Pure Red Cell Aplasia Secondary to Parvovirus B19 Infection in HIV Positive Patients. Clinical and Seroepidemiological Description and Observations in A Third Hospital Level In Colombia

Abstract

Objective: Describe the clinical and seroepidemiological characteristics and the impact on morbidity and mortality and health costs of patients infected with HIV and red cell aplasia and positive serology for Parvovirus B 19. Methodology: Descriptive and retrospective study, of the clinical and seroepidemiological characteristics of cases of aplasia of the red series without affecting hematimetric indices in HIV positive patients with positive serology to Parvovirus B19, were descripted in an hospitalization service in the period from April 2016 to April 2017. Serum samples from the 16 patients enrolled for the study were analyzed by IgG and IgM type antibodies using the enzyme immunoassay technique. Other causes of anemia, such as: iron-deficiency anemia, invasive fungal infection were ruled out. Results: A total of 16 cases were documented, 11 men (69%) and 5 women (31%) with an average age of 40.7 and 44.4 years respectively, 5 of the 16 patients (31.25%) had positive IgM levels (distributed among 3 men and 2 women) without IgG activity documented in the same sample and 4 of these 5 patients were without treatment for their HIV (80%), none of the patients received regular treatment for HIV. The average in grams per deciliter of hemoglobin and hematocrit at the time of sampling was 8.92 g / dl and 28.6 g / dl respectively, the average of CD4 cell count was 115 for the male population and 187.2 for the female population, the average viral load was 515,483 and 369,390 copies / ml for men and women respectively. No patient received adjuvant treatment directed at the pure red anemia demonstrated. Conclusion: Persistent parvovirus B19 infections in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected patients have been reported. The two viruses could share common target cells. The co-infection by Parvovirus B19 is associated with longer days of hospital stay, costs and complications such as nosocomial infections and need of poly transfusions.