijing White laying hens were randomly divided into 7 groups with 12 replicates of 15 birds each. After a 2-wk acclimation to the basal diet, hens were fed diets supplemented with 0 (negative control, the analyzed innate iron content was 75.06 mg/kg), 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Lys-Glu or 45 mg Fe/kg from FeSO4 (positive control) for 24 wk. Results showed that compared with the negative and positive control groups, dietary supplementation with 30 to 75 mg Fe/kg from Fe-Lys-Glu significantly (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) increased the laying rate (LR) and average daily egg weight (ADEW); hens administered 45 to 75 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Lys-Glu showed a remarkable (linear, p<0.05) decrease in feed conversion ratio. There were no significant differences among all groups in egg quality. The iron concentrations in egg yolk and serum were elevated by increasing Fe-Lys-Glu levels, and the highest iron content was found in 75 mg Fe/kg group. In addition, hens fed 45 mg Fe/kg from Fe-Lys-Glu had (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) higher yolk Fe contents than that with the same dosage of FeSO4 supplementation. The red blood cell (RBC) count and hemoglobin content (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) increased obviously in the groups fed with 30 to 75 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Lys-Glu in comparison with the control group. Fe-Lys-Glu supplementation also (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) enhanced the activity of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) in serum, as a result, the serum malonaldehyde content (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) decreased in hens received 60 to 75 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Lys-Glu. Supplementation Fe-Lys-Glu in laying hens could substitute for FeSO4 and the optimal additive levels of Fe-Lys-Glu are 45 mg Fe/kg in layers diets based on the quadratic regression analysis of LR, ADEW, RBC, and Cu/Zn-SOD.

Detection of haemoglobin concentration in blood samples using nanophotonic biosensor

A biosensor device using one dimensional photonic crystal is designed for monitoring haemoglobin concentration in blood. Using the transfer matrix approach, the transmission spectra of a multilayered crystal structure (AB)7/ADA/(BA)7 is calculated. GaN is utilised as a media with a high refractive index (A), whereas air (B) is employed as a medium with a low refractive index. Here, defect layer (D) is chosen as blood sample. A resonant peak within photonic band gap can be shifted by a change in haemoglobin concentration in transmission spectrum. The sensor has the values of sensitivity, quality factor, figure of merit and detection limit as 439 nm/RIU, ~4.91×105, ~3.29×105/RIU and ~ 3.03 ×10-7 RIU respectively.

Growth performance, haematological parameters and proximate composition of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fed varying dietary levels of protein hydrolysate from heads of Penaeus monodon shrimp processing industry

Fish farming is a huge industry in Vietnam, but there is a shortage of protein supplements for fish diets. A potential great source of protein supplement is the co-products of shrimp processing. The present study aimed to investigate the growth performance and haematological parameters of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss juveniles fed diets containing four different concentrations of shrimp head protein hydrolysates (0% as the control, 1, 3 or 5% SHPH, four replicates per treatment). Rainbow trout juveniles were randomly distributed into 12 tanks at a density of 30 individuals/tank and were fed twice a day at 8:00 and 17:00 for 8 weeks. Mean weight gain (MWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival (SR) were calculated. Significant differences (p<0.05) in MWG, SGR, FCR, PER and SR were detected between treatments, with fish fed 5% SHPH performing the best. Mean white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin content (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) significantly increased as dietary protein hydrolysate increased in the diet. Protein and triglyceride concentrations in plasma were not significantly affected by dietary treatment (p > 0.05). Furthermore, muscle and whole body lipid contents were higher in fish fed 3% and 5% protein hydrolysate from shrimp heads than other groups, but muscle and body protein contents in the group fed 5% were higher than other groups. Results from the present study showed that protein hydrolysate from shrimp heads has good potential for use as protein supplement in rainbow trout diets up to 5%. Supplemental dietary protein hydrolysate from shrimp heads also has potential as an immune enhancer because of an increase in WBC. These data provide a potential use for a current waste product and might serve as a model for other countries that have both warm water crustacean industries and cold water fish industries. Further studies to explore the use of protein hydrolysate from shrimp heads in fish diets at more than 5% are recommended.

Is biomass fuel smoke exposure associated with anemia in non-pregnant reproductive-aged women?

ObjectivesSri Lanka is a developing country where the majority of households still rely on firewood for cooking. Furthermore, the prevalence of anemia among reproductive-aged women is of moderate public health importance, according the classification of World Health Organization. Despite the researchers’ ongoing efforts to investigate a link between solid fuel smoke exposure and anemia, the veracity of their findings remains uncertain. As a result, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between biomass fuel smoke exposure and anemia in non-pregnant reproductive-aged women in Sri Lanka.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 382 non-pregnant reproductive-aged (15 to 49 years) women in Central Province, Sri Lanka. Data was collected using a standardized interviewer-administered questionnaire, and exposure was assessed using a breath carbon monoxide monitor. Drabkin’s cynomethhemoglobin technique was used to determine blood hemoglobin concentration.ResultsThe overall prevalence of anemia was 36.1%. The logistic regression model revealed no effect of cooking fuel type on anemic or non-anemic status after adjusting for potential confounding factors (p > 0.05). The multivariate regression analysis also discovered that cooking fuel type had no effect on women’s blood hemoglobin concentration.ConclusionsThe study results suggest no impact of solid fuel smoke exposure on anemia among non-pregnant, reproductive-aged women. Larger scale prospective cohort studies are recommended. The reasons behind the high prevalence of anemia among reproductive-aged women should be further investigated, and corrective measures should be implemented urgently.

Non-invasive anaemia detection by examining palm pallor: A smartphone-based approach

Anaemia, caused due to lack of blood haemoglobin level, is one of the most common diseases that affects billions of people across the world. According to WHO statistics, India is one of the developing countries with highest prevalence of anaemia. Conventional invasive methods are cost-prohibitive and difficult to administer globally which essentially demands non-invasive, inexpensive and reliable solution. This work targets to combine state-of-the computational approaches with the idea of age-old practice of rough estimation of blood haemoglobin level by observing pallor in palm to develop a non-invasive anaemia detection system. The proposed system works with the basis of inducing changes in palm pallor with suitable pressure application and release, measuring the rate of change of colour and performing time-domain analysis thereof to correlate with blood haemoglobin concentration. The video of colour changes in palm induced through a customised device, is captured using smartphone camera and is processed and analysed through a set of image processing and analysis techniques. Estimated parameters are provided as input to the ensemble-based prediction models comprising of regression and multi-layer perceptron. The proposed system ensures a sensitivity of 93% with MSE and RMSE of 0.701 and 0.698, respectively, determined on palm pallor video samples of 131 participants.

Total Hemoglobin Mass Correlates with Peak Oxygen Consumption in Patients with Chronic Stroke

Background: The peak oxygen consumption (V.O2peak) and blood hemoglobin concentration [Hb] are lower in stroke patients than in age-matched healthy subjects. The ability of skeletal muscles to extract oxygen is diminished after stroke. We hypothesized that the oxygen extraction capacity of skeletal muscles in stroke patients depends on [Hb]. To test the hypothesis, we determined the relationship between V.O2peak and total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) in stroke patients. Methods: The subjects were 19 stroke patients (age: 74 ± 2, mean ± SD, 10 males) and 11 age-matched normal subjects (age 76 ± 3, 6 males). Plasma volume (PV) and V.O2peak were measured on the same day. PV was measured using Evans Blue dye dilution method. Blood volume (BV) was calculated from PV and hematocrit, while tHb-mass was estimated from BV and [Hb]. Each subject underwent cardiopulmonary exercise test on a bicycle ergometer using a V.O2peak respiratory gas analyzer. Results: There were no differences in age, height, and weight between the two groups. V.O2peak was lower in stroke patients than in the control. BV and tHb mass were not significantly different between the two groups, but [Hb] was significantly lower in stroke patients. In stroke patients, V.O2peak correlated significantly with tHb-mass (r = 0.497, p < 0.05), but not with BV. Conclusion: Our results suggested that low [Hb] seems to contribute to V.O2peak in stroke patients. The significant correlation between tHb-mass and V.O2peak suggested that treatment to improve [Hb] can potentially improve V.O2peak in stroke patients.

Genetic variation in HIF-2α attenuates ventilatory sensitivity and carotid body growth in chronic hypoxia in high-altitude deer mice.

The gene encoding HIF-2α, Epas1, has experienced a history of natural selection in many high-altitude taxa, but the functional role of mutations in this gene is still poorly understood. We investigated the influence of the high-altitude variant of Epas1 in North American deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) on the control of breathing and carotid body growth during chronic hypoxia. We created hybrids between high- and low-altitude populations of deer mice to disrupt linkages between genetic loci so that the physiological effects of Epas1 alleles (Epas1H and Epas1L , respectively) could be examined on an admixed genomic background. In general, chronic hypoxia (4weeks at 12kPa O2 ) enhanced ventilatory chemosensitivity (assessed as the acute ventilatory response to hypoxia), increased total ventilation and arterial O2 saturation during progressive poikilocapnic hypoxia, and increased haematocrit and blood haemoglobin content across genotypes. However, the effects of chronic hypoxia on ventilatory chemosensitivity were attenuated in mice that were homozygous for the high-altitude Epas1 allele (Epas1H/H ). Carotid body growth and glomus cell hyperplasia, which was strongly induced in Epas1L/L mice in chronic hypoxia, was not observed in Epas1H/H mice. Epas1 genotype also modulated the effects of chronic hypoxia on metabolism and body temperature depression in hypoxia, but had no effects on haematological traits. These findings confirm the important role of HIF-2α in modulating ventilatory sensitivity and carotid body growth in chronic hypoxia, and show that genetic variation in Epas1 is responsible for evolved changes in the control of breathing and metabolism in high-altitude deer mice. KEY POINTS: High-altitude natives of many species have experienced natural selection on the gene encoding HIF-2α, Epas1, including high-altitude populations of deer mice. HIF-2α regulates ventilation and carotid body growth in hypoxia, and so the genetic variants in Epas1 in high-altitude natives may underlie evolved changes in control of breathing. Deer mice from controlled crosses between high- and low-altitude populations were used to examine the effects of Epas1 genotype on an admixed genomic background. The high-altitude variant was associated with reduced ventilatory chemosensitivity and carotid body growth in chronic hypoxia, but had no effects on haematology. The results help us better understand the genetic basis for the unique physiological phenotype of high-altitude natives.

Actions of Persea americana on Some Blood Parameters of Male Wistar Rats

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the ethanolic extract of Persea americana (avocado) on the haematological parameters of male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups of five rats each. They were treated with ethanolic extract of Persea americana (except the control group). Group 1 received distilled water, Group 2 received 200mg/kg of the extract and Group 3 received 400mg/kg of the extract. The administration was done for 21 days. At the end of the administration, the rats were sacrificed under chlorofoam aneaesthesia and blood samples obtained and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 21.0. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare means. There was a significant (p&lt;0.5) increase in packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. There was no significant change in platelet count, white blood cell count, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, neutrophils count, lymphocytes count, eosinophil and monocyte count, Result of the present study has shown that the ethanolic stem bark extract of Persea americana improved the red cell series and may be useful in treatment of anaemia because of its ability to cause a significant increase in PCV, RBC and Hb concentration.

Hypoglycemic and antioxidant potency of ethyl acetate fraction of hydro-methanolic extract (60:40) of Tamarindus indica Linn. seed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic experimental animal

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia due to defective insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Nowadays massive developments in variety of synthetic modern medicines, alternative and traditional medicinal plants are still widely used for the management of diabetes mellitus. In this context when ethyl acetate fraction at the dose of 100 mg body weight/kg body weight was administered for 28 days, significant diminution in the STZ-induced hyperglycaemia was noticed. Plasma insulin and C-peptide levels as well as activities of antioxidant defense enzymes such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the hepatic tissue were found to be decreased in diabetic animals. This was corrected after the treatment of ethyl acetate fraction of hydro-methanolic extract of T. indica. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) reveals that the fraction at the above said dose showed a remarkable decrease of blood glucose level in normal and diabetic rat and also increased glucose tolerance. On the other hand, in diabetic animals body weight decreases along with a decrease in total hemoglobin content in blood and increase in HbA1C level.

Blood parameters of rabbits given different amounts of iodine citrate

The need for iodine in rabbit diets has not been fully elucidated, although some commercial diets use it in varying amounts without scientific justification. The main goal of the experiment was to establish the effect of applied quantities of an organic iodine compound produced by nanotechnology – iodine citrate – on blood parameters of rabbits after weaning from 40 to 96 days of age. Experimental studies were conducted in the conditions of the vivarium of the scientific institution – Institute of Animal Biology of the National Academy of Sciences of Lviv on 30 rabbits of the Termonska breed. The control and experimental groups had the same number of 6 animals, of which 3 were males and 3 were females. Young rabbits of the control group were kept on standard granulated compound feed and water without restriction. In contrast to the control, the animals of I, II, III, and IV experimental groups additionally received a solution of iodine citrate in the amount of 2.5; 3.75; 5.0 and 7.5 μg/l of water, respectively. Blood parameters were determined on the 40th day of life (preparatory period) and on the 18th, 43rdБ and 56th days of iodine citrate supplementation. Studies have established a higher number of red blood cells and haemoglobin concentration in the blood of rabbits of Group II (P≤0.05) on the 43rd and 56th days; Group III (P≤0.05) and Group IV (P≤0.05-0.01) on the 18th, 43rd, and 56th days of the study. The haematocrit value of the blood of rabbits of Group II was respectively higher by 16.6% on the 56th day; Group III – by 17.1%; 20.0%, and 22.8%, and in Group IV – by 26.4%; 29.4%, and 23.5% on the 18th, 43rd, and 56th days of the study. The albumin content in the blood of rabbits of Group I was higher by 4.1% on the 43rd day; Group II – by 6.8%; 8.0%; 9.5%; Group III – by 6.1%; 4.6%; 9.5%; Group IV – by 4.5%; 2.7%; 7.3% on the 18th, 43rd, and 56th days of the study, respectively. The content of total calcium in the blood of rabbits of Group II exceeded the control by 22.5% on day 43, the level of inorganic phosphorus in the blood of rabbits of Groups II, III, and IV was respectively higher by 5.8%, 5.0%, and 4.1% on the 56th day of the study compared to the control.

Gestational PM2.5 exposure may increase the risk of small for gestational age through maternal blood pressure and hemoglobin: A mediation analysis based on a prospective cohort in China, 2014–2018

BackgroundMaternal gestational PM2.5 exposure was associated with small for gestational age (SGA). Identifying potential mediating factors may help design preventive strategies to reduce this risk. ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the roles of maternal blood pressure and hemoglobin may play in the PM2.5 exposure and SGA relationship among 117,162 births in 16 counties across China during 2014–2018. MethodsDaily PM2.5 concentration was collected from China National Environmental Monitoring Center. According to maternal residency during pregnancy, the PM2.5 exposure for each trimester and the whole pregnancy was assessed using an inverse-distance weighting approach. Repeated measurements of maternal blood pressure and hemoglobin during pregnancy were collected for each woman. We estimated the total effect of gestational PM2.5 exposure on SGA, and further tested the mediation effects of maternal blood pressure and hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy. ResultsOf 117,162 included mother-infant pairs, 11,361 (9.7 %) were SGA. The odds ratios of SGA associated with PM2.5 exposure (per 10 μg/m3 increase) in the second trimester and the whole pregnancy were 1.023 (95 % CI: 1.009, 1.037) and 1.024 (1.001, 1.048), respectively. We identified the independent mediating effect of blood pressure and hemoglobin in the second and third trimesters, with the proportion of mediation ranging from 1.64 % to 5.78 % and 2.40 % to 8.70 %, respectively. When considering the mediators jointly, we found a stronger mediating effect with a proportion of mediation ranging from 3.93 % to 13.69 %. DiscussionIncreases in maternal blood pressure and hemoglobin in the second and third trimesters can independently and jointly mediate the effects of gestational PM2.5 exposure on SGA. Monitoring and managing maternal blood pressure and hemoglobin during prenatal care may constitute a promising avenue to reducing SGA risk associated with gestational PM2.5 exposure.

Cross‐Ray Ultrasound Tomography and Photoacoustic Tomography of Cerebral Hemodynamics in Rodents

Recent advances in functional ultrasound imaging (fUS) and photoacoustic tomography (PAT) offer powerful tools for studying brain function. Complementing each other, fUS and PAT, respectively, measure the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and hemoglobin concentrations, allowing synergistic characterization of cerebral hemodynamics. Here, cross‐ray ultrasound tomography (CRUST) and its combination with PAT are presented. CRUST employs a virtual point source from a spherically focused ultrasonic transducer (SFUST) to provide widefield excitation at a 4‐kHz pulse repetition frequency. A full‐ring‐shaped ultrasonic transducer array whose imaging plane is orthogonal to the SFUST's acoustic axis receives scattered ultrasonic waves. Superior to conventional fUS, whose sensitivity to blood flow is angle‐dependent and low for perpendicular flow, the crossed transmission and panoramic detection fields of CRUST provide omnidirectional sensitivity to CBF. Using CRUST‐PAT, the CBF, oxygen saturation, and hemoglobin concentration changes of the mouse brain during sensory stimulation are measured, with a field of view of ≈7 mm in diameter, spatial resolution of ≈170 µm, and temporal resolution of 200 Hz. The results demonstrate CRUST‐PAT as a unique tool for studying cerebral hemodynamics.

The combined effect of acute hypoxic stress and feeding status on the metabolism of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

Metabolism is one of the most important physiological processes in fish that changes daily depending on the variability of disparate factors. Dissolved oxygen and feeding status are critical to the growth and metabolism of fish. In this study, the effects of dissolved oxygen and feeding status, as well as their interaction on the blood biochemistry and metabolism of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) were investigated using a two-factor test. At a dissolved oxygen content of 1.2 mg mL−1, yellow catfish were exposed to hypoxia for 48 h and divided into four experimental groups: normoxia (6.5 mg L−1)-fasting group (C; Control group); normoxia-feeding group (F); hypoxia (1.2 mg L−1)-fasting group (H); and hypoxia-feeding group (FH). Analysis revealed that both hypoxia and feeding caused a short-term increase in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration in yellow catfish, thereby increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. After feeding, the metabolic activity in yellow catfish showed a trend of rising and then falling. Following hypoxia, yellow catfish activated anaerobic glycolysis to provide the energy required by the body, and the mode of metabolism in yellow catfish gradually converted from aerobic to anaerobic. Moreover, the activity of respiratory metabolism enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) tended to decrease and then increase, while that of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) tended to increase and then decrease, showing opposing trends. Furthermore, the liver glycogen was mobilized, blood glucose levels increased, and lactic acid accumulation occurred in the short term. Meanwhile, the hypoxia-inducible factor (hif-1α) was activated, the expression of glucose metabolism-related genes (epo, hk1, pfkla, pkma, and gk) dramatically increased, and the activities of the three key enzymes involved in glycolysis (HK, PFK, and PK) were elevated for a short period of time. In conclusion, both hypoxia and feeding altered blood biochemical and metabolic responses in yellow catfish over time, and the metabolic responses were more intense in the post-feeding hypoxia group.

Effects of Aqueous Extract of Petroselinum crispum on Liver and Hematological Parameters in Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) - Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats

In recent years, focus on plant research has increased to show the potential of some medicinal plants in discovery of novel compounds which could be used in treatment of some diseases. Petroselinum crispum is widely used traditionally as a food additive and herbal remedy for many ailments. This study is aimed to assess the effects of Petroselinum crispum on some liver enzymes and some haematological parameters in Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) - induced hepatotoxicity in male wistar rats. A total of 25 wistar rats were used, which were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1: (control); Group 2: received IP injection of 120mg/kg mixture of CCL4 and olive oil (1:1), Groups 3, 4 and 5 were orally administered 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg extract + IP injection of 120mg/kg mixture of CCL4 and olive oil for 21 days respectively. On the 22nd day, the animals were sacrifice using chloroform anesthesia and the effects of the aqueous extract were assessed by quantifying liver enzymes such as serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total serum protein (TP). The haematological parameters were assessed by analysis of parked cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and platelet count (PLT) and followed by histopathological studies of the liver tissues. The three doses of the plant extract used in this study, showed some level of protective effect on CCL4-induced hepatotoxicity as evident by the significant reduction (P &lt; 0.05) in serum levels of AST, ALT, and ALP along with the improved histopathological liver sections compared to CCL4 -treated animals. However the extract is more effective in the 500mg/kg compared to the 250mg/kg and 1000mg/kg. Also the results obtained for all the haematological parameters used in the study showed no significant difference among all the groups (P &gt; 0.05).

Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending NIMS Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, in Western India

Background: Anemia is the most common hematological disease in pregnancy. Anemia is described as having a hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in the peripheral blood of 10 g/dl or less, in accordance to the most current WHO standard. Iron deficiency is the most frequent reason of anemia at some point of pregnancy. Folic acid deficiency is a much less frequent cause. In some communities, up to 80% of pregnant women are anemic. Women from low socioeconomic groups and young adults are the most vulnerable. Anemia is identified using measuring Hb concentrations and examining a peripheral blood smear for red blood cell changes. Iron and folate supplementation is advocated in the course of being pregnant to keep away from complications. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in NIMS Hospital, Jaipur. Subjects and Methods: Blood was collected and investigations are done on Elite 580. Results: This presence study enlightens the number of pregnant anemic patients according to education level, class, diet, and age. Sociopersonal status of pregnant women, the number of anemic was higher in illiterate than literate and according to the socioeconomic condition of anemic pregnant women, the number is much higher in poverty than in higher classes, whereas the number is much lesser in nonvegetarian than vegetarian and is higher in age between 21 and 30 years of age than below or above it. Conclusion: Most of the pregnant women attending NIMS Hospital, Jaipur, were found to be anemic. Therefore, appropriate interventions by the competent authority are recommended to tackle this condition among pregnant women.

Expression Profiles of the Ovine IL18 Gene and Association of Its Polymorphism With Hematologic Parameters in Hu Lambs.

Hematological traits are important indexes to evaluate health status and immunological conditions in human and livestock. In this study, we measured the hematologic indexes of 819 male Hu lambs and performed the descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed the coefficients of variation of partial indexes were >10%, and the heritability for mean erythrocyte volume (MCV), white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and red blood cell (RBC) distribution-standard deviation (RDW_SD) were medium to high, ranging from 0.17 to 0.43. In addition, Interleukin 18 (IL18), as an important regulator of both innate and acquired immune responses, was selected as candidate gene and subjected to the expression profile analysis, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) scanning and association analysis by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), PCR amplification, Sanger sequencing, and KASP genotyping. The results of qRT-PCR indicated that IL18 is predominantly expressed in lymph and lung compared with that in the other tested tissues. In addition, three novel polymorphisms (g. 24991544 A > G, g. 24991651 A > G, and g. 24991749 C > T) were identified in IL18, and the three SNPs were in a strong linkage state. Therefore, only a SNP was genotyped and performed association analysis in the enlarged experimental population, the result of association analysis demonstrated that the polymorphism g. 24991651 A > G was significantly associated with RBC, MCV, MCHC, and RDW_CV. These results will provide the reference values and the novel genetic markers of hematological parameters in sheep.

Seasonal Variations of Haematological and Biochemical Parameters Associated with Potential Laminitis in Apparently Healthy Horses

Early detection of laminitis in horses is valuable as it provides information that can be used as a basis for advice to trainers of race and performance horses. The study was aimed to determine the seasonal variations in haematological and biochemical parameters of horses developing laminitis at Polo Club Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria. A total of 18 horses were sampled during the dry season (February) and rainy season (July). The horses sampled were aged between 3 and 8 years. The hoof temperature, weight, packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, total and differential leucocyte counts, glucose level and fibrinogen concentration were determined using standard methods. The mean hoof temperature of the horses was 36.1± 0.11oC and 35.6 ± 0.2 oC during the dry and rainy season respectively. The mean body weight of the horses was 323 ± 8.90 kg in dry season while that of rainy season was 330 ± 11.0 kg. Glucose concentration during the dry season (71.6 ± 1.5 dl/mg) was significantly lower (P ˂ 0.05) than that obtained during the rainy season (91.7 ± 1.9 dl/mg). Furthermore, the PCV, RBC count and Hb concentration were significantly higher (P ˂ 0.05) in the rainy season than the corresponding parameters in the dry season. Similarly, the total leucocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were significantly higher (P ˂ 0.05) during the rainy season than the dry season. It was concluded that variations on the parameters determined may aid to identify early warning signs of laminitis.

Haemodynamic adjustments in third trimester, among pregnant women undergoing antenatal care at a tertiary hospital in Sokoto, Nigeria

Third trimester of pregnancy is characterised by profound changes in the haemodynamic system, predicated by the climax of the pregnancy hormones profiles. The blood pressure (BP) is lower and the haemoglobin levels are lower, necessitating an increased circulatory work to maintain tissue perfusion of the new maternal-fetal placental bed and for the expectant blood loss during childbirth. However, the mechanisms by which this is achieved is poorly understood. The present study aimed to assess the mechanisms by which the mother’s systems adjust to meet its haemodynamic gaps at the third trimester of a normal pregnancy. One hundred and fifty normal third trimester pregnant women undergoing antenatal care at the State Specialist Hospitalist Sokoto were assessed for blood pressure, haemoglobin concentration and anthropometries and the results compared with those of a group comprising 115 non-pregnant control women. While the pregnant group had lower BP parameters, it has significantly higher PR (P&lt;0.0001). The pregnant group also demonstrated higher rate pressure product (RPP) (10,196±1,292bpm.mmHg v 9,429±1,469bpm.mmHg, P=0.0000). However, the non-pregnant group showed significantly higher heart rate reserve (HRR) (108.0±13.0bpm.mmHg/year), compared to the pregnant group (96.0±12bpm.mmHg/year, P=0.0000). Although, after adjusting for age, the pregnant group maintained a significantly higher RPP (397±120bpm.mmHg/year v 358±139bpm.mmHg/year, P =0.0156), the non-pregnant group after adjustment for age failed to maintain a higher HRR, instead the pregnant group showed (4.0±1.0bpm/year v 4.0±2.0bpm/year, P=0.0328). In conclusion, the pregnant woman can adjust haemodynamically by mechanisms of RPP and HRR independent of age, to cope with the stress and requirements of pregnancy. This, in addition to supplementation of haematenics, appropriate treatment of common infections and better nourishment of the pregnant mother, to help improve the anemia during pregnancy.