Blood Hemoglobin Concentration Research Articles

Exposure to Intermittent Environmental Hypoxia Promotes Vascular Remodeling through Angiogenesis in the Liver of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides).

In this study, we explored the effects of 4 weeks of intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE) on liver angiogenesis and related regulatory mechanisms in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The results indicated that the O2 tension for loss of equilibrium (LOE) decreased from 1.17 to 0.66 mg/L after 4 weeks of IHE. Meanwhile, the red blood cell (RBC) and hemoglobin concentrations significantly increased during IHE. Our investigation also found that the observed increase in angiogenesis was correlated with a high expression of related regulators, such as Jagged, phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). After 4 weeks of IHE, the overexpression of factors related to angiogenesis processes mediated by HIF-independent pathways (such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), and interleukin 8 (IL8)) was correlated with the accumulation of lactic acid (LA) in the liver. The addition of cabozantinib, a specific inhibitor of VEGFR2, blocked the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and downregulated the expression of downstream angiogenesis regulators in largemouth bass hepatocytes exposed to hypoxia for 4 h. These results suggested that IHE promoted liver vascular remodeling by the regulation of angiogenesis factors, presenting a potential mechanism for the improvement of hypoxia tolerance in largemouth bass.

Adaptive changes of cows blood under technological stress

The creation of livestock complexes with the introduction of new methods of organization and technologies has led to a wide manifestation of technological stresses in cattle. Stress reduces the natural resistance and the level of humoral immunity, as a result of which conditions are created for the activation of conditionally pathogenic microflora, which leads to digestive disorders, respiratory diseases, decreased productivity, increased morbidity and mortality of animals. Therefore, the analysis of adaptive reactions of blood in cows under technological stress will allow us to assess the state of the body and timely develop measures to prevent emerging disorders. The marker of the general adaptation process is the blood system. The study of the content of leukocytes, erythrocytes, ATP in erythrocytes, electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes (EFPE) of cattle blood under technological stress.It was shown that in animals after technological stress there was a significant increase in the number of leukocytes on the 3rd- 14th day of the study compared with the control group of animals, the development of neutrophilosis, monocytosis and lymphopenia was noted. The number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, EFPE and ATP content after technological stress were lower compared to the control group for 3 days. Thus, to correct technological stress in cows, means are needed that increase the overall adaptive capabilities of the animal organism.

Evaluation of VEGF and VEGFR gene expression as prognostic markers in low and intermediate‑1 risk patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are angiogenic factors playing a key role in tumor development. VEGFs are produced by different normal and tumor cells, including platelets, lymphocytes and mononuclear cells of peripheral blood. VEGF (VEGF-A, VEGF-C and VEGF-D) and VEGFR (VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3) gene expression was studied in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to evaluate the possible prognostic role of the expression of these genes. Gene expression levels were determined using peripheral blood samples of 51 patients with MDS and 15 healthy volunteers by quantitative PCR. Expression of all VEGF and VEGFR genes was elevated in patients with MDS compared with healthy volunteers. No association of VEGF-A expression with the hemoglobin content in peripheral blood was found. The analyses of gene expression in patients with MDS stratified by risk groups according to the International Prognostic Scoring System showed progressive augmentation of VEGF-A gene expression from low to high-risk groups and VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression from intermediate-1 to high-risk groups. The statistically significant difference in survival time of patients with high and low levels of VEGFR1 expression was revealed. VEGF-A/VEGFR1 expression may be important for risk evaluation of patients with MDS.

Assessment of Potassium Bromate, Calcium Sulfate and Synergistic Toxic Effects in Male Mice

Food additives are the basis of the modern food industry, and play an important role in improving the color, smell, and taste of food, altering its nutritional structure, perfecting its processing conditions, and extending its shelf life. Twenty four adult male Swiss albino mice were used in our experiment : Group (1) mice were Intraperitoneally injected of normal saline 0.5 ml (as control). Group (2) mice were intraperitoneally injected of well dispersed Potassium Bromate 320 mg/kg of body weight for two months (twice weekly). Group (3) mice were faded Calcium sulfate as chew of food 0.03% w/w for two months (daily intake). Group (4) mice were intraperitoneally injected of well dispersed Potassium Bromate 320 mg/kg of body weight for two months (twice weekly) and also given Calcium sulfate as chew of food 0.03% W/W for two months (daily intake). After the end of project protocol the mice had been sacrificed and blood collocated and this parameters was evaluated white blood cells (WBC) , red blood cells (RBC) ,platelet (PLT),hematocrit (HCT), and hemoglobin concentration (Hgb). The result showed there is highly significant decrease for WBC for the (group 2 and group 4) , Red blood cell count show that there is highly significant decrease of (group 2 and4), In contrast the result for Hemoglobin concentration show there were highly significant increase in group 2 and 4 by comparing with control group , also highly significant increase for Hct percentage for the (group 2 and 4) by comparing with control group and group 3. Finally platelets count result show that there is highly significant decrease in group 2 and group 4. From current study We can conclude that there are different harmfully effects of KBrO3 and the synergistic effect with CaSo4 on the animal model and according to that on human due to the daily uptake of this compounds in our life style ,according to the hematological indices (WBC),(RBC), (Hgb), (Hct), and finally (PLT). Thus the using of KBrO3 and CaSo4 should be limited and used specific documented concentration to reduce its unfavorable effects

A decision tree network with semi-supervised entropy learning strategy for spectroscopy aided detection of blood hemoglobin

Non-invasive techniques for rapid blood testing are gaining traction in global healthcare as they optimize medical screening, diagnosis and clinical decisions. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is one of the most common technologies that can be used for non-destructive aided medical detection. Typically, after acquiring the Fourier transform infrared spectrum, spectral data preprocessing and feature extraction and quantitative analysis of several indicators of blood samples can be accomplished, in combination with chemometric method studies. At present, blood hemoglobin (HGB) concentration is one of the most valuable information for the clinical diagnosis of patient’s health status. FT-IR spectroscopy is employed as a green technique aided medical test of blood HGB. Then the acquired HGB concentration data is switched to the spectral feature data by the studies of advanced chemometric method, in help for hiding the sensitive medical information to protect the privacy of patients. The decision tree network architecture is proposed for feature extraction of FT-IR data in order to find the small set of wavenumbers that are able to quantify HGB. A semi-supervised learning strategy is designed for tuning the number of network neuron nodes, in the way of searching for the maximum entropy increment. Each neuron is optimized by the growing of a semi-supervised decision tree, to accurately identify the informative FT-IR wavenumbers. The features extracted by the semi-supervised learning decision tree network guarantees the FT-IR aided detection model has high efficiency and high prediction accuracy. A model of quantifying the HGB concentration shows that the proposed decision tree network with semi-supervised entropy learning strategy outperforms the usual methods of full spectrum partial least square model and the fully connected neural network model in prediction accuracy. The framework is expected to support the FT-IR spectral technology for aided detection of medical and clinical data.

Non-invasive hemoglobin estimation for preoperative anemia screening.

Preoperative anemia is common and associated with adverse postoperative outcomes. Assessment of hemoglobin concentrations may facilitate optimization prior to surgery. However, phlebotomy-based hemoglobin measurement may contribute to patient discomfort and iatrogenic blood loss, which makes non-invasive hemoglobin estimation attractive in this setting. This is a prospective study of adult patients presenting for preoperative evaluation before elective surgery at a tertiary care medical center. The Masimo Pronto Pulse CO-Oximeter was utilized to estimate blood hemoglobin concentrations (SpHb), which were then compared with hemoglobin concentrations obtained via complete blood count. Receiver operating curves were used to identify SpHb values maximizing specificity for anemia detection while meeting a minimum sensitivity of 80%. A total of 122 patients were recruited with a median (interquartile range) age of 66 (58, 72) years. SpHb measurements were obtained in 112 patients (92%). SpHb generally overestimated hemoglobin with a mean (± 1.96 × standard deviation) difference of 0.8 (-2.2, 3.9) g/dL. Preoperative anemia, defined by hemoglobin <12.0g/dL in accordance with institutional protocol, was present in 22 patients (20%). The optimal SpHb cut-point to identify anemia was 13.5g/dL: sensitivity 86%, specificity 81%, negative predictive value 96%, and positive predictive value 53%. Utilizing this cut-point, 60% (73/122) of patients could have avoided phlebotomy-based hemoglobin assessment, while an anemia diagnosis would have been missed in <3% (3/122). The use of SpHb devices for anemia screening in surgical patients is feasible with the potential to reliably rule-out anemia despite limited accuracy.

Effects of high levels of zinc oxide and dietary zinc/copper ratios on the metabolism of iron in weaned pigs.

The present study compares the use different levels of dietary zinc oxide and zinc/copper ratios on the metabolism of iron (Fe) in weaned pigs. Two experiments were conducted using 120 and 160 weanling piglets (7.96 ± 1.17 kg and 7.81 ± 0.25 kg body weight, respectively) that were randomly assigned to the experimental treatments. Experiment I: diets supplemented with 100, 1,000, and 3,000 mg/kg of zinc (Zn) as ZnO (LZn, MZn, HZn) and 130 mg/kg of copper (Cu) as CuSO4; experiment II: diets supplemented with 100 or 3,000 mg/kg of Zn as ZnO (LZn and HZn) in combination with 6 or 130 mg/kg of Cu as CuSO4 (LCu and HCu). In both experiments, diets had similar levels of supplemental Fe (100 mg/kg of Fe as FeSO4). Piglets were slaughtered at d21 (weaning), d23 (experiment I), d28 (experiment II), d35, and d42 to assess whole blood, serum, and liver Fe concentrations, hemoglobin concentration, and the relative expression of key genes associated with Fe metabolism in jejunum and liver. Whole blood Fe and hemoglobin concentrations (experiment I) as well as serum Fe concentrations (experiments I and II) were not affected by dietary treatments (P ≥ 0.11). Liver Fe concentrations (experiment II) and total liver Fe content (experiments I and II) were lower (P ≤ 0.05) in HZn compared to LZn groups at d42. In both experiments, the mRNA expression of jejunal DMT1 was lowest and that of jejunal FTH1 was highest at d42 (P ≤ 0.04) for HZn piglets. In experiment II only, jejunal FTH1 and FPN1 expression were greater (P ≤ 0.04) in HCu compared to LCu groups at d42. The highest expression of hepatic FTH1 and FPN1 at d35 and d42 (P ≤ 0.02) was detected in HZn piglets in both experiments. For hepatic HAMP, expression values were greater (P = 0.04) at d42 in HZn groups. In conclusion, high dietary ZnO levels impair Fe metabolism but the effects are not intense enough to impact circulating Fe and hemoglobin concentrations.

Zinc Supplementation Combats Tuberculosis by Reverting Back to Normal Compartmentalized State of Iron and Hence Increasing Blood Hemoglobin Concentration

Zinc Supplementation Combats Tuberculosis by Reverting Back to Normal Compartmentalized State of Iron and Hence Increasing Blood Hemoglobin Concentration

Рецидивуючий афтозний стоматит: дослідження можливих етіопатогенетичних факторів

Actuality: The prevalence, high frequency and deterioration in quality of life caused by chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis have led to a significant number of studies of the etiology and effective therapy of this disease. However, the etiology of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis is still unclear and the currently available therapies are insufficient. Purpose: to study the clinical and pathogenetic features of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Materials and methods: The study included 80 patients: 29 men (36.25%) and 51 women (63.75%) with CRAS who sought help at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the Bogomolets National Medical University. The age of the study participants was from 19 to 55 years. Patients with CRAS were divided into two groups: the first group (n=35) without gastrointestinal diseases, the second group (n=45) with gastrointestinal pathology. The control group (n=20) consisted of patients with diseases of the oral mucosa. To study the spectrum and number of microorganisms, biological material was taken from the surface of aphthous elements and PCR testing was performed (Diagen laboratory, Kyiv). The concentration of blood haemoglobin, iron, vitamin B 12, folic acid in the blood was determined using tests performed in the Diagen laboratory, Kyiv. Statistical analysis was performed using the licensed package MedStat 12 and Microsoft Excel. Results: In patients with gastrointestinal diseases (chronic gastritis and duodenitis, chronic pancreatitis), the most common recurrence of aphthae is 2 times per year, and in patients without gastrointestinal pathology, the most common recurrence of aphthae is 1 time per year. The results of the PCR study showed that in almost all clinical groups of patients examined, in samples taken from the surface of the aphthae, microorganisms of the genus Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were detected in 91.8% of cases, and Lactobacillus spp. were isolated in 51.4% of cases. Patients with CRAS had a significantly higher incidence of haemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency than patients in the control group. Conclusion: When recurrent oral aphthae are detected, it is advisable to conduct an examination by a dentist and a gastroenterologist to identify the presence of gastrointestinal diseases in patients. There is a significant association of haemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency with CRAS. Key words: chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis, gastrointestinal pathology, microbiome, blood parameters.

Prevalence of megaloblastic anemia in patients at NIMS Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan

Abstract Background: Anemia is defined operationally as a reduction in the hemoglobin content of blood that can be caused by a decrease in red blood corpuscles, hemoglobin, and hematocrit below the reference interval for healthy individuals of similar age, sex, and race under similar environmental conditions. Megaloblastic anemia is a condition, in which the bone marrow produces unusually large, structurally abnormal, and immature red blood cell. World Health Organization identifies anemia as the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in the world and a serious health concern among pregnant women. The 2011 estimates suggest that anemia affects around 800 million children and women all over the world, including 273 million children, 496 million non-pregnant women, and 32 million pregnant women. Objective: To determine the prevalence of megaloblastic anemia in patients at NIMS Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Materials and Methods: Blood was collected and investigations are done on Elite 580. Results: Male patients were more likely than female individuals to have megaloblastic anemia. Only 62 patients were female, with 210 patients being men. Male patients made up 77.21% of the prevalence, while female patients made up 22.79%. Megaloblastic anemia is more common in people between the ages of 41 and 50, both in male and female patients. Between the ages of 41 and 50, there were 144 male patients and 35 female patients overall. According to their ages, the prevalence of mean ± standard deviation was 43.5 ± 15.6 years for male patients and 41.32 ± 6.53 years for female patients. Male patients with megaloblastic anemia had an average hemoglobin concentration of 9.990.94 g/dL, whereas female patients had one of 9.970.87 g/dL. Conclusion: Government of Rajasthan as well as Health Ministry of India should take appropriate action to control the megaloblastic anemia in patient. Megaloblastic anemia is a common anemia found in the rural parts of Jaipur. The present study helps physicians to take necessary steps to control it. Not only for physicians, it will also be helpful for the government authorities to take appropriate steps to prevent and control the megaloblastic anemia. Iron and vitamin B12 supplements should be given to the patients on right time to control megaloblastic anemia. A balanced diet should be taken to prevent it. Government should take steps to educate the peoples of Rajasthan by displaying posters, conducting educational dramas, etc., both in rural and in the urban parts of this state.

Readaptation of Silver Carp to Standard Conditions after Long-Term Toxic Ammonium Nitrogen Load over Some Generations

The readaptation of the crucian carp after some generations of successful adaptation in the reservoir contaminated by inorganic nitrogen compounds and its return to favorable environmental conditions was investigated. After the 3-month adaptation to standard conditions, all considered physiological parameters (organ indices and Fulton fatness) reached the control values. At the same time, biochemical parameters did not return to the initial physiological state. According to the hormones (cortisol, T3 and T4) and glucose content in blood plasma, it can be stated that the experimental specimens had the energy-saving metabolism. The experimental specimens developed somewhat other way of the excess ammonium nitrogen excretion from the organism. Thus, content of protein as the basis of ammonia transport, in the blood plasma was lower than in control. Over the readaptation period, the experimental specimens had the increased hemoglobin content in blood. Thus, within three months complete readaptation of carp did not take place, the biochemical state was the most revealing.

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANTS ENZYMES AND AUTOPHAGY GENES IN THE BLOOD OF IRAQI SMOKER VOLUNTEERS.

The aim: In this study, we investigated the expression level of LC3A, LC3B, Beclin1, and ATG5 in the blood of smokers as well as non-smokers volunteers. On the other hand, total antioxidant status (TAS), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the same individuals were measured. Material and methods: About 5 ml of blood was collected from 55 smokers (workers in a coffee shop) and 24 non-smokers volunteers. The blood was divided into two parts: 2.5 ml collected in a K2-EDTA tube that was used for RNA extraction to estimate the autophagic genes including LC3A, LC3B, Beclin1, and ATG5 by using of qRT-PCR and for hematological studies. The other part - was centrifuged to obtain the serum samples to measure TAS, CAT, and SOD by spectrophotometrical method. Results: The fold expression of autophagy genes was significantly increased in the blood of smokers as compared to non-smokers' individuals at (p ≤ 0.05). On the other hand, TAS, CAT, and SOD were significantly increased in smokers as compared with non-smokers individuals at (p ≤ 0.05). The hematological study revealed increased hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit in the smoker's blood as compared to nonsmokers' individuals. No significant variation was found in other hematological parameters in the smoker's individual as compared to non-smokers at (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Our results indicate that smoke exposure may induce autophagy genes through increased antioxidant status and antioxidant enzymes, and the better way to be healthy is to quitting smoking.

Graphene-Based Chiral Metasurface for Generation of Tunable Circular Dichroism—Design and Sensor Applications

In this article, we have proposed a graphene-based 2-D chiral metasurface for the mid-infrared region. The chirality factor in terms of circular dichroism (CD) can be modulated by tuning the chemical potential of graphene. We have demonstrated our metasurface design in a reflection mode of operation. The structure consists of arc-shaped etched graphene patterns on a SiO2 substrate. CD of 0.85 with a chemical potential of 0.95 eV has been obtained for normal incidence. The CD value can be reduced to 0.30 just by tuning the chemical potential to 0.55 eV. We then exploited this CD factor for various sensing applications. We have shown that by tuning the CD, we can design a biosensor for the detection of hemoglobin concentration in human blood. A sensitivity of 2091.33 nm/RIU has been obtained for the detection of anemic conditions from the normal concentration of hemoglobin. We have also demonstrated that the same sensor design can be used for the detection of hazardous solvents such as chlorobenzene and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Finally, we have proposed a gas-sensing application considering hazardous gases like carbon dioxide and ethylene oxide for demonstration purposes. A maximum sensitivity of 6600 and 1250 nm/RIU has been reported for carbon dioxide and ethylene oxide.

A cross-sectional study of reticulocyte count and hemoglobin content of umbilical cord blood with relation to maternal factors in newborns of Sikkim

Background: The hematological values of the new born is amenable to certain changes under the influence of fetal, maternal, and environmental factors. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study was to study the effect of maternal factors on hemoglobin content and reticulocyte count in umbilical cord blood of newborns of Sikkim. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 cord blood samples from newborns delivered at CRH Hospital and STNM Govt. Hospital, Gangtok, Sikkim were analyzed. Two ml of cord blood was taken in an ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid tube under aseptic condition and within 6 h: Hemoglobin estimation and Reticulocyte count was done. Results: The mean reticulocyte count was 2.48 ± 0.87% in normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and in C/S was 3.06 ± 0.97%. The mean hemoglobin content was 13.9 ± 2.6 g/dL in NVD and in C/S was 16.1 ± 3.4 g/dL. P &lt; 0.05 for cord hemoglobin and reticulocytes in relation to mode of delivery was found to be highly significant. The mean reticulocyte count was 2.85 ± 1.0% in normal pregnancy and in complication of pregnancy was 2.9 ± 0.70%. The mean hemoglobin content was 15.36 ± 3.31 g/dL in normal pregnancy and in complication of pregnancy was 16.1 ± 3.4 g/dL. The reticulocyte count was found to be statistically significant in relation to complication of pregnancy. The mean mother’s hemoglobin was 11.16 ± 1.27 when cord hemoglobin content was &lt;14 g/dL and was 11.88 ± 1.24 g/dL when cord hemoglobin content was &gt;14 g/dL. There was statistical significance between the cord hemoglobin content and the hemoglobin content of the mother. Conclusion: Maternal anemia leads to lower circulating hemoglobin in new born. Cord blood screening is a useful means for identification of anemia in neonatal period. High reticulocyte count in neonates denotes active erythropoiesis which might help to defer transfusion unless there were other special reasons for proceeding.

A total closed chest swine model of acute myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock: A critical double coronary sub-occlusion approach

The management of acute myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock (AMICS) represents a significant challenge, with mortality rates remaining high (40–60%), despite recent advances. Current animal models of myocardial infarction are either associated with a very high rate of per-procedure malignant arrhythmia, or with very low impairment of hemodynamic parameters, or with the inability to have complete coronary reperfusion. We sought to develop a closed chest and clinically relevant large animal model of severe AMICS, with high survival rate. Adult pigs were anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Percutaneous cardiac catheterization was performed under fluoroscopy. Advanced left ventricular dysfunction was induced by 120 minutes of critical sub-occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery and the mid circumflex artery. A thorough hemodynamic assessment was obtained by invasive and non-invasive monitoring devices. Repeated blood samples were obtained to determine blood gas parameters, lactate, and haemoglobin concentration. After death, the heart was retrieved for further histological analyses. All animals (n = 12) developed significant circulatory failure associated with AMICS upon reperfusion and beyond. No animal died during the ischemia process. However, all animals that did not benefited from vasopressor support (“sham” group, n = 4) spontaneously died within 30 minutes of reperfusion, confirming the severity of the model. Cardiogenic shock was characterized by a drop in mean arterial pressure below 60 mmHg (58 ± 5 mmHg at 120 min of ischemia), a significant decrease in mean cardiac output (−44% from 5.7 ± 0.4 at baseline to 3.2 ± 0.4 at 120 minutes of ischemia) and SvO2 (−32% from 57 ± 8 at baseline to 39 ± 6 at 120 minutes of ischemia) and a significant increase in left ventricle end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (+110% from 10 ± 3 at baseline to 21 ± 3 at 120 minutes of ischemia). CO2 gap and coronary sinus venous oxygen saturation increased significantly upon ischemia and reperfusion and remained elevated throughout (P ≤ 0.001 for all comparisons). Myocardial samples corroborated extensive cellular necrosis and inflammatory infiltrates. We present, for the first time, a stable and clinically relevant model of severe AMICS obtained by critical double coronary sub-occlusion. The greater severity of the model did not lead to an increase in the frequency of malignant arrythmias and per-procedure mortality.

Exploring Predictive Risk Factors of Infusion Reactions with First Pertuzumab Administration in HER2-positive Breast Cancer Patients: A Single Institution Experience.

Pertuzumab and trastuzumab are monoclonal antibodies used for treating HER2-positive breast cancer. These anti-HER2 antibodies may induce infusion reactions (IR), mainly upon first administration. We investigated factors predicting IR in the initial pertuzumab treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 57 patients who first received pertuzumab-containing treatment in our hospital from January 2014 to February 2021. The frequency of IR during or immediately after pertuzumab administration was examined. We also analyzed patient characteristics that may represent possible risk factors for IR. The incidence rate of IR was 44% (25/57). Red blood cell count (P < 0.001), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration (P = 0.0011), and hematocrit (P < 0.001) immediately before pertuzumab administration were significantly lower in patients with IR than in those without. In patients with IR, erythrocyte levels immediately before pertuzumab treatment were significantly lower than baseline when having received anthracycline-containing chemotherapy within three months. Logistic regression analysis showed that a decrease in Hb levels was a significant risk factor for IR (log odds ratio = -17). According to the receiver-operating characteristic analysis, a 10% decrease in Hb after anthracycline-containing treatment was the best cut-off value for predicting IR (sensitivity: 88%; specificity: 77%; area under the curve: 0.87). Our study showed a higher incidence of IR after pertuzumab treatment than in clinical trials. There was a strong association between IR occurrence and erythrocyte levels lower than baseline in the group that received anthracycline-containing chemotherapy immediately before.

Comparison of Acute Hematological Adverse Reactions Induced by Craniospinal Irradiation With Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy and Conventional Radiotherapy.

With the update of equipment, the hospital base of this study began to adopt craniospinal irradiation (CSI) intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in May 2018 to replace the traditional CSI conventional radiotherapy (CRT) technology. The purpose of this study was designed to compare the differences in acute hematological adverse reactions induced by CSI-IMRT and CSI-CRT. The clinical data and hematological data of 102 patients with central nervous system malignant tumors who underwent CSI treatment at the 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA from January 2008 to August 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients included 63 men and 39 women, aged 3 to 56 years old. On the basis of the radiotherapy technique used, the patients were divided into the CSI-IMRT group (38 cases) and CSI-CRT group (64 cases). Acute hematological adverse reactions during radiotherapy were compared between the two groups according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the measurement data, and the χ2 test was used to compare the count data. No significant difference was found between the CSI-IMRT group and the CSI-CRT group in terms of sex, histopathological type, tumor location, spinal cord invasion, surgery, and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score (χ2 = 0.004 to 6.213; all P > .05). No significant difference was found in onset time of myelosuppression (11 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 7 to 14; minimum [min] to maximum [max]: 0 to 26) vs 8 days (IQR: 7 to 15; min to max: 3 to 29)) and nadir time of myelosuppression (21 days (IQR: 18 to 25; min to max: 12 to 35) vs 22 days (IQR: 15 to 25; min to max: 12 to 36)) between the CSI-IMRT group and the CSI-CRT group (Z = -0.856, -0.248; all P > .05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of decreased white blood cell counts (WBC), platelet counts, and hemoglobin concentration between the CSI-IMRT group and the CSI-CRT group, 86.8% (33/38) vs 78.1% (50/64), 57.9% (22/38) vs 42.2% (27/64), 57.9% (22/38) vs 53.1% (34/64); χ2 = 1.195, 2.357, 0.219; all P > .05. There were no significant differences in the incidence of decreased WBC, platelet counts, and hemoglobin concentration (severe myelosuppression) in grades III and IV, 23.7% (9/38) vs 21.9% (14/64), 7.9% (3/38) vs 3.1% (2/64), 5.3% (2/38) vs 9.4% (6/64); χ2 = 0.045, 1.164, 0.558; all P > .05. There was no significant difference in the incidence of myelosuppression and severe myelosuppression (grade III or above) induced by CSI-IMRT and CSI-CRT. CSI-IMRT is worthy of further clinical application.

Use of ketamine associated with detomidine or xylazine for semen collection with electroejaculation in pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus)

Semen collection by electroejaculation under general anesthesia is a frequent method used in wild animal species. The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two anesthetic protocols (ketamine/detomidine (KD) or ketamine/xylazine (KX) for semen collection with electroejaculation in pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) males. Also, compared the physiological and hematological changes with the two anesthetic protocols. Seven pampas deer males were anesthetized with both protocol in an overcorssed design, reverting the anesthesia with atipamezole in both protocols. The induction time, recovery time, and the time of the anesthesia procedures did not differ between both anesthetic protocols. The heart rate was greater when animals were anesthetized with KD than when KX was used (55.33 ± 2.7 bpm vs 45.12 ± 2.6 bpm; P = 0.05). Although there was no difference according to the anesthetic protocol, the oximetry values were below those considered normal in other species. When animals were treated with the KD, the red blood cell number, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration were greater than with the KX protocol (17.1 ± 1.3 ×106/µL vs 15.9 ± 1.3 ×106/µL; P = 0.006; 47.2 ± 3.4% vs 43.9 ± 3.4%; P = 0.008; and 14.8 ± 0.8 g/dL vs 13.8 ± 0.8 g/dL P = 0.01, respectively). Less number of electrical pulses were required for ejaculation in animals treated with KX than with KD (39.8 ± 2.6 vs 52.4 ± 2.6, P = 0.04). In samples collected from animals treated with KD, the total number of sperm with integral acrosome was lower, but the percentage of sperm with normal morphology was greater than in animals treated with KX (67.8 ± 67.0 × 106 sperm vs 243.1 ± 71.6 × 106, P = 0.03 and 40.0 ± 2.3% vs 30.6 ± 2.7%, P = 0.02; respectively). In conclusion, the use of KX induced less physiological changes, appearing also advantageous in semen quality.

Hematological and renoprotective effects of folic acid and lentil extract in diclofenac sodium exposed rats.

Excessive intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as, diclofenac sodium (DS) may lead to toxicity in the rats. In this work, we aimed to examine the protective impact of lentil extract (LE) and folic acid (FA) on the hematological markers, the kidney tissue oxidative stress and the renal function against diclofenac sodium (DS) in male albino rats. The rats (120-150 g) were divided into four equal groups randomly, the first group kept as the untreated control. The second group was administrated with DS (11.6 mg/kg b.wt. orally once/day). The third group was received DS+FA (11.6 mg/kg b.wt.+76.9 microgram/kg b.wt.) orally once/day. The fourth group was treated with DS+LE (11.6 mg/kg b.wt.+500 mg/kg b.wt.) orally once/day. After four weeks, the results revealed that DS produced a significant decrease in the values of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (HCT) and white blood cells (WBCs). On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the platelets count. Also, DS induced a renal deterioration; this was evidenced by the significant increase in the serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, Na, Ca, Mg as well as the nitric oxide (NO) level in the kidney tissue. Also, there were a significant reduction in the serum levels of potassium (K) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidney homogenates. Moreover, the findings in the rats treated by DS+LE or DS+FA showed a potential protection on the hematological markers, oxidative stress in the kidney tissue and the renal function disturbed by DS. LE and FA could play a potent role for the prevention the adverse hematological, the kidney tissue oxidative stress and the renal dysfunction caused by DS via their anti-oxidative and bioactive phytochemicals.

Weanling pigs consume more feed if hybrid rye replaces corn in diets, but average daily gain and fecal scores are not impacted by hybrid rye.

An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that growth performance and health status of pigs will not be reduced if hybrid rye is included in diets at the expense of corn during the initial 5 wk post-weaning. A total of 128 weanling pigs (5.6 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly allotted to 32 pens and 4 dietary treatments. Pigs were fed experimental diets for 35 d in three phases with days 1 to 7 being phase 1, days 8 to 21 being phase 2, and days 22 to 35 being phase 3. Within each phase, a control diet primarily based on corn and soybean meal was formulated, and three additional diets were formulated by including 8.0, 16.0, or 24.0% (phase 1), 16.0, 32.0, or 48.0% (phase 2), and 20.0, 40.0, or 60.3% (phase 3) hybrid rye in the diet at the expense of corn. Pig weights were recorded at the start and conclusion of each phase, fecal scores were visually assessed every other day on a pen basis, and blood samples were obtained from 1 pig per pen on days 21 and 35. Results indicated that average daily gain (ADG) in phase 1 increased (linear, P < 0.05) as the inclusion of hybrid rye increased, but no other differences in ADG were observed. Average daily feed intake linearly increased in phase 1, phase 3, and overall (P < 0.05) as hybrid rye inclusion increased in the diets, and gain:feed was negatively impacted by the inclusion of hybrid rye in the diet (phase 1, linear, P < 0.05; phases 2, 3, and overall, quadratic, P < 0.05). No differences in average fecal scores or diarrhea incidence were observed. On days 21 and 35, blood urea N increased (linear, P < 0.05) as hybrid rye increased in the diets; and on day 21, serum total protein also increased (linear, P < 0.05) with increasing hybrid rye inclusion in the diet. Mean blood hemoglobin concentration on day 35 increased and then decreased as hybrid rye inclusion increased (quadratic, P < 0.05). On day 21, interleukin (IL) 2 and IL 10 decreased and then increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) as hybrid rye inclusion increased. On day 35, IL 8 and IL 12 increased and then decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05) and interferon-gamma decreased and then increased (quadratic, P < 0.01) as hybrid rye inclusion increased. In conclusion, the ADG of pigs was not different among treatments, but at the highest hybrid rye inclusion level, pigs consumed more feed than if corn was fed and gain:feed was reduced with increasing hybrid rye in diets. Differences in blood serum cytokines indicate the immune system was affected differently when hybrid rye instead of corn was fed.