Hematimetric Indices Research Articles

Use of Bacillus subtilis multiplicate in the water used for biofloc formation: Growth, hemato-biochemistry, intestinal bacteria colonies, and bacterial resistance evaluations of Nile tilapia

Probiotics in the biofloc technology (BFT) system improve fish growth and immune response and promote a favorable intestinal microbiota balance. This study aimed to investigate the growth, hemato-biochemical parameters, bacterial resistance, and the number of intestinal bacteria colonies of Nile tilapia (6.23 g) reared in the BFT system with graded levels of Bacillus subtilis multiplicate (BSM) in the water. The multiplication of these microorganisms was performed in a biofactory. Fish were distributed into four different groups with graded BSM concentrations in the water of 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75% (or 0; 750; 1500; and 2250 mL; called BSM0 (control), BSM25, BSM50, and BSM75, respectively). The experimental procedure had 45 days for growth performance evaluations and seven additional days of bacterial challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. The experimental design was randomized into four treatments in triplicate (n = 20 fish per tank; initial stocking density of 0.50 kg m−3). Survival was 100% before and after the bacterial challenge. Increasing BSM in the BFT system had a positive linear effect on nitrite, nitrate, settled solids, hemoglobin, and hematimetric indices. BSM50 showed the highest specific growth rate, weight gain, intestinal total bacteria, and B. subtilis counts and the lowest feed conversion rate. In BSM50 and BSM75, liver glycogen levels and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity were higher and lower, respectively, than in the other treatments. Plasma total cholesterol, total proteins, albumin, and skin mucus total proteins and albumin were highest in BSM25. After the bacterial challenge, the number of lesions was lower in BSM75 than in the control group. In conclusion, we recommended BSM50 because it increased the growth performance and bacterial colonization in the intestine. It also decreased liver AST activity in Nile tilapia reared in the BFT system without compromising water quality and hematological and plasmatic parameters.

Ferritin level in sickle cell patients at the sickle cell referral center of Lomé in 2022

Aim: Major sickle cell sufferers residing in tropical regions find themselves at the crossroads of several situations that can modify their iron status. Our aim was to describe ferritin levels in sickle cell patients at Centre National de Recherches et de Soins aux Drépanocytaires (CNRSD) of Lomé. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of sickle cell patients seen in medical consultations from May 16 to July 15, 2022. We included all sickle cell patients with anemia, who were seen in a medical monitoring during the study period and who gave their free consent. MINDRAY automatic system BC 6000, Mini-Vidas automatic system from BIOMERIEUX, and Minicap Flex Piercing from SEBIA were used to perform hemograms, ferritin levels, protidograms, and hemoglobin electrophoresis, respectively. The variables studied were patients’ medical history, age, sex, hematimetric indices, ferritin levels, hemoglobin fractions, and protidograms. We used Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software to analyze data. Results: 117 patients with a mean age of 15.42±11.11 years were included. The sex ratio M/F was 0.98. Ferritin levels was below 15 ng/mL in 4 (3.42% of cases) and below 30 ng/mL in an inflammatory context in 7 patients (5.98%). Median ferritin level was 178.37 ng/mL; [Q1=59.39; Q3=411.35]. SS patients were most frequent (75.21%). The mean hemoglobin level of patients was 8.10±1.21 g/dL. Non-microcytic anemia was most frequent (57.30%). Conclusion: Elevated ferritin levels were more frequent than iron deficiency in sickle cell patients at the CNRSD of Lomé. Thus, any prescription of iron should be motivated by proof of the existence of iron deficiency.

Dermocistidiosis: A novel illness in Pangasionodon hypophthalmus in Brazil, and an alternative treatment

The dermocistidiosys is a new fish disease in the Brazilian aquaculture. This is the second report occurred in Pangasionodon hypophthalmus in Brazil, but therapeutic alternatives to controlling it still are missing. The objective of this study was to characterize the Dermocystidium spp. infection in P. hypophthalmus fingerling and to evaluate different alternatives for controlling it. A total of 170 fish naturally infected with Dermocystidium spp. were used in this study. The fish were anesthetized and then submitted to blood and parasitological analysis. The glucose, total of erythrocytes, hematocrit percentage, hemoglobin concentration, hematimetric indexes, thrombocytes and differential of leukocytes were evaluated. In vitro tests were performed exposing Dermocystidium spp. cysts at to different therapeutic products: copper nanoparticles (CuNP), zinc sulphate (ZnSO4), copper sulphate (CuSO4), plant aqueous extract of Costus spicatus and Schinus terebinthifolia. The plasmodium viability (live/dead) were evaluated by fluorescent probes. Afterwards, an in vivo assay was carried out using the same therapeutic products plus one treatment represented by elevating temperature (32o C) during 96 h, evaluating the clinical signs and mortality. After 96 h, the surviving fish were monitored for more 60 days. The infected fish before experiments, presented discolored skin areas and a worm-like elongated cysts (plasmodium) within vesicles randomly distributed through the body, showing mean intensity of 80.70 ± 23.46 cysts/infected fish and the neutrophil was the most abundant cell in the blood. All therapeutic products caused mortality of spores within cysts in vitro assay. However, for in vivo test, despite the efficacy in vitro, fish died after exposure to treatments, except to elevating temperature. The fish into the controlled temperature strategy demonstrated 100% of survival at the end of 96 h and absence of clinical signs after 60 days.

Interleukin-6 Gene Polymorphisms Influencing in hematological indices from sickle cell Anemia Patients

The homozygous hemoglobin SS is characterized Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA), altering the original structure of erythrocytes to a sickle shape. The hemoglobinopathies encompass all genetic diseases of hemoglobin and the SCA is the one that presents the greatest clinical manifestations variability and also the most severe ones, causing chronic hemolysis, vaso-occlusive crises and severe anemia in patients. The present study aimed to investigate the role of rs2069832, rs2069835, rs2069840, rs2069845 and rs2069849 polymorphisms in the Interleukin-6 gene in the hematological values of SCA patients treated at Fundação HEMOAM, Manaus, AM. The inclusion of patients was carried out through outpatient care at HEMOAM. Genomic DNA was extracted using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen) and molecular analyzes by TaqMan® probes on Applied Biosystems QuantStudio 6 Flex Real-Time PCR System. A total of 277 SCA patients were included in this study, having the female gender having a minimally higher frequency (55.3%). The mean age at diagnosis was approximately three years old, with brown race being the most predominant (77.6%). The rs2069832_AA and rs2069845_AA genotypes showed high values for red blood cell, hemoglobin and hematocrit indices, by having an important role as a protective factor for hemolysis in these patients. While the rs2069835_CC genotype showed decreased values for the same hematimetric indices, demonstrating to be a potential risk factor for increased hemolysis. No significant correlation in hematimetric indices was observed for the rs2069840 and rs2069849 genotypes. There are few studies correlating the genetic variants of the IL-6 gene in SCA in the state of Amazonas, however, it is known that IL-6 is involved in cell proliferation and greater response to inflammatory cytokines, and may modulate the clinical response in these patients, such as chronic hemolysis, vaso-occlusion and infections. Our work demonstrated associations of risk and protective IL-6 genotypes for possible hemolysis in patients with sickle cell anemia. We understand that an investigation with a larger number of patients would be recommended to elucidate the roles of the studied polymorphisms in sickle cell anemia. In addition, elucidating the role of Il-6 in sickle cell anemia may lead to the development of new strategies and therapies to prevent the systemic effects of excessive cytokine production and, consequently, reduce the severity of crises in these patients, providing better prognosis, clinical follow-up and welfare.

Hematological Reference Values According to Geographical Region in Jujuy, Argentina.

Armella, Flavia Noelia, and Sandra Stella Lazarte. Hematological reference values according to geographical region in Jujuy, Argentina. High Alt Med Biol. 23:232-239, 2022. Background: Hematological values vary with altitude above sea level. The purpose of this work was to determine the ranges of hematological reference, and the prevalence of anemia and erythrocytosis in adult blood donors from Jujuy, discriminated according to the geographical region, who assisted at the Centro Regional de Hemoterapia from 2016 to 2018. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out. Men and women donors belonging to the regions of Valles, Yungas, Quebrada, and Puna were analyzed. The percentiles 2.5 and 97.5 were obtained for the hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), red blood cell count (RBCC), and hematimetric indices, according to sex and region. Results: A total of 4,707 men and 3,326 women, ranging from 18 to 65 years of age, who met with the expected clinical criteria in donors, were studied. The anemia prevalence was 2.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2%-2.8%), while the erythrocytosis was 4.9% (95% CI = 4.4%-5.4%). The RBCC, Hb, and Ht increased with altitude above sea level. Conclusions: The Hb and Ht were similar to those observed in the Andean populations living at similar altitudes. The anemia prevalence was lower than the global prevalence reported by the World Health Organization, while that of erythrocytosis increased with the altitude above the sea level. The evidence indicates the necessity for laboratories to obtain reference values for their target population. Registro Nacional de Investigaciones (Renis, Ministerio de Salud de Argentina) IS002323.

A case report on the septic arthritis in a newborn: therapeutic approaches and major considerations

Introduction: The prevalence of septic arthritis (SA) is higher in underdeveloped countries than in developed countries, and the number of hospitalizations of children for this cause is decreasing and the most prevalent age group is between 0 and 4 years of age. Clinical history and detailed physical examination are essential to make an accurate diagnosis, but the neonatal period has certain limitations. Objective: To report a case of septic arthritis that occurred in a newborn admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to its serious condition, morbidity, and unusual evolution of the pathology in the pediatric population, scarcity of epidemiological data on the subject, still aiming address aspects of the treatment of the disease. Case report: Male patient, born on 09/11/2020 at Santa Casa de Tupã, Sao Paulo, with a gestational age of 36 weeks and 6 days, through cesarean delivery and without complications, obtaining APGAR 9 and 10, and maintained in a room with the mother. The morning after birth, the newborn (NB) began to groan and have mild respiratory distress. The patient evolved with worsening of the breathing pattern and oxygen was concentrated at 6L/min in Hood's Halo, presenting hyperthermia, hyperemia, and edema in the right elbow. Laboratory tests showed an increase in C-Reactive Protein and worsened hematimetric indices of the blood count, and antibiotic therapy was then started with oxacillin 50 mg/kg/dose and amikacin 15 mg/kg/day. The ultrasound of the right elbow showed skin thickening, absence of collections, and no changes in vasculature, being suggestive of cellulite. A new ultrasound of the right elbow showed bulging, intra-articular collection, and discreet collection with extra-articular communication in the medial region, being suggestive of septic arthritis. Blood culture collection resulted in the growth of gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus aureus) in a pair of samples. The patient received intravenous treatment with Vancomycin for 14 days with clinical and laboratory improvement of the infection and was discharged with the use of oral Clindamycin for another 14 days and physical therapy follow-up for rehabilitation of movement of the affected limb. Final considerations: Due to the unusual evolution of SA in the neonatal period, and the scarcity of literature on the pathology in this age group, the importance of further studies on the subject, and greater surveillance for neonatal diagnosis, in addition to early treatment to reduce of complications.

Effect of Radiotherapy and Low-Level Laser Therapy on Circulating Blood Cells of Rats.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the blood cell count when applied to parotid glands of rats irradiated by volumetric modular arc therapy (VMAT). Methods: Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats were used in this study. Samples were randomly assigned to three groups: control group (CG, n = 8), immediate laser group (24 hours) (ILG, n=12), and late laser group (120 hours) (LLG, n=12). The two laser groups were previously subjected to VMAT radiotherapy in a single dose of 12 Gy. LLLT with an AsGaAl laser (660 nm, 100 mW) was applied at three points in the region of the parotid glands, right side, with the energy of 2 J per point (20s, 70 J/cm2) and a spot size of 0.0028 cm2 for 10 consecutive days. In the euthanasia, blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture. The samples from each group were processed by an automatic method and analyzed for erythrogram, leukogram and platelet count values. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and each LLLT time point was analyzed in relation to the control group, with a significance level less than 0.05. Results: Groups using LLLT had higher red blood cell counts, being higher in the LLG (P = 0.000). The hematimetric indices MCV (P = 0.002) and MCH (P = 0.009) were lower than the control group, especially when compared to the group using LLLT 120h after radiotherapy (LLG). White blood cell counts were lower in the groups with radiotherapy and immediate use of LLLT (ILG) (P = 0.011), mainly at the expense of lymphocytes (P = 0.002). Conclusion: The results suggest a potential systemic effect of LLLT, especially on circulating red blood cell counts, regardless of their time of immediate or late use of radiotherapy.

Nelore females along a new Brazilian agricultural frontier: hematological and clinical-biochemical approaches

ABSTRACT The Nelore breed is the second largest bovine breed in the world and has actively participated in the expansion of new Brazilian agricultural frontiers. In this context, the purpose of this study was to determine the hematological and biochemical reference intervals of healthy Nelore matrices raised under an extensive regime without supplementation along southwest of Piauí state. Blood samples were collected from fifty-five multiparous female of the Nelore breed. Biochemical and hematological parameters were analyzed using a parametric statistical method with 95% CI of reference limits. The average values of red blood cells, hemoglobin as well as hematimetric indices showed reference ranges similar to reference standards. The hematocrit as well as granulocytes and agranulocytes presented alterations typical of animals raised in environments with higher temperatures. Mineral, enzymatic, protein and metabolic profiles were similar to other bovine breeds but with a narrower range of values. However, lower mean values were observed for levels of ionized calcium, total protein and urea. Nelore females present slightly different biochemical and hematological profiles from other breeds, which might result from the environmental and nutritional management applied and the natural deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium in the region's pastures.

Time-dependent hematological responses of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus exposed to an estuarine contaminated water

We aimed to study hematological responses of Oreochromis niloticus experimentally exposed to the contaminated water of the Santos-São Vicente Estuary, testing hypotheses that exposure time to estuarine water promotes deleterious effects on hematological parameters and evaluating the use of erythrocytes and leukocytes alterations as environmental biomarkers. Estuarine water was collected from Largo da Pompeba. For the biological assay, 28 juveniles of O. niloticus (red strain) of both genders were randomly selected from commercial pisciculture. For the biological assay, 28 juveniles of O. niloticus of both sexes were randomly selected from commercial fish farms. The juveniles were kept in estuarine water for 72 and 120 hours and, after exposure, blood was collected by puncture of the caudal vein to determine total erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, hematimetric indices and total leukocytes, as lymphocyte, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were quantified by blood extensions. To test exposure overtime on hematological variables, we performed a two-factor Multivariate Analysis of Variance. Exposure for 72 hours resulted in immunosuppression as seen by the reduced counts of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes in the bloodstream, whereas after 120 hours the immune system was stimulated with the increase of all leukocyte cell types. Exposure to estuarine water resulted in marked changes in the leukocyte count of O. niloticus, demonstrating that alterations in white blood cells might be more sensitive biomarkers than red blood parameters.

Performance, hematology, and immunology of pacu in response to dietary supplementation with fructooligosaccharides

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the performance, hematology, and immunology of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles. A total of 0 (control), 2.0, and 4.0 g kg-1 of the probiotic were added to the fish diets. Fish (49.3±4.3 g) were allotted into 12 tanks of 60 L, in a completely randomized design (n=4). After 60 days, final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio were improved in the fish fed with the prebiotic, although feed intake was not affected by the treatments. The number of red blood cells was higher only in fish fed with 2.0 g kg-1 FOS. The opposite was observed for the hematimetric indices mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, which decreased in fish fed with 2.0 g kg-1 FOS. The number of defense cells, such as leukocytes and thrombocytes, also increased in the prebiotic treatments. The evaluated immunological parameters were not influenced by prebiotic supplementation. Dietary FOS supplementation improved pacu growth and health.

Prevalence of Trypanosoma vivax Infection of Cattle in south-west, Nigeria

In south-west Nigeria, several Trypanosoma species are prevalent. These parasites cause trypanosomosis in livestock and man with cellular changes and tissue damages resulting in great loss in production and sometimes death. Hence, continuous surveillance is very necessary for monitoring and control of trypanosomosis. This study concentrated on the survey of trypanosome infection and its effect on both weight and haematological indices of Nigerian cattle. One hundred and eighty cattle were used in the study. The sex of cattle was noted while the age of cattle was determined using dentition and weight was determined using weigh-band. Blood sample was collected from 180 cattle, DNA was extracted from each cattle blood sample and PCR technique was adopted as a molecular diagnostic tool for prevalence study. Reference primer specific for Trypanosoma vivax (Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) gene) was used as a probe for the detection of the presence of parasite while gene amplification on argarose gel was considered positive for the cattle under consideration. The haematological analysis was also carried out using Auto-haemoanalyser. The prevalence rate of Trypanosoma vivax based on sex, age and breed of cattle was determined. The result revealed a prevalence rate of 87.22%. About 19.44% was due to infection in the males while 67.78% of the infection was recorded in the female cattle. For the prevalence within the age group; 0 -1 year was 21.11%, >1≤ 2 years was 21.11%, >2 ≤ 3 years was 32.22%, >3 years was 12.78%. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference between the weight, haematological parameters determined and the infection status. In the phase of infection, the hosts were able to maintain their red blood cell counts from a perceived compensatory response which was revealed in the erythrocycitc indices an packed cell volume. Though the prevalence rate recorded was high, the hosts were able to maintain the haematimetric indices, it can then be concluded that Muturu cattle has displayed trypanotolerant property

Multi-biomarkers approach to access the impact of novel metal-insecticide based on flavonoid hesperidin on fish.

Aquatic ecosystem health is the main concern to increasing pesticides application to control agricultural pests as it is the ultimate receptor of such materials. This study evaluated the impact of new metal-insecticide, the [Mg(hesp)2(phen)], referred as MgHP, on fish using physiological, genetic, biochemical, and morphological biomarkers. The fish, Prochilodus lineatus, was exposed to 0 (control), 1, 10, 100, 1000μgL-1 MgHP, for 24 and 96h. MgHP was not lethal but caused genotoxicity, altered hematological variables and, the activity of antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes and histology of liver, depending on concentration and time exposure. Hematocrit and erythrocyte number (RBC) increased without change hemoglobin content resulting in changes in hematimetric indexes after 24h; after 96h, only RBC was changed. Erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities and crenate cells increased after 24h but, not after 96h. Erythrocytes and hepatocytes indicated instability in DNA integrity however, the absence of micronuclei suggested DNA damage repairment. After 24h, the antioxidant defense system and the phase II biotransformation enzyme was responsiveness and catalase activity decreased at high MgHP concentrations; the antioxidant response was triggered after 96h. Hepatocyte hypertrophy, intracellular cytoplasmic substances, cytoplasm degeneration, melanomacrophage and hyperemia increased in fish exposed from 10μgL-1 to higher MgHP concentrations; the organ alteration index increased as MgHP concentration increased showing dose-dependence. Most of hematological and genotoxic effects occurred after 24h exposure evidencing potential recover capability of organism by activation of the antioxidant defense system and DNA repairment mechanisms. Nevertheless, the histopathological changes in the liver was maintained over time at high MgHP concentrations, a concentration usually no environmental relevant. In conclusion, this data reinforced the importance of continuing research on MgHP effects in other organisms considering the promising use of such compound to control the leaf-cutter ants and other insects.

Evaluation of Helicobacter pylori Infection, Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet–Lymphocyte Ratio in Dyspeptic Patients

Recent studies have shown a correlation between Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between H. Pylori infection and hematimetric indices in patients with dyspepsia symptoms. Overall, 448 patients who underwent gastroscopy were analyzed retrospectively. Histopathological evaluation of biopsies according to H. pylori presence was classified as H. Pylori positive and negative groups, which are analyzed in relation with hematimetric indices. NLR and PLR measurements did not show a statistically significant difference between H. pylori negative and positive groups (p > 0.05). NLR revealed a negative correlation between hemoglobin (HGB), iron, and ferritin measurements in the correlation analysis of the H. Pylori positive group (r = −0.133, p = 0.031; r = −0.270, p = 0.002; r = −0.162, p = 0.032). Again, with PLR, there was a negative correlation between HGB, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), iron, and ferritin measurements (r = −0.310, p = 0.001, r = −0.187, p = 0.002, r = −0.335, p = 0.001; r = −0.290; p = 0.001). The results of our study do not reveal an association between H. pylori presence and inflammatory response, which is evaluated by NLR and PLR measurements in patients with dyspepsia. However, low serum iron and ferritin values of H. pylori-positive patients suggest the effect of H. pylori on iron metabolism.

Lupus eritematoso sistémico juvenil y compromiso hematológico

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown cause without specificity for a particular organ. Juvenile SLE (jSLE) affects a greater number of organs and systems and presents a more aggressive clinical course than in adults. Hematological alterations could be presented as the only manifestation of SLE, so a detailed and systemic approach should be performed in these patients, once other causes such as infections and neoplasms have been excluded. Objectives: To determine the hematological compromise in patients diagnosed with jSLE in the Pediatric Service of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the National University of Asuncion; over a period of 5 years. Materials and Methods: Retrospective, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Non-probability sampling of consecutive jSLE cases diagnosed or under follow-up from January 2012 to May 2017. Results: Of the 73 patients, 57 women (78%) and 16 (22%) men were found, with an F:M ratio of 3.5:1. Average age at diagnosis was 11.9 years (SD: 3.65, range between 2 and 17 years). Regarding origin, 39 patients (53%) came from the Capital and Central Department and 34 cases (46%) from rural areas. The mean time between onset of symptoms and clinical diagnosis was 2 months (SD 1.27 months). Symptoms at first consultation were: arthralgias in 38 patients (52%), fever in 14 cases (19.2%), cutaneous-mucosal manifestations in 10 patients (13.7%), neurological manifestations in 5 cases (6.8%), edema in 4 patients (5.5%) and constitutional manifestations in 2 patients (2.7%). Hematologic abnormalities were found in 62 patients (85%), with a single series affected in 25 cases (40.3%), bicytopenia in 33 patients (53.2%), and pancytopenia in 4 patients (6.5%). The most frequent alterations were: anemia in 58 patients (79.4%), lymphopenia in 27 cases (36.9%), thrombocytopenia in 21 patients (28.4%) and leukopenia in 17 cases (23.2%). 60% of patients had more than one affected series. On the subject of anemia (n=58), 16 patients (27.6%) had a direct positive Coombs test and 42 patients (72.4%) had a direct negative Coombs test. Concerning hematimetric indices, 40 patients (69%) presented normochromic normocytic anemia and 18 patients (31%) hypochromic microcytic anemia. Conclusion: Hematological alterations were a frequent finding as a initial manifestation of SLE. Most cases had involvement of two series, with non-hemolytic anemia being the predominant finding. Laboratory tests are of great value when evaluating a patient with suspected autoimmune disease, since the results can confirm the diagnosis, estimate the severity of the disease, assess the prognosis and monitor SLE activity.

Fator de condição relativo e hematologia de reprodutores de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887)

Objetivou-se avaliar o fator relativo de condição relativo e os parâmetros hematológicos de machos e fêmeas de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus após o processo de indução hormonal e desova. Foi realizada pesquisa de campo, com medidas quantitativas e qualitativas em que foram avaliados 30 peixes saudáveis, coletados aleatoriamente, sendo 14 fêmeas e 16 machos. Procedeu-se então uma coleta de sangue para análise dos seguintes parâmetros: hematócrito, proteína plasmática total, número de eritrócitos, hemoglobina, índices hematimétricos, volume corpuscular médio (VCM) e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM). Contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos e trombócitos e a glicose plasmática também foram determinadas. O fator de condição foi semelhante para ambos os sexos, com valores próximos a 1. A proteína plasmática total e o número de neutrófilos circulantes foram maiores nas fêmeas (P<0,05). Os demais parâmetros permaneceram inalterados. Essas diferenças constituem uma resposta de adaptação ao manejo. Todos os valores foram próximos aos relatados anteriormente para o pacu, P. mesopotamicus, em condições de higidez no sistema de cultivo intensivo, indicando que processo de indução e desova não causa prejuízos ao bem-estar dos peixes a ponto de desencadear alterações no fator de condição e parâmetros hematológicos.

Effects of whole banana meal inclusion as replacement for corn meal on digestibility, growth performance, haematological and biochemical variables in practical diets for tambaqui juveniles (Colossoma macropomum)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of replacing part of the dietary corn meal (CM) with whole banana meal (WBM) in the practical diet for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Two experiments were performed. The first evaluated WBM digestibility. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) (crude protein, crude energy and dry matter) were measured for 80 fish, allocated to two treatments in quadruplicate for the WBM diet and a reference diet (RD). The second experiment evaluated growth performance and biochemical, enzymatic and haematological variables for replacement of CM by WBM. Tambaquis (n = 200) were fed diets containing different levels of WBM inclusion (0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 %). ADC nutrients were above 90 %. The energy ADC of the WBM diet was higher than the RD (p < 0.05). Based on linear regression, tambaquis that received over 16 % WBM as a replacement for CM decreased their growth performance. An increase of dietary WBM inclusion levels caused hyperglycaemia, increased plasma triglyceride, albumin and hepatic glycogen levels, digestible amylase and alkaline protease activities, and decreased plasma total proteins, cholesterol and hepatic aspartate aminotransferase levels in juveniles. The dietary increase in WBM caused a decrease in haematocrit, haemoglobin and haematimetric indices and an increase in erythrocyte levels. In conclusion, WBM may be a viable alternative to the tambaqui diet, where 8% of CM may be replaced by WBM.

Effects of dietary supplementation with a microalga (Schizochytrium sp.) on the hemato-immunological, and intestinal histological parameters and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia in net cages

Nutritional improvements in intensive aquaculture production systems is necessary for the reduction of stress, maximum utilization of nutritional components, and expression of the genetic potential of fish. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hemato-immunological, and histological parameters and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia fed with the microalga Schizochytrium sp. Males of Nile tilapia were distributed among eight net cages (6 m3), and fed for 105 days with two diets: control (CON), without Schizochytrium sp., and supplemented (SUP), with 1.2% Schizochytrium sp. in the diet. The final weight, mortality, hematocrit, total erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin, hematimetric indices, white blood cell count (WBC), total protein, and serum lysozyme were measured. Alterations in intestinal morphology were evaluated. The gut microbiota was evaluated with next-generation sequencing. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found in the final weight and mortality between diets. Regarding the hematological parameters, a difference (p<0.05) was detected only in RBC, with there being lower values in the SUP, although this group also showed a tendency toward having an increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin level. There were no differences (p>0.05) in total protein and serum lysozyme concentrations or in WBCs between diets, except for lymphocytes, which presented lower values (p<0.05) in the SUP, suggesting immunomodulation by the polyunsaturated fatty acids present in the microalga. There was no difference (p>0.05) in the intestinal morphology between diets. Metagenomic data indicated greater richness (represented by the Chao index) and a higher abundance of the bacterial phylum Firmicutes in the gut microbiota of the tilapia fed with the SUP diet, demonstrating that the digestion and use of the components of the microalga could influence the microbial community. The results indicated that the microalga had modulatory effects on blood cells and the intestinal microbiota, without affecting the structure and integrity of the intestinal villi.

Haematological and oxidative stress responses inPiaractus mesopotamicusunder temperature variations in water

In this study, the influence of temperature variation on the blood and oxidative stress parameters of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus juveniles was evaluated. Fish were subjected to gradual changes of temperature, over 5 days, by 24°C until reaching to experimental temperatures 18, 21, 24 (control), 27 and 30°C. There were significant differences (p < .05) in glucose and lactate of blood in both the haematological relationships and oxidative stress parameters. Glucose levels increased at 30°C and decreased at 21°C. Lactate levels were highest at 18°C. While the haematocrit was higher at all altered temperatures, haemoglobin levels decreased at 21°C and increased at 30°C, causing alterations in haematimetric indices. In the liver, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was reduced at 18°C while antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) was highest at 30°C. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased at 18, 21 and 27°C. In the muscle, ACAP decreased at 27 and 30°C and TBARS increased at 30°C. The results indicate that the species shows sensitivity to temperature variations. Accordingly, we conclude that with short-term temperature variations >3°C, it is possible to induce higher alterations in the observed parameters in pacu juveniles.

Pure Red Cell Aplasia Secondary to Parvovirus B19 Infection in HIV Positive Patients. Clinical and Seroepidemiological Description and Observations in A Third Hospital Level In Colombia

Objective: Describe the clinical and seroepidemiological characteristics and the impact on morbidity and mortality and health costs of patients infected with HIV and red cell aplasia and positive serology for Parvovirus B 19. Methodology: Descriptive and retrospective study, of the clinical and seroepidemiological characteristics of cases of aplasia of the red series without affecting hematimetric indices in HIV positive patients with positive serology to Parvovirus B19, were descripted in an hospitalization service in the period from April 2016 to April 2017. Serum samples from the 16 patients enrolled for the study were analyzed by IgG and IgM type antibodies using the enzyme immunoassay technique. Other causes of anemia, such as: iron-deficiency anemia, invasive fungal infection were ruled out. Results: A total of 16 cases were documented, 11 men (69%) and 5 women (31%) with an average age of 40.7 and 44.4 years respectively, 5 of the 16 patients (31.25%) had positive IgM levels (distributed among 3 men and 2 women) without IgG activity documented in the same sample and 4 of these 5 patients were without treatment for their HIV (80%), none of the patients received regular treatment for HIV. The average in grams per deciliter of hemoglobin and hematocrit at the time of sampling was 8.92 g / dl and 28.6 g / dl respectively, the average of CD4 cell count was 115 for the male population and 187.2 for the female population, the average viral load was 515,483 and 369,390 copies / ml for men and women respectively. No patient received adjuvant treatment directed at the pure red anemia demonstrated. Conclusion: Persistent parvovirus B19 infections in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected patients have been reported. The two viruses could share common target cells. The co-infection by Parvovirus B19 is associated with longer days of hospital stay, costs and complications such as nosocomial infections and need of poly transfusions.

Recirculating system using biological aerated filters on tambaqui fingerling farming

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate a recirculating aquaculture system using biological aerated filters in tanks for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fingerlings farming, with two initial stocking densities (1.4 and 2.5 kg m-3). The biofilters had similar materials (media) and the same granulometric standards, but inverted orders of the media (classic and inverted). The following were monitored for 90 days: water quality; zootechnical, parasitological, and hematological parameters; and hematimetric indices. Water temperature, oxygen levels, pH, electrical conductivity, and dissolved solids concentration were compatible with tambaqui farming and did not differ between the different biofilters and densities. The ammonia and nitrite value was associated with the stocking densities and not with biofilter. The zootechnical and hematological parameters and the hematimetric indices evaluated were not influenced either by the type of biofilter or by the stocking densities. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis, and Mymarothecium boegeri were the parasites found. The aerated, classical, and inverted biological filters have similar efficiency in maintaining water quality parameters for tambaqui fingerling farming.