Hemato-biochemical Alterations Research Articles

Haemato-biochemical alterations in naturally occurring babesiosis in dogs

Haemato-biochemical alterations in naturally occurring babesiosis in dogs

Prevalence and haemato-biochemical alterations associated with Strongyloides papillosus infection among Awassi breed of sheep in Mosul, Iraq

Prevalence and haemato-biochemical alterations associated with Strongyloides papillosus infection among Awassi breed of sheep in Mosul, Iraq

Evaluation of Haemato-biochemical Alterations, Antioxidant status and Oxidative stress in Babesia Infected Cattle

Evaluation of Haemato-biochemical Alterations, Antioxidant status and Oxidative stress in Babesia Infected Cattle

Ameliorative Effect of Quercetin against Abamectin-Induced Hemato-Biochemical Alterations and Hepatorenal Oxidative Damage in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Abamectin (ABM) is a common agricultural pesticide and veterinary anthelmintic drug. It can discharge from the sites of application to aquatic systems via surface run-off or spray drift, causing harmful effects to aquatic organisms. The present study investigated the protective effect of dietary quercetin supplementation on hemato-biochemical parameters and hepato-renal oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to a sublethal dose of ABM. Fish were allocated into six equal groups. The first group was kept as a control group. The second and third groups (Q400, and Q800) were fed diets supplemented with two quercetin levels (400 and 800 mg/kg diet), respectively. The fourth group (ABM) was intoxicated with 20.73 µg/L of ABM. The fifth and sixth groups (ABM + Q400, and ABM + Q800) were fed diet supplemented with two quercetin levels (400 and 800 mg/kg diet) and simultaneously intoxicated with ABM for 60 days. The results showed that ABM significantly decreased RBCs, hemoglobin content, hematocrit, total protein, albumin levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity activities compared to the control. Meanwhile, ABM significantly increased white blood cells, glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, and alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Liver and kidney levels of lipid peroxidation was significantly increased, while hepato-renal antioxidant biomarkers (reduced glutathione, super oxide dismutase, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity) were significantly decreased upon ABM exposure. On the other hand, quercetin dietary supplementation improved the hemato-biochemical alterations and alleviated oxidative stress induced by ABM exposure. Fish supplemented with quercetin at a level of 800 mg/kg diet showed better alleviating effects against ABM compared to 400 mg/kg diet. Based on these study findings, we suggest that quercetin dietary supplementation (800 mg/kg) offered direct protection against ABM-induced physiological disturbance and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia.

IMPROVEMENT OF CYSTOSTOMY TECHNIQUE FOR SMALL PETS

The present study was carried out to evaluate an innovative veterinary catheter for cystostomy that we have developed for small pets, while the technique is for the management of clinical cases of obstructive urolithiais, this operation including the new catheter is devoted to emergency and usual cases in order to minimize most frequent complications engender by other catheters and other procedures that are the most widely used in veterinary practice with urinary obstruction. Fifteen cats aged between 1 and 18 years formed the material of the study. Undoubtedly all animals were diagnosed with a complicated course of urolithiasis with complete urinary tract obstruction. Diagnosis of the disease was made based on anamnesis data besides to physical and ultrasonographic examinations, and equally important, urine and blood tests were also done. The confirmed cases of obstructive urolithiasis were handled via surgery, where the proposed catheter for cystostomy was used rather than other types of catheters which are the most commonly utilised in these cases. The surgical techniques was assessed on the basis of clinical parameters, blood and urine analysis, postoperative complications, furthermore and above all, the success level. After the operations the method has successfully removed the symptoms of urinary tract obstruction, haematobiochemical alterations returned to normalcy and the survival rate was complete.

Haemato-biochemical alteration and therapeutic management of canine babesiosis

Haemato-biochemical alteration and therapeutic management of canine babesiosis

Molecular detection of Babesia bovis along with haemato-biochemical alterations in large ruminants associated with babesiosis in central Punjab, Pakistan

Babesiosis is endemic in Pakistan and is one of the most important bovine diseases that cause huge economic losses and high mortality in young animals. A hematobiochemical study was conducted to unveil the difference between diseased and healthy animals in specific districts i.e., Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh and Jhang of Punjab, Pakistan. The total number of blood samples collected were 518 which include samples of 158 buffaloes and 360 cattle. The collected samples are then analyzed with the help of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) targeting apocytochrome b-genes (CYTb) followed by hematobiochemical analysis. The analysis of data was done by the Chi-square test. The PCR tests conducted in summer suggests that 53 out of 180 (29.4%) cows and 19 out of 79 (24.05%) buffaloes are prone to babesiosis. On the other hand, in winter results showed that 12.7 (23/180), 13.92 % (11/79) samples positive for Babesia genus through c-PCR. The positive samples were further investigated for hematological and biochemical analysis. The results revealed that, the mean value of hematological parameters like RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCV and MCHC was significantly (P< 0.05) decreased in infected animals (cows and buffaloes) as compared to the non-infected ones. While the biochemical parameters like ALT, AST, Cholesterol and LDH were significantly (P< 0.05) increased in infected animals as compared to healthy animals. These findings are the novel molecular and hematobiochemical evidence of B. bovis in dairy herds of Punjab province, Pakistan.

Immunological and Hemato-biochemical alterations in diarrhoeic buffaloes screened for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection using ‘indigenous ELISA kit’

Paratuberculosis (ParaTB) in ruminants, commonly known as Johne’s disease (JD)is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Characteristic hallmark of JD is chronic inflammation of intestines. Similar infection of MAP in human population is called Crohn's disease (CD). In sub-tropical countries like India, domestic buffaloes are important source of milk and meat and vital for thenutritional security of human beings. Diarrhoea leading to weight loss and weakness invariably leads to reduced productivity, therefore huge financial losses to the livestock farmers. Evaluation of immuno-biochemical alterations and their management through appropriate therapeutic interventions would aid in preventing production losses caused by diarrhoea following MAP infection.Most of the studies were performed to understand immune-biochemical alterations in serum samples of cattle following experimental infections. But studies are limited in clinical cases of buffaloes suffering from diarrhoea and were suspected for MAP infection.We categorized diarrhoeic buffaloes brought at Veterinary Clinical Complex of Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, for therapeutic intervention; As MAP negatives / suspected, low positive, positive and strong positive based on indigenous ELISA kit results. We further compared immuno hemato-biochemical alterations in MAP negative/suspected low positive, positive and strong positive animals.Our major findings were; significant differences observed in creatinine, globulin, total leucocytic, neutrophils and in lymphocytes numbers. Decreasing trend in leucocytes was seen from suspected to strong positive animals, which indicated the progression of disease towards chronic paratuberculosis. However, differences were not observed in the Th1 cytokine levels.

Naturally occurring Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle: Molecular prevalence and associated risk factors, haemato-biochemical alterations, oxidant/antioxidant status and serum trace mineral levels

The present investigation was undertaken to map the distribution of Anapalsma species infection in cattle from the Aizawl region of Mizoram, India, in relation to various risk factors, and to study the haemato-biochemical alterations, oxidant/antioxidant status and serum trace mineral levels in cattle with naturally occurring Anapalsma marginale infection. The study was carried out over 31 months from June 2019 to December 2021. A total of 401 cattle blood samples were collected and screened for the presence of Anaplasma spp. by microscopic examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Non-infected clinically healthy cattle (n = 21) served as control. Blood samples were collected to study the haemogram and serum samples were used for the evaluation of biochemical parameters, oxidative stress indices and trace minerals. During the study period, an overall prevalence of 15.71% was recorded for A. marginale infection in cattle. The prevalence of A. marginale infection was highly associated with age, sex, breed and tick infestation status of animals, floor system and management of farms, and season. The mean values of total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total platelet count, total protein, albumin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower, whereas the mean values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in cattle infected with A. marginale. A negative correlation of TEC with LPO, and a positive correlation with SOD, GSH, TAC, Cu and Zn suggest a possible link between oxidative stress and the haemolytic crisis noticed in bovine anaplasmosis. Incorporation of antioxidants and organ protective drugs as an adjunct therapy may result in better prognosis.

Studies on the haemato-biochemical changes in growing broilers after being fed on Icacina oliviformis (false yam) tuber meal

Haemato-biochemical alterations were studied from feeding and slaughter experiments in growing broilers to investigate the effects of Icacina oliviformis (false yam) tuber meal on haemato-biochemical changes. Diets contained: raw seed meal without any treatment (30 g/kg diet), tuber meal treated without aqueous ethanol (70% alcohol; 60 g/kg), tuber meal treated with aqueous ethanol (70% alcohol; 60 g/ kg), soaked, dried tuber meal (90 g/kg), and standard commercial corn, soybean and fishmeal based feed as control diet. Both control and treatment groups allocated 42 g diet/day (restricted feeding) and were pair-fed up to the end of the experiment. The cellular components and parameters of blood and serum were subjected to detailed studies. Cellular elements were found to be little affected. Nevertheless, values recorded on the effects of test substances on hematological indices of packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (HBC) and red blood cell (RBC) were found to be significantly (p &lt; 0.05) different among indices measured. PCV recorded was highest (p &lt; 0.05) in groups fed 6% raw tuber meal treated with 70% aqueous ethanol. HBC value was highest (p &lt; 0.05) for birds fed the 9% soaked tuber meal (8.58 g%) as compared to those of others. The significant (p&lt;0.05) lowering effect of total cholesterol was observed in birds fed false yam meal at different concentrations compared to those of birds fed on standard control diet. The water-soaked false yam meal which was incorporated at the level of 90 g/kg diet lowered total serum cholesterol by 36% compared with that value for the standard commercial feed. However, the present experiments could not adequately explain the underlying reasons for lowering effects which is related to lipid metabolism. The results suggest that false yam protein and or fiber may be involved in reducing cholesterol and may exert long-term effects of this material on the consumers through unknown mechanisms. It is highly likely that our preliminary investigation has revealed hitherto unknown cholesterol-lowering natural product from false yam and thus, further work is warranted.

Elucidating the ameliorative effects of the cyanobacterium Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and several microalgal species against the negative impacts of contaminants in freshwater fish: A review

Generally, fishes are continuously exposed to several aquatic pollutants originating from agricultural runoff, mining activities, discharges from industrialized regions, or other sources that throw their polluted water into the aquatic ecosystems. Fish exposure to pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides, and other toxic chemicals will negatively affect their health and welfare. These pollutants may induce growth retardation, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, reproductive disturbances, haemato-biochemical alterations, immune suppression, increased susceptibility to diseases, high mortality rates, and great economic losses. Therefore, researchers have paid utmost interest in finding functional feed ingredients to maintain fish health, increase productivity, and improve the aquaculture industry. Microalgae have gained great importance as a promising and functional feed ingredient because of their high nutritional values. Moreover, their bioactive phytochemicals also possess important functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory properties and several others. In this concern, many studies highlighted the health benefits of microalgae for farmed fish, such as improving hepato-renal functions, immunity, and antioxidant capacity. This review article provides a new approach that discusses and evaluates the potential efficacy of the cyanobacterium Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and six microalgal species, namely Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Dunaliella salina, Nannochloropsis oculata, Haematococcus pluvialis, and the diatoms Amphora coffeaeformis in the mitigation of toxicity signs and negative impacts of some aquatic toxicants in the exposed freshwater fish. This will spotlight the strategies based on the use of natural additives that can attenuate the negative impacts of contaminants in farmed fish. The data and literature would be valuable to provide important insights and new references for upcoming studies.

Detection of Epsilon Toxin in Goats Affected with Acute Enterotoxaemia and the Haemato-biochemical Alterations

Background: The principal cause of caprine enterotoxaemia is Clostridium perfringens type D which is normally resident in digestive tract and soil in fairly low numbers. Overeating of carbohydrate rich diet or sudden change in diet leads to proliferation of the bacteria and release of lethal toxins in intestine of the host. It causes sudden death in affected ruminants of different ages, though lambs of 3 to 10 weeks of age are highly susceptible. It causes sever enterocolitis with or without haemorrhagic diarrhoea and encephalitis resulting in acute nervous signs with a fatal outcome. Methods: Thirty goats of different breeds under 1-4 years age and both sex were presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli with the neurological signs and diarrhoea were the subject of study. Faecal samples were collected from all these cases and tested on spot by immunochromatographic test kit to identify the Clostridium perfringens Epsilon toxin (ETX). Blood and serum samples were collected and subjected haemato-biochemical analysis. Peripheral blood smears were also collected to rule out haemoprotozoan infections in all the cases. Result: Epsilon toxin was detected from faecal samples of 36.6 per cent of the goats. Diarrhoea was the most consistent finding which is due to enterocolitis in acute cases. A significant increase (P less than 0.001) in the neutrophils and leukocytes count and a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in the levels of BUN, creatinine, glucose, ALP and chloride levels were observed. All the cases were treated with sulphadimidine at recommended dose with supportive therapy but no response was reported due to the fatal encephalitis.

Clinical, haemato-biochemical alterations with acute phase response in canine parvoviral enteritis

Clinical, haemato-biochemical alterations with acute phase response in canine parvoviral enteritis

Bisphenol A Induces Histopathological, Hematobiochemical Alterations, Oxidative Stress, and Genotoxicity in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the environmental endocrine disrupting toxicants and is widely used in the industry involving plastics, polycarbonate, and epoxy resins. This study was designed to investigate the toxicological effects of BPA on hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology of different organs of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of 60 fish were procured and haphazardly divided into four groups. Each experimental group contained 15 fish. The fish retained in group A was kept as the untreated control group. Three levels of BPA 3.0, 4.5, and 6 mg/L were given to groups B, C, and D for 30 days. Result indicated significant reduction in hemoglobin (Hb), lymphocytes, packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), and monocytes in a dose-dependent manner as compared to the control group. However, significantly higher values of leucocytes and neutrophils were observed in the treated groups (P < 0.05). Results on serum biochemistry revealed that the quantity of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and creatinine levels was significantly high (P < 0.05). Our study results showed significantly (P < 0.05) increase level of oxidative stress parameters like reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lower values of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) in treated groups (4.5 mg/L and 6 mg/L)) in the brain, liver, gills, and kidneys. Our study depicted significant changes in erythrocytes (pear shaped erythrocytes, leptocytes, microcytes, spherocytes, erythrocytes with broken, lobed, micronucleus, blabbed, vacuolated nucleus, and nuclear remnants) among treated groups (4.5 mg/L and 6 mg/L). Comet assay showed increased genotoxicity in different tissues including the brain, liver, gills, and kidneys in the treated fish group. Based on the results of our experiment, it can be concluded that the BPA exposure to aquatic environment is responsible for deterioration of fish health, performance leading to dysfunction of multiple vital organs.

Haematobiochemical alterations by lead acetate toxicity and its amelioration with Andrographis paniculata mediated selenium nanoparticles in mice

Toxicity of lead acetate and its amelioration with Andrographis paniculata mediated selenium nanoparticles on hematobiochemical parameters in mice was studied. Total 32 male Swiss Albino mice were divided into 4 equal groups. Group T1 was served as control, while T2 group was treated with lead acetate @ 20 mg/kg b. wt. T3 group was treated with Andrographis paniculata mediated selenium nanoparticles @ 5mg/kg b.wt and T4 group was treated with lead acetate @ 20mg/kg b.wt + Andrographis paniculata mediated selenium nanoparticles @ 5mg/kg b.wt. The treatment was given for 28 days. T2 group given lead acetate revealed a significant decrease in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, and lymphocyte count whereas neutrophil count was significantly increased. Serum total protein and albumin were significantly decreased while serum AST, ALT, creatinine, and BUN were significantly increased in group T2. However, the haematobiochemical values from T4 group showed non significant alteration when compared with control group except Hb. Thus A. paniculata mediated selenium nanoparticles supplementation along with lead acetate showed protective beneficial effect on hematobiochemical parameters during lead toxicity in mice.

Deleterious Effects of Amoxicillin on Immune System and Haematobiochemical Parameters of a Rabbit.

The present study is aimed at evaluating the haematobiochemical and immune system alterations in rabbit's exposure to amoxicillin. Thirty-two healthy rabbits were randomly divided into four (n = 8) groups comprising of three experimental groups and one control group. After 7 days of the acclimatization period, the study animals were given different doses of amoxicillin orally (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days. The hematological results revealed that red blood cells, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) whereas white blood cells, neutrophils, and granulocyte exhibited a significantly increasing trend. Serum biochemical analysis showed a significantly increased concentration of HDL, LDL, serum globulin cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, creatine, and calcium while plasma fibrinogen, blood sugar, albumin, and total protein were decreased significantly. Furthermore, liver function enzymes such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and bilirubin significantly increased. Antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde concentrations (MDA) increased significantly while catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and peroxidase reduced significantly in antibiotic amoxicillin-treated groups as compared to the untreated control group (P < 0.05). Microscopic histopathological examination showed negative structural changes in liver, kidney, and heart tissues due to karyorrhexis; a disorganized hepatic cord in the liver; increased Bowman's space, necrotic renal tubules, and degenerative glomerulus in the kidney; and necrotic cardiac cells and cytoplasmic vacuolization in the heart, in antibiotic amoxicillin-treated rabbit groups as compared to the control group. In conclusion, amoxicillin induced stress and physiological and immunological impairments due to the adverse effects on haematobiochemical parameters and histopathological and tissue protein changes in target animals.

Clinical, Haematobiochemical, Ultrasonographical, and Ruminal Alterations in Induced Lactic Acidosis with Therapeutic Evaluation in Camels in South Sinai

Clinical, Haematobiochemical, Ultrasonographical, and Ruminal Alterations in Induced Lactic Acidosis with Therapeutic Evaluation in Camels in South Sinai

Haemato-biochemical alterations associated with babesiosis in cattle

Haemato-biochemical alterations associated with babesiosis in cattle

Haematobiochemical Study on Effect of Linum usitatissimum (Fax Seed) and Emblica officinalis (Amla) Against Lead Toxicity in Wistar Rats

The rationale of current study was to observe the effects of lead acetate on haematobiochemical parameter and impact of Linum usitatissimum (Flax seed) and Emblica officinalis (Amla) in Wistar rats. 108 adult Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into six groups consisting of 18 rats in each, where Group I served as control and they received distilled water. Group II provided with lead acetate @ 60 mg/ kg b.wt., Group III had Emblica officinalis @ 100 mg/ rat/ day, Group IV was fed with Linum usitatissimum @ 300 mg/ kg b.wt, Group V was given lead acetate @ 60 mg/ kg b.wt + Emblica officinalis @ 100 mg/ rat/ day and Group VI received lead acetate @ 60 mg/ kg b.wt + Linum usitatissimum @ 300 mg/ kg b.wt. for 45 days. The mean TEC, Hb, PCV, lymphocyte were reduced significantly (P<0.05) and TLC, Neutrophil count were increased significantly (P<0.05), whereas, significant reduction (P<0.05) in mean protein level and significant (P<0.05) elevation in mean ALT, AST, cholesterol, creatinine, ALP and LDH levels were estimated in serum of lead treated rats as duration dependent manner. The levels of all above parameters were significantly improved in the ameliorated group (Group V and VI). The observations made in the study indicated that co-administration of Amla and Flax seed to rats concurrently with lead was shown to have ameliorating effect on haematobiochemical alteration induced by Lead (Pb) and the ameliorating effect of Emblica was found to be relatively better than that of Flax seed.

Clinico-pathological investigation of inflammatory mammary carcinomas in bitches

A study was conducted to elucidate the altered clinico-pathological parameters in diagnosis and prognosis of inflammatory mammary carcinomas in bitches. Blood and serum samples were collected from 30 each normal and tumor bearing bitches for haemato-biochemical analysis. A significant (P<0.05) reduction of total erythrocyte count and highly significant (P<0.01) reduction of packed cell volume were noticed in tumor affected bitches. A significant (P<0.05) elevation of mean corpuscular haemoglobin and highly significant (P<0.01) elevation of mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and total leucocyte count were observed in mammary tumor affected dogs. A significant (P<0.05) increase in total cholesterol and highly significant (P<0.01) increase in alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and potassium values were noticed in tumor bearing bitches. Highly significant (P<0.01) reduction in albumin and significant (P<0.05) reduction in calcium were also noticed. An elevation of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidase values whereas reduction of catalase value were noticed in the tumor tissues. Histopathologically, the tumors were classified as benign (2) and malignant (28) tumors with infiltration of inflammatory cells in 18 cases. The haemato-biochemical alterations due to antioxidants and lipid peroxidase were consistent in the diagnosis and management of mammary tumors in bitches.