Healthy Sport Research Articles

The Luminance Estimation of Basketball Halls Using Machine Learning Methods

Kapalı spor salonları yapay aydınlatmaya ihtiyaç duyulan ve sağlıklı spor yapılabilmesi için aydınlatmanın kontrol altında tutulması gereken alanlardandır. Oyuncu performansları ve sağlıkları korumak için; TV’de maç izleyen seyircilerin görüş yeteneği ve konforu için önemlidir. Aydınlatma yapım aşamasından başlayarak planlı bir şekilde bakımları ve kontrolleri yapılmalıdır. Kapalı spor salonlarında noktasal ölçü aletleriyle yapılan ölçümler uzun zaman almaktadır. Bu çalışmada bu soruna çözüm bulmak için makine öğrenme teknikleri kullanılarak kapalı spor salonunun parıltı ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Veri setini oluşturmak için spor salonunda standartlarda olduğu gibi 91 tane referans noktası belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen bu noktaların parıltısı ölçülmüş ve çekilen fotoğrafı üzerinden bu noktaların piksel değerleri (R,G,B) hesaplanmıştır. 91 veri seti rastgele olarak %70 eğitim verisi, %30 test verisi olarak ayrılmıştır. Çalışmada makine öğrenme yöntemi olarak Olasılıksal Sinir Ağı (PNN) ve Destek Vektör Makinesi (SVM) teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Tekniklerin başarısını ölçmek için Ortalama Hata Karesi (MSE), Kök Ortalama Kare Hatası (RMSE), korelasyon katsayısı ve doğruluk oranı yöntemleri kullanılmıştır.

Physical Fitness and Bone Health in Young Athletes and Nonathletes.

Physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) are crucial for bone health. However, children participating in competitive sports with high PA are at a greater risk of fracture from trauma or overuse. Given the importance of bone development during adolescence, associations between commonly used physical fitness tests with distal third radius (R-SoS) and midshaft tibia (T-SoS) speed of sound by quantitative ultrasound were assessed in adolescent athletes and nonathletes. The relationship between physical fitness tests and R-SoS and T-SoS will differ depending on sex and athletic status. Cross-sectional study. Level 3. Physical fitness of 285 boys (156 athletes) and 311 girls (74 athletes) aged 10 to 18 years was assessed through strength, speed, agility, and cardiorespiratory tests. Linear regression was used to assess the associations of physical fitness tests with R-SoS and T-SoS. For boys, favorable associations were observed between physical fitness tests with R-SoS in athletes and T-SoS in both athletes and nonathletes (P < 0.05). For nonathlete girls, favorable associations were found for handgrip (R-SoS and T-SoS, both P < 0.05), whereas the progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run, vertical jump, speed at 20 m and 40 m were only favorably associated with T-SoS. For athlete girls, the association between handgrip (P = 0.03), vertical jump, and 4 × 10 m shuttle run (P < 0.05) with T-SoS was significantly related to a bone outcome. The handgrip test and vertical jump were associated with T-SoS in boys and girls independent of sport status. These results suggest that physical fitness is associated with bone health in adolescents, particularly boys, and that the relationship between physical fitness and bone may differ depending on sex and athletic status. Physical fitness tests are simple, easy-to-use tools for monitoring bone health and should be used by sport and health professsionals to promote healthy sport participation and prevent bone injuries.

Sağlıklı Beslenme Takıntısının Sosyolojik Bağlantıları

By taking the freedom of thinking and knowing of those who have completely surrendered to the symbols imposed by consumer culture, the perfect bodies that they idealize, and the super-foods that they classify, individuals have been left vulnerable. This study aims to reveal in which way healthy life practices affect individuals who develop a healthy obsession with nutrition (orthorectic) and the social consequences of the perception that these individuals possess based on the fact that a strong society should consist of both mentally and physically healthy individuals. These individuals who transform healthy living into obsessions under the titles of healthy eating and sports are constructing new identities through their bodies with the concerns of being admired, accepted, and approved in society under the guidance of consumption culture. At the same time, individuals who move away from the soil and food production processes become alienated from their bodies and the food that transforms their bodies and get sociological diseases.

ОТНОШЕНИЕ БЕЛГОРОДСКИХ СТУДЕНТОВ К ЗДОРОВОМУ ОБРАЗУ ЖИЗНИ И СПОРТУ

In recent years, in Russia as a whole and in the Belgorod region in particular, a healthy lifestyle (hereinafter - HLS) is gaining more and more popularity, and the attitude of young people towards it is changing depending on many factors - environment, material well-being, health and opportunities. The popularization of sports in the country and in regional educational institutions also has a great influence. The attitude of students of Belgorod universities and colleges towards healthy lifestyle and sports is becoming more serious: this can be seen from the increasing statistics of young people attending sports sections. In social networks, the number of groups and social advertisements devoted to healthy lifestyles, proper nutrition and sports is also growing. Propaganda of this direction began relatively recently, but today has become widespread among Belgorod residents. In addition, young people often jog on the streets of the city, or practice outdoors in open access sports grounds. In view of the prolongation of the pandemic in May 2020, such physical education activities in the fresh air gained mass and excitement. All of the above suggests that the attitude of young people to maintaining health, physical activity and spiritual peace is at a fairly high level. Today's youth is trying to take seriously the topic of health-saving technologies. In this article, the author reveals the concept of healthy lifestyles, explores the criteria for inclusion in a healthy lifestyle of Belgorod students, then analyzes the answers received through the survey and presents them in the form of diagrams.

Compensation of stochastic time-continuous perturbations during walking in healthy young adults: An analysis of the structure of gait variability

BackgroundDuring everyday locomotion, we cope with various internal or external perturbations (e.g. uneven surface). Uncertainty exists on how unpredictable external perturbations increase noise within the motor system and if they are compensated by employing covariation of the limb joints or rather due to decreased sensitivity of an altered posture. Research questionDo continuous stochastic perturbations affect the structure of gait variability in young and healthy adults? MethodsIn a cross-over study, gait kinematics of 21 healthy young sports students were registered during treadmill walking with and without continuous stochastic perturbations. Using the TNC method, the following aspects were analyzed: (a) the sensitivity of body posture to perturbations (‘tolerance’) decreasing gait variability, (b) the unstructured motor ‘noise’ increasing gait variability and (c) the amount of ‘covariation’ of the limb joints. ResultsCompared to normal walking, gait variability was significantly increased (p < .001) during walking with perturbations. The negative effect of noise was partly compensated by improved ‘covariation’ of leg joints (p < .001). The aspect ‘tolerance’ had a small effect on increasing gait variability during stance phase (p < .001) and decreasing gait variability during swing phase (p < .001). SignificanceIncreased motor noise due to external perturbations is partly compensated by improved covariation of the limb joints. However, the effect of an altered posture slightly affects gait variability. Further studies should focus on different populations (e.g. older participants) to see if they use the same mechanism (improved covariation) to compensate for stochastic perturbations.

Work Environment and Worksite Health Promotion in Nine European Countries.

To study to what extent the work environment influences the use of worksite health promotion (WHP). Data came from the European Sustainable Workforce survey, with data from employees and managers in 259 organizations. We analyze use of three types of WHP (healthy menus, sports facilities, and health checks) using multilevel logistic models. Employees are more likely to use each type of WHP when a larger share of their direct colleagues do so. Use of healthy menus is more likely among employees who work more hours, have more autonomy, and work in organizations with less work-oriented culture. Autonomy is also associated with more use of sports facilities, while work-oriented culture is negatively related to use of health checks. Our results suggest the work environment should be included when studying WHP use.

BASIS OF STATE POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN IN THE FIELD OF DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS

Today in Uzbekistan, as in all spheres, great attention is paid to the development of physical culture and sports. Of great importance in these processes is the involvement of youth and women in a healthy lifestyle and mass sports. It was these factors that served as the objects of research of the scientific article

GENERAL-SOCIAL PREVENTION OF ALLEGED MISCELLANEOUS MESSAGES ON THREATS TO CITIZENS’ SAFETY, DESTRUCTION, OR DAMAGE TO OBJECTS

The article looks at the main groups of measures to prevent deliberately false messages about threats to citizens’ security, destruction or damage to property at the social level. Social prevention includes a system of economic, political, legal, cultural and educational measures aimed at overcoming crisis processes in society, in particular, such as unemployment, social inequality, political tension, legal nihilism, moral decline and the spiritual crisis. The implementation of such measures also influences the factors that cause crime, which can reduce the level of the latter. It is emphasized that general social prevention has an important criminological aspect, because it is the foundation, the basis of special criminological prevention. Socio-economic measures to prevent deliberately misrepresenting threats to the safety of citizens, destroying or damaging property are analyzed. It is emphasized that these measures occupy one of the central places in the system of preventive activity of the general social level. It is stated that, according to the constitutional approach, socially oriented policy is a part of internal state policy. It is summarized that practically all socio-economic transformations of our society at the present stage belong to all-social crime prevention measures. The general social level of crime prevention is largely determined by the state of the state’s economy, political situation, and the level of material state of the population. Among the socio-political measures are highlighted overcoming the political crisis, resolving the military conflict, overcoming corruption in public authorities. The most important cultural and educational activities are the organization of leisure, educational work, promotion of healthy lifestyles and sports. As a conclusion, it is stated that socially oriented and economically justified state policy by itself contains a set of general social measures for prevention of crimes, including – deliberately false reports about threat to the safety of citizens, destruction or damage to property objects.

A healthy sports club initiative in action in Ireland

Objective: The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) is part of the cultural fabric of Irish society with a club in almost every community nationwide. The aim of this project was to carry out a pilot evaluation of the GAA Healthy Club Project (HCP), which is a unique effort by a national governing body to include health as part of the core business of the organisation at grass roots level. Design: A pre–post intervention group only design was used across 18 clubs recruited to a pilot phase of the project. Setting: GAA grassroots sports clubs across Ireland. Methods: Twelve Healthy Club Officers completed a self-evaluation survey of their club at two time points to indicate the health promotion orientation of their club and the extent of health promotion activity in the club. Results: Data showed improvements in the health promotion orientation of clubs, from moderate to high health promoting overall and particular increases in policy and practice scores. This is likely due to the widespread appointment of Healthy Club Officers and the delivery of health-related initiatives in clubs. Conclusion: The impact of the project, while not demonstrable as an intervention effect at this stage, was real for the clubs involved. The GAA HCP is a novel way of carrying out health promotion in Ireland, serving as a meeting point between the ‘push of health’ and ‘pull of the sports club’.

Worksite health promotion and social inequalities in health.

It is well-documented that higher educated employees have better health than the lower educated. The workplace has been put forward as a contributor to this inequality. We extend previous work on workplace characteristics that could influence employee health by asking to what extent workplace health promotion (WHP) can account for the relation between education and health. Two ways in which WHP may relate to health inequalities are addressed: higher educated employees may be more likely to use WHP than lower educated employees and the effect of WHP on health may be stronger for higher educated than for lower educated employees. Using data from the European Sustainable Workforce Survey which contains information on over 11000 employees in 259 organisations, we test whether three types of WHP mediate or moderate the relation between education and health: healthy menus, sports facilities and health checks. We find that higher educated employees are in better health and that use of WHP positively relates to health. Use of healthy menus and sports facilities in the workplace can contribute to increasing health inequalities, as lower educated employees are less likely to make use of these. Health checks could contribute to diminishing health inequalities, as lower educated employees are more likely to use them compared to higher educated employees. The effect of WHP is not contingent on education. We advise stimulating lower educated employees to make more use of WHP, which can contribute to decreasing health inequalities.

Coaches and parents hold contrasting perceptions of optimal youth development activities in track and field athletics

This study examined track and field coaches’ and parents’ knowledge of (a) the relationship between adolescent and later success, (b) factors contributing to adolescent success, particularly in relation to relative age effects, and (c) optimal athlete development practices, such as the timing of sport specialisation. Fifty-two coaches and 116 parents completed a survey comprising both closed and open questions. Compared to coaches, parents were more likely to believe that successful adults had achieved success during early adolescence and to connect that success to innate ability rather than relative development. However, there was no difference in the proportion of parents and coaches who reported familiarity with the relative age effect (approximately 50%). The most pronounced differences between coaches and players were in relation to optimal youth development practices, with parents more likely to encourage year-round training at an earlier age, and specialising in a single sport at an earlier age. Contrasting the knowledge reported by coaches and parents with the results of quantitative studies of youth development suggests that bespoke education is required for both groups. Furthermore, the explanations provided by parents and coaches for their beliefs about youth sport practices suggest that professional bodies need to provide more nuanced instruction to stakeholders on how to implement general guidelines on healthy youth sport practices into their individual practice.

Investigation of the Functional Performance Properties and Antimicrobial Behavior of Sports Socks Knitted from Eco-Friendly Materials

The material components of the sports sock provide; impact protection, injury avoidance, anti-frictional, absorption and antibacterial properties. The quality of socks can vary depending on many factors. These can be summarized as the type andproperties of the used yarns, knitting conditions and machine properties, finishing method and the used finishing materials andthe form giving operation applied on socks. With the growing demand for more com-fortable, healthier and environmentallyfriendly products, efforts in research and development in the textile industry have focused on the utilization of renewable andbiodegradable resources. This study comprised an experimental investigation to determine the functional performance properties and anti-microbial behavior of socks manufactured using not only traditional cotton or polyester yarns but also yarns made of new kinds of eco-friendly fibers like bamboo. This paper studies the influence of different sports socks compositions on the functional performance properties and anti-microbial behavior of knitted fabrics made of two types of structures ( Rib- Jersey)knitted from elstane yarns with eco- friendly fibers effect. The results demonstrated that all tested properties influenced by bothmaterial and knitted structure parameters. These findings are an important tool in the design of healthy comfortable sports socks.

在健康中国、体育强国战略视域下对学校体育的发展探究

在健康中国、体育强国战略视域下对学校体育的发展探究

Health prevention in youth sports: innovative and interdisciplinary experiences at the Lausanne 2020 Youth Olympic Games

The Youth Olympic Games were introduced in 2010 with the aim to bring young athletes not only an experience of competition on the world stage, but also to help them learn about the Olympic values, explore other cultures and develop the skills to become true ambassadors. The Lausanne 2020 Games provided an excellent opportunity to develop innovative concepts for health promotion and sports-related prevention. The enthusiasm across various sectors of society (political, academic and economy) empowered us to bring together multiple skills to materialize the IOC’s pledge. We developed communication concept around key sports-related issues targeting the competitors and population of our region. We set up pavilions hosting the various modules in Lausanne, at the Olympic Villages (Lausanne Vortex and St. Moritz), where the modules could be tested and videos were presented. Deep Impact is a virtual reality immersion into concussion, And You …? explores the perceptions of sports-related abuse through five excerpts of blockbuster movies. The Safety Clips for youth athletes introduce ten typical adolescent sports medicine topics in a youth-friendly format. Youth and elite (role model) athletes delivered the messages rather than professionals, whilst the content was true to current scientific knowledge. Three key elements emerged. 1. The power of interdisciplinarity and innovation to promote healthy sports. 2. Adolescence is the best time to sensitize athletes and their entourage. 3. The need for strong institutional and political support to develop health prevention in sport. We look forward to building on these positive experiences and bring prevention and health in sports forward.

스포츠 스폰서 계약시 도핑 관련 신의성실의 원칙 조항의 필요성에 관한 연구

With regard to doping, which is a problem in sports recently, sports sponsor companies should pay close attention to the doping problem of sponsors as a part of risk management strategy. This is because the relationship between the sponsor company and the sponsor is a legal relationship, a contract. However, in Korea, due to the peculiarity of the sports sector, the rights of sponsor companies based on the contract are not properly protected. In order to devise the plan, it was concluded that the provision of the principle of faithfulness in the contract could be one of the measures. The results of this study are summarized as follows.BR First, doping basically uses medicines that can be used for treatment and research, and how to use them for the purpose of participating in competitions and strengthening temporary physical ability.BR Second, sports sponsor companies judicially have the right to claim by tort under article 750 of Korean Civil Law. In public law, criminal offenses based on the Pharmacological, Medical and Health Crimes Enforcement Laws can be identified for the existence of judicial claims based on these.BR Third, the provision of a new rule of observance is an expression of a willingness to exercise a very active claim, indirectly eradicating the misuse of dope drugs and methods, and moreover, in the form of sports sponsorship agreements for athletes. It can also lead to the formation of paths that can be created.BR Based on this research, we hope to contribute to the creation of a more healthy, objective and responsible sports industry with regard to sports sponsorship agreements.

Effects of a heat and moisture exchanger on respiratory function and symptoms post-cold air exercise.

PurposeExercise at temperatures below −15°C induces drying and cooling of lung airways which causes exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and respiratory symptoms, especially in winter sport athletes. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) worn during intense cold air exercise improves lung function and reduces respiratory symptoms in healthy winter sport athletes.MethodsSeven active males and six active females (maximum oxygen uptake 61.9 ± 6.9 and 52.2 ± 5.3 mL/kg/min), all active or former winter sport athletes, completed running trials with and without HME in random order on 2 days in an environmental chamber (−20°C temperature, humidity 46.2%). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow at 25%‐75% (FEF25%‐75%), and FEF at 50% (FEF50%) were measured pre‐ and post‐exercise (3, 6, 10, 15, and 20 minutes). Respiratory symptoms were reported after exercise.ResultsSignificant interaction effects were observed for FEV1 and FEF25%‐75%. Mean decrease of FVC (−5.9%, P ≤ .001) and FEV1 (−4.2%, P = .003) was largest 3 minutes post‐exercise without HME. There was an increase of FEV1, FEF25%‐75%, and FEF50% post‐exercise compared to pre‐exercise with HME. More respiratory symptoms overall were reported without HME (P = .046).ConclusionIntense cold air exercise likely causes transient acute bronchoconstriction and symptoms of cough in individuals participating in winter sports. However, this study finds that the application of an HME during intense cold air exercise improves lung function and reduces prevalence of EIB‐associated symptoms compared to unprotected intense cold air exercise.

“The Project Changed My Life”: Sport Education’s Transformative Potential on Student Physical Literacy

ABSTRACTPurpose: This longitudinal study provided a retrospective examination of the impact of student participation in a year-long Sport Education curricular experience on physical literacy development. A focus was placed on students’ reported motivation, attitudes and disposition to participate in physical education (PE) and sport, and their re-actualizations of a healthy sport culture in the years following the Sport Education experience. Methods: Three years following the Sport Education experience, a cohort of 24 tenth-grade students (nine girls and 15 boys) were traced back and invited to share their recollected memories and accounts of their PE experience and subsequent attributes of physical literacy. The data collection protocol included augmented memory retrieval techniques and a retrospective survey, which informed semi-structured individual and focus groups interviews. A thematic analysis of data was performed and trustworthiness criteria included data triangulation, crosschecking, and collaborative interpretational analysis. Results: Prolonged participation in a year-long Sport Education curriculum promoted a transformation in students’ physical literacy dispositions, both within and outside the school context. Physical literacy attributes included empathetic attitudes toward others, resilience against discriminatory learning activities and a commitment of the participants to actively pursue equitable and meaningful participation in PE and sport. Embodied interpersonal, managerial, and peer-teaching skills sustained the participants’ sport culture activism against impoverished instructional practices in PE. Conclusions: Prolonged participation in Sport Education, and consequential development of enthusiasm, competency, and literacy can positively contribute to individuals’ lifelong physical literacy journey.

Design and Practice of Paragliding Course in Physical Education Teaching of Chinese Universities

The teaching of physical education curriculum is an important task to train sports talents and promote comprehensive and healthy sports. In this paper, under the situation that paragliding is gradually becoming popular, the training of paragliding professional athletes is chosen as the research theme. By means of questionnaires, expert interviews and data acquisition, the necessity and feasibility of offering paragliding courses in colleges and universities are analyzed. Taking the gliding course of China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) as an example, this paper makes a systematic analysis from the aspects of curriculum design, faculty building, teaching methods and personnel training effect. The results show that the gliding course offered by China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) has made a useful exploration, trained excellent talents and accumulated rich experience. It has academic significance, practical value and reproducibility, and plays an important role in promoting the development of sports in China.

The “Y” Goes to India: Springfield College, Muscular Missionaries, and the Transnational Circulation of Physical Culture Practices

Abstract Springfield College was at the forefront of the American YMCA’s early drive to train and send physical educators overseas as international secretaries to impart the YMCA’s brand of Muscular Christianity through healthy sport and exercise. When American evangelist Harry Crowe Buck arrived to direct the YMCA School of Physical Education in Madras in 1920, however, he felt compelled to address competing “systems” of physical education being exploited and urged in India. Promising to offer the best physical exercises of West and East, Buck adopted indigenous practices, including yoga-ãsanas, as integral parts of the YMCA’s program, even while acknowledging they fit somewhat ambiguously into the discourse of Muscular Christianity. This paper follows the efforts of Buck to sustain the focus of his training while accommodating colonial struggles and nationalism in India and facilitating transnational exchanges of physical cultures between colonial India and America through the circuitry of the “Y.”

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПОКАЗНИКІВ СФОРМОВАНОСТІ ГОТОВНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ СУДНОВОДІЇВ ДО ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The article describes the characteristics of indicators of the criteria for the formation of readiness of future navigators for professional activities. It has been found out that the readiness of future navigators for professional activity can be determined by means of need-to-motivational, value-based, cognitive, professional-personal and practical criteria. The readiness of future navigators for professional activity can be formed at four levels: zero (critical), first (reproductive), second (productive) and third (creative). To solve the scientific problem of determining the indicators of each of the criteria for the formation of readiness of future navigators to professional activity, an expert survey method has been used. The article presents the indicators of each of the identified criteria. The indicators of the formation of the value sphere of future navigators are the idea of social and public importance of the profession, the attitude to a healthy lifestyle and sports, the attitude to other cultures and peoples etc. The indicators of the cognitive criterion are the knowledge of legal acts regarding the safety of human life at sea, of navigation and technical condition of ships, of the organization of service on the ship and the protection of the marine environment; the knowledge of the operation principles of modern electronic radar facilities and the like. The indicators of the practical criterion are the ability to maneuver and control the vessel in any conditions using appropriate positioning methods, the ability to plan voyages and to navigate in any conditions using appropriate plotting aid for sea and ocean routes and other methods. The indicators of professional and personal criterion are the ability to work in a team; goodwill, tactfulness; clarity and expressiveness of speech, sociability; emotional stability, self-control, endurance and others. To obtain quantitative data on the indicators of the criteria for the formation of readiness of future navigators for professional activities, it is advisable to use the results of written and oral questionnaire assessment, tests, written solutions to situational tasks, control and practical work, methods of psychological diagnosis and psychological tests.