Heartbeat Measurement Research Articles

Power line enhancement for data monitoring of neural electrical activity in the human body

Distance and real-time data monitoring are the necessary condition that makes any system in good working order. Recent advancements in micro-electronics and wireless technology enable the application of wireless sensors in both industry and wild environments. However, Long-distance wireless communication has several drawbacks like limited bandwidth, considerable costs and unstable connection quality. Therefore, Power Line Communication (PLC) using pre-established Power Lines (PL) becomes more attractive for high data transmission technology. This paper reviews the existing distance data monitoring systems and presents a case study for data transferring of temperature and heart beat measurement. The simulations were carried out on the detected and transmitted signals of medical data using Matlab program. Furthermore, a framework of Intelligent Neural Monitoring System (INMS) is proposed for future works. The performance of PLC as a channel to transfer the patient Heart Rate (HR) is evaluated based on the Bit Error Rate (BER). Key words: Power line communication, electrical signals, data monitoring, lectrocardiogram, electromyogram, neural interfacing.

Note: Human heartbeat measurement on the basis of current generated by electrostatic induction

In this study, we developed an effective nonattached, noncontact technique for measurement of the human heartbeat. This method detects the human heartbeat by measuring the current generated by variations in the capacitance between a given electrode and the human body. An electrode is placed a few centimeters from the subject's chest, and the electrostatic induction current (on the order of picoamperes) flowing through the electrode is then detected. We propose an occurrence model for the electrostatic induction current generated by variations in the electrostatic capacitance generated because of the human heartbeat, with respect to a given measurement electrode. Furthermore, we compared waveforms of the human heartbeat simultaneously obtained by using conventional electrocardiography (ECG) and our proposed electrostatic induction method. The waveform obtained using the proposed method had the same cycle as that obtained using conventional ECG. This confirms that we can detect the human heartbeat under nonattached, noncontact conditions.

606 非接触心電信号計測技術

606 非接触心電信号計測技術

A NOVEL 10 GHZ SUPER-HETERODYNE BIO-RADAR SYSTEM BASED ON A FREQUENCY MULTIPLIER AND PHASE-LOCKED LOOP

This paper presents a novel 10GHz bio-radar system based on a frequency multiplier and phase-locked loop (PLL) for non-contact measurement of heartbeat and respiration rates. In this paper, a 2.5GHz voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with PLL is employed as a frequency synthesizer, and 10GHz continuous wave (CW) signal is generated by using frequency multiplier from 2.5GHz signal. This paper also presents the noise characteristics of the proposed system, and the analysis result shows that the same signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) performance can be achieved with the proposed system based on the frequency multiplier compared with the conventional system with identical carrier frequency. The experimental results shows excellent vital-signal measurement up to 100cm without any additional digital signal processing (DSP), thus proving the validity of the proposed system.

미압 센서를 이용한 심박신호 모니터링 시스템

In this paper, we implemented a heartbeat-signal monitoring system that can measure and check the heartbeat of a human body in any time and anywhere. The implemented prototype is composed of heartbeat measurement terminal, gateway, and server that collect and process data. The terminal compose sensor network using ZigBee protocol. And server acquire heartbeat signal through differentiating collected data two times, and store above data to database and manage it. We can understand the status of examinee`s heart without restriction and self-awareness. Through experiment, we confirmed the possibility of ubiquitous healthcare system based on sonsor network using the ZigBee.

주파수 체배기와 PLL을 이용한 10 GHz 생체 신호 레이더 시스템

본 논문에서는 주파수 체배기와 위상 동기화 회로(Phase-Locked Loop: PLL)를 이용한 주파수 합성기를 이용한 10 GHz 대역에서 동작하는 생체 신호 레이더를 제안하였다. 제안된 10 GHz 대역 생체 레이더는 2.5 GHz 전압 제어 발진기와 PLL을 이용하여 발생된 위상 잡음 특성이 매우 뛰어나고 안정적인 정현 신호를 이용하여 뛰어난 생체 신호 검출 성능을 보인다. 또한 10 GHz 대역에서 PLL을 구현하기 어려운 점을 해결하기 위하여 2.5 GHz 대역에서 PLL을 이용하여 발생된 신호를 주파수 체배기를 이용하여 10 GHz 대역 신호를 발생시키는 방법을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 구조의 생체 레이더의 잡음 특성을 이론적으로 분석하여 제안된 구조의 타당성을 검증하였다. 실험 결과 100 cm까지 매우 우수한 생체 신호 검출이 가능하였으며, 이로서 제안된 구조의 10 GHz 대역의 생체 레이더의 타당성을 확인하였다. This paper presents a novel 10 GHz bio-radar system based on a frequency multiplier and phase-locked loop(PLL) for non-contact measurement of heartbeat and respiration rates. In this paper, a 2.5 GHz voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with PLL is employed to as a frequency synthesizer, and 10 GHz continuous wave(CW) signal is generated by using frequency multiplier from 2.5 GHz signal. This paper also presents the noise characteristic of the proposed system. As a result, a better performance and economical frequency synthesizer can be achieved with the proposed bio-radar system. The experimental results shows excellent bio-signal measurement up to 100 cm without any additional digital signal processing(DSP), and the proposed system is validated.

Ubiquitous Health Monitoring at Home – Sensing of Human Biosignals on Flooring, on Tatami Mat, in the Bathtub, and in the Lavatory

In the graying society, it is important to monitor health-related biosignal with sensors in the living environment for the sake of emergency response and long-term health management. In order to use biosignal data monitoring systems daily at home, noninvasive monitoring and system maintenance are crucial. We propose a method of estimating the sleep stages of sleeping subjects through noninvasive measurement of heartbeat and respiration using a pneumatic method and an air mattress. However, the method incurs maintenance for periodically refilling the air of the mattress. In this paper, another pneumatic method, which uses an air tube made of the silicon rubber instead of the air mattress, is proposed. The change in S/N ratio in heartbeat and respiration signals, under greater background noise, are compared for the following: in a room with wooden flooring; in a room with tatami mats; in a bathtub; and in a lavatory. The results show that both the heartbeat and respiration can be measured with the S/N ratio of around 30 dB, and the signal of each heartbeat can also be confirmed provided the maximum background noise in the room with wooden flooring, in the room with tatami mats, in the bathtub, and in the lavatory are 0.1 m/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ,0.9 m/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , 100 mI/s, and 0.1 m/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively.

1A2-K10 心拍同期機能を有する手術ロボットの制御系設計と性能評価

We have developed the surgical robot system with heart-beat canceller for coronary artery bypass grafting. This robot system accomplishes the compensation by synchronized with heart-beat. But the ability of synchronization is not enough because of transfer element backlash. Therefore the purpose of the research is a design and evaluation of the control system for synchronization at high speed. We designed the control system using P-D controller and evaluated frequency response and then we did synchronization experiment. In the result the synchronization was not achieved because the error of heart-beat measurement was large. So we need to reduce this error in the future.

Measurement of human heartbeat and respiration signals using phase detection radar

This article introduces a low-cost phase detection radar aimed at measuring the human heartbeat and respiration signals without any physical connections to the human body. A continuous-wave radar targeting the chest will detect the phase difference, resulted by the time-varying target position of the heartbeat, between the transmitted signal and the reflected signal. We have tested the developed radar to measure the heartbeat and respiration signals at a distance of about 40 cm from the chest.

물벼룩의 심장박동을 이용한 독성실험

The water flea has been used as a test organism of toxicity test for surface water. Toxicity test with water flea is categorized into two parts. One is acute toxicity test with observing immobility and mortality and the other is chronic toxicity test determined by survival and reproduction of water flea. Heartbeat measurement of water flea was designed as a short-term toxicity test in this study. Direct measurement of heartbeat under microscope by aid of video camera gives and early diagnosis of mortality in short time. Therefore, the effects of measuring illumination, measuring time, and non-feeding during the test on heartbeat of water flea was evaluated to establish a new test approach. Test organisms used in this study are Daphnia magna, a well standardizes toxicity test organism, and Simocephalus mixtus, a newly refined organism values of these test organism by heartbeat measurement were compared and discussed. It was found that toxicity test by heartbeat measurement was a reproducible, easy and simple method accomplished in a few hours.

Multi-frequency sensor for remote measurement of breath and heartbeat

Abstract. Remote measurement of breath and heartbeat is desirable in many situations. It avoids the discomfort resulting from electrodes applied on the skin for long-term patients or during sports acvtivities. Also, surveillance of high security areas or finding survivors of disasters are interesting applications. Common methods identify the movement of heart and thorax by using the range resolution provided by UWB pulse radar systems. In this paper a low-cost approach is presented, that is based on detection of movement by means of Doppler radar sensors. Combining three sensors working in the ISM bands at 433 MHz, 2.4 GHz and 24 GHz, the presence of persons was reliably detected and the frequency of breath and heartbeat was measured.

Noninvasive Measurement of Heartbeat, Respiration, Snoring and Body Movements of a Subject in Bed via a Pneumatic Method

We have developed a noninvasive pneumatics-based system by which to measure heartbeat, respiration, snoring, and body movements of a subject in bed. A thin, air-sealed cushion is placed under the bed mattress of the subject and the small movements attributable to human automatic vital functions are measured as changes in pressure using a pressure sensor having an almost flat frequency response from 0.1 to 5 kHz and a sensitivity of 56 mV/Pa. Using the newly developed system, heartbeat, respiration, apnea, snoring and body movements are clearly measured. In addition, the optimal signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio by which to evaluate the reliability of the heart rate measurement is presented. Heart rates were measured for four different body postures, 13 different subjects, four different bed mattresses, and three different sensor positions. For these measurements, the S/N ratios ranged from 15.9 to 23.5 dB, and so were determined to be reliable.

Factors associated with the utilization and content of prenatal care in a western urban district of Turkey

To define the prenatal care utilization pattern in Bornova and determine the factors affecting the amount and content of prenatal care. Follow-up study. Bornova is an urban district in western Turkey. Two hundred and forty-five pregnant women registered with primary care settings in Bornova during the year 2000. Response rate was 83.7%. Main outcome measure. We determined the amount of prenatal care using Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index. Criteria used to assess the content of services include number of checks for maternal weight gain, blood pressure and foetal heart-beat measurements, advice about healthy lifestyles, laboratory examinations, and tetanus immunization. Rates of the women who visited public primary health care settings, private care sources, and public hospitals at least once were 76.0, 57.1, and 54.6%, respectively. As to prenatal care, 64.9% of the participants received an adequate amount and 25.9% an adequate content. Parity (P = 0.00), insurance coverage (P = 0.00), abortion history (P = 0.03), husband's occupation (P = 0.00), maternal age (P = 0.04), and level of educational attainment (P = 0.03) were related to the amount of care. Employment status (P = 0.03), continuous use of private sources (P = 0.00) and public hospitals (P =0.01) were associated with the content. This study has highlighted considerable associations between the amount of prenatal care and individual features in addition to those among the content of care, individual features and type of care sources. Causes of variations in prenatal care delivered in urban and relatively wealthy populations of developing countries must be explored using the appropriate criteria.

Unconstrained and Noninvasive Measurement of Heartbeat and Respiration Using an Acoustic Sensor Enclosed in an Air Pillow

Unconstrained and Noninvasive Measurement of Heartbeat and Respiration Using an Acoustic Sensor Enclosed in an Air Pillow

Measurement of Respiration, Heart Beat and Body Movement on a Bed Using Dynamic Air-Pressure Sensor

In this study, the possibility of the measurement of respiration, heart beat, and body movement on a bed was examined using the dynamic air-pressure sensor aiming at a daily health monitoring. The dynamic air-pressure sensor measures vital information using a change of air pressure. Twelve healthy volunteers participated in this study. The dynamic air-pressure sensor was installed under the bed mat and respiration and heart beat information were measured. This information was compared with the standard waveforms obtained from respiratory belt transducer and the electrocardiograph. As a result, both waveforms demonstrate a high correlation, and confirmed the validity of this method. A change of waveform and a quantitative evaluation of respiration, heart beat, and body movement measured from during sleep using this sensor can be useful for a daily health monitoring.

エアー枕封入音響センサによる心拍・呼吸の無拘束無侵襲計測

エアー枕封入音響センサによる心拍・呼吸の無拘束無侵襲計測

Unconstrained and non-invasive measurement of heart-beat and respiration periods using a phonocardiographic sensor.

With the rapid growth in the number of elderly people in the population, interest in health monitoring is increasing. Therefore the development of an unconstrained and non-invasive vital signs measurement system could be important for monitoring health status at home or in hospitals or nursing facilities. A simple system is proposed for measuring heart-beat and respiration periods for home healthcare. This was achieved with a phonocardiographic (PCG) sensor set on a water-mat or air-mat. The PCG sensor was an acceleration sensor that extracted the vibration of the mat caused by heart-beat and respiration. By calculating an autocorrelation function of the fully rectified sensor output or by local pattern matching between the rectified output and a reference signal (pre-memorised for each subject), the system measured the average and instantaneous periods of both heart-beat and respiration. Results showed that these periods were measured to a similar level of accuracy as for the electrocardiogram and thermistor respiration pickup. The comparative accuracies were within the following ranges: average heartbeat 0.19% to 0.67%, instantaneous heartbeat 0.53% to 1.15%, average respiration 0.51% to 2.17%, and instantaneous respiration 2.51% to 5.20%.

8B14 心音センサを用いた心拍および呼吸の無拘束計測 : 関数解析的手法による計測

8B14 心音センサを用いた心拍および呼吸の無拘束計測 : 関数解析的手法による計測

Early-fetal-heartbeat-detection device and method

A Doppler fetal heartbeat measurement device and method of use for reliable, convenient and inexpensive detection of fetal heartbeat and measurement of its rate from seven to twelve weeks gestation. The device is a conventional, inexpensive Doppler base unit having an intravaginal probe. Use of the present invention eliminates the need for the expensive procedure of transvaginal ultrasonic imaging for early detection of fetal heartbeat in the event of complications (e.g. cramping, spotting, pain) or the observation of a uterine size that does not correlate to the date of the last menstrual period.

心音センサを用いた歩行時の心拍無拘束無侵襲計測

心音センサを用いた歩行時の心拍無拘束無侵襲計測