Healthy Society Research Articles

새로운 정신의학의 꿈

After World War II, psychiatry eagerly wanted to reform the discipline and develop its systematic structure. Among many who tried to establish a new structure of discipline, there is William C. Menninger who ranked the highest level, Brigadier General, during WWII. Delving into the career of William C. Menninger and his scholarly works, this paper strives to capture his quest for rebuilding psychiatry by adopting the theory of psychoanalysis into psychiatry. As a psychiatrist, who had both military and non-military experiences of medicine, and who had been trained as a psychoanalyst himself, Menninger tried to effectively organize psychiatry, so that the discipline could become the spearhead to build a healthy and sane American society.
 However, the reality that psychiatry had faced during the war was not promising in that sense. At the turn of the century, the discipline had been immersed itself into either state hospitals or individual clinics. These limited experiences could not be utilized for unprecedented large-scale warfare. Menninger, with his experiences during the war, figured out the differences between the goal of military psychiatry and civilian psychiatry. Especially, while the war had been close to the end, there was urgent need to make psychiatry fit in the post-war environment. Menninger believed that it should be psychiatry that could manage this drastic environmental changes by appropriating the psychodynamic theory from psychoanalysis.

Analysis of coliform bacteria contamination in drinking water refill in Ambon City

In recent years, refillable drinking water businesses have grown rapidly in several cities in Indonesia, including Ambon City. On the one hand, Refillable Drinking Water Depots (DAMIU) support efforts to realize a healthy society by expanding the reach of clean water consumption, On the other hand, DAMIU tend to be problematic when faced with business interests. Feces contain coliform bacteria which is an indicator of water contamination. This study aims to determine the presence of coliform bacteria in Ambon City. The samples used in the study came from three sub-districts of refill drinking water depot sources, namely the Teluk Dalam sub-district, Nusaniwe sub-district, and Baguala sub-district. Microbiological testing of refill drinking water using MPN (most probable number) method. The MPN test results showed that three refill drinking water samples were not contaminated with coliform bacteria because there was no turbidity or gas formation in the Durham tube for gas-forming bacteria. This indicates that the three refill drinking water samples tested microbiologically have good quality and are safe for consumption, because in 100 ml of water no coliform bacteria were found in accordance with Permenkes No. 492/Menkes/Per/IX/2010 regulations on the requirements and supervision of water quality, which states that the microbiological requirements for drinking water are MPN Coliform /100 ml sample = 0. There are no coliform bacteria in the refillable drinking water depot in Ambon City so the water is suitable for consumption

PROVIDING SOCIAL SERVICES FOR TRAUMATIZED CHILDREN DURING THE WAR: EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE AND SWEDEN

The problem of children’s mental health is of special interest to scientists in view of its importance for the formation of a future healthy society. This issue becomes especially relevant in emergency situations, such as war, when the number of stressors and their impact is difficult to predict. This article has examined the experience as well as approaches of social services in Ukraine and Sweden in providing support to traumatized children during wartime. There have been outlined three phases in terms of working with traumatized children, i.e. identification, treatment, and prevention. The study has investigated and compared the practices of social workers in contrasted countries within these phases defined. The study presented is a collaborative effort between Sweden and Ukraine, investigating the support provided to war-traumatized children by social services. The research has been based on an inductive approach. The interviews conducted with social workers, psychologists, school counselors, and representatives of relevant organizations are at the core of this paper. The experts’ opinions on the topic mentioned have been reviewed. Moreover, the similarities and differences in providing social support in compared countries have been highlighted. The main factors influencing the approaches to the work of social workers with traumatized children of the compared countries have been determined. The approaches to working with parents in terms of supporting war-traumatized children in contrasted countries have been considered. Various problems related to providing social and psychological support to traumatized children such as resources and the capacity of the social support system have been reviewed. The impact of other factors on the occurrence of psychological trauma in children, which experts emphasized, has been examined. In particular, special attention has been paid to social media’s impact. The role of social workers at the stage of trauma prevention has been also considered, as well as the problems of the social support system that have arisen. The urgency of addressing the mental health of children and the importance of collaboration between authorities to provide effective support and treatment have been mentioned.

Policy developments on labelling for a more sustainable food system

Abstract Governments across Europe are developing policies which promote healthier, more sustainable food choices. This presentation explores these policies with a focus on the EU. In May 2020, the European Commission published its Farm to Fork Strategy which acknowledged the inextricable links between healthy people, healthy societies and a healthy planet. This committed to introduce legislative proposals to revise rules on food labelling for consumers. On the one hand, focusing on health, the Commission committed to introduce harmonised front-of-pack nutrition labelling, nutrient profiling criteria to restrict claims made on foods, extending mandatory origin or provenance information for certain products, and revise the rules on ‘use by’ and ‘best before’ dates by 2022. These commitments were reinforced by Europe's Beating Cancer Plan, which further committed to introduce mandatory ingredients list and nutrition declaration as well as warnings for alcoholic beverages by 2023. On the other hand, the Commission also committed to introduce a Sustainability Labelling Framework to empower consumers to make informed and sustainable food choices by the end of 2024. In synergy with other labelling initiatives - such as animal welfare labelling, ‘green claims’ organic labelling and those described above - it is meant to cover the provision of consumer information relating to the nutritional, climate, environmental and social aspects of food products. The Commission has already missed its 2022 deadlines and all suggestions point to it missing its 2023 and 2024 deadlines. This presentation will summarise the development so far, suggest how the EU should move forward and highlight barriers to implementation. Discussions on how to move forward will be held with the audience.

Shifting towards a Well-being Economy in Wales for a fairer, sustainable and healthier society

Abstract Wales, and other nations globally, face long-standing challenges such as climate change and on-going impacts of the pandemic. This has increased persisting health inequities, widening the health gap and putting health and social systems and other public services under even more pressure. Economic models that prioritise growth and profit over well-being of societies and the planet underpin these developments, this is unsustainable and threatens human, economic and planetary well-being. New political imperatives are emerging across Wales that foster new collaborations and innovative, sustainable and inclusive solutions that shift towards a Well-being Economy, creating shared and co-created well-being for current and future generations. Health is key component to create a Well-being Economy in Wales and is a driver and beneficiary. Public Health Wales’ work has been focused around the social determinants of health taking a holistic approach enabling cross-sector responsibility for health to shift to a Well-being Economy. Wales has created an enabling legislative environment with the (i) Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) underpinning all public body decisions, (ii) created a strong Foundational Economy and (iii) established a Future Generations Commissioner that encourages public bodies to take greater account of the long-term impact of their decisions. Metrics were implemented that go being Gross Domestic Produce (GDP) and monitor well-being outcomes in all sectors decisions. Welsh culture and language has been vital to create a sense of belonging and community cohesion building trust and healing social fractures. Shifting towards a Well-being Economy in Wales takes a whole of systems approach, working across sectors at all levels. A variety of mechanisms such as legislations, metrics, accountability measures and participation takes the approach forward. Public health appears to be a driver, co-creator and beneficiary in the approach. Key messages • Re-envisioning the economy in Wales towards a Well-being Economy is crucial to improve health and well-being and tackle inequalities. • Wales’ Well-being Economy approach has created a national cultural change at all levels that focuses on co-created well-being for all.

Health equity implementation expectations and challenges in a multi-level system reform initiative

Abstract Background Within Australia, a system reforming place-based initiative across an area the size of Spain is being implemented. The aim is to expand community-based care models and reduce hospital demand. As COVID-19 demonstrated, sustainability of healthy societies requires a health equity focus across all stages of health reform. Despite central equity principles, pressures risk diminishing this goal as policy is translated into practice across system levels. This initiative is a perfect case study opportunity to inform policy implementation through understanding operationalisation challenges and protections across a multi-level system. Methods 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2022 and 2023 with a purposive sample of senior policy executives, program managers and clinicians across partner organisations and the NSW Ministry of Health. An iterative interview process captured perspectives across system levels as the program was progressively implemented. Interviews were analysed using an inductive constant comparative approach. Results Preliminary findings indicate tensions that impact on realising equity goals. Key tension points exist between levels of operationalisation. These can manifest as perceived trade-offs between health equity and efficiency; place-based reforms that put downward pressure on resource challenged local services to manage equity; and funding models that discourage access. Tension mitigation is partially achieved through leadership commitment, community building, and ring-fenced equity funds. The shared equity understanding in rural areas is also a protective factor. Conclusions While local mitigation factors can protect equity goal preservation, we recommend consideration towards building alignments across system levels. This can include aligning leadership goals and designated funding streams across levels. Further opportunities not often captured in the interviews exist, including aligning accountability and monitoring processes. Key messages • Mitigation strategies exist to overcome inherent system tensions that impact on reforms achieving equity goals. While these can be partially achieved at one level, multi-level alignment is critical. • Shared leadership goals and designated funding streams can support overcome health equity tensions during implementation of reform initiatives, and would be supported by multi-level system alignment.

IMPACT OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND DEMOGRAPHIC ON SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING IN INDONESIA 2014-2015: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Subjective well-being is described as a person’s level of happiness and satisfaction with their life. Subjective well-being is critical in developing and sustaining a healthy and productive society. The negative consequence of not achieving subjective well-being is the formation of bad sentiments, emotions, or moods, which can harm health and raise the risk of disease. Several early studies confined to certain groups, and this subjective will-being research across Indonesia utilizing IFLS secondary data is still limited. The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of socioeconomic status and demographic characteristics on subjective well-being in the Indonesian population using a cross-sectional study design using secondary data from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS5) wave 5, 2014-2015. This study will employ stratified random sampling, which is consistent with that used in IFLS5, and the data acquired will be examined univariately. bivariate, and multivariate analysis. As many as 13.69% of respondents were unsatisfied with their lives in general. After controlling job satisfaction, job stress, economic level, age, and gender, the variable that has the greatest influence on subjective well-being is job satisfaction, which is equal to 5.38 times (95% CI 4.94 - 5.987; p-value 0.001). This means that respondents who are dissatisfied with their work are also at risk of feeling dissatisfied with subjective well-being.

Climate-specific health literacy in health professionals: an exploratory study

BackgroundHealth professionals such as physicians and nurses may play an important role in the transformation process towards a healthy, sustainable and climate-sensitive society. However, little is known about their climate-specific health literacy. This study aimed to assess knowledge regarding climate change and its impacts on health and climate-specific health literacy in health professionals.MethodsIn July/August 2022, a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was carried out at the University Hospital Regensburg, Germany, to assess climate-specific health literacy in nurses and physicians from various clinical specialties. Descriptive and exploratory statistical analyses were performed.ResultsThe study population consisted of 142 participants (57.7% women; response rate: 24,7%). Most participants (93%) considered climate change to be highly relevant. However, only 12% of respondents stated to be very well informed regarding the general consequences of climate change. Although 57% of all participants had never mentioned climate change in relation to health to their patients, participants with higher levels of knowledge regarding the effects of climate change were more likely to mention it compared to those with lower levels of knowledge. The most frequently stated obstacle to integrate the topic of climate change in clinical work was lack of time during work (79%), not enough information (42%) and lacking materials (39%). Differences between health professions were apparent.ConclusionThe results of our survey suggest that the current state of climate-specific health literacy differs between different groups of health professionals. There is a need to improve health professionals’ levels of climate-specific health literacy and to increase the potential in interprofessional cooperation regarding planetary health.

Like high cholesterol, population decline is a problem, but not in the way you might think...

The prospect of population decline in Europe is commonly understood to be an important policy problem. Discussions and research typically focus on the level and the trend of demographic indicators. Can policies be designed which, by targeting the constrained optimisation of rational individuals, cause the indicators to change in the right direction? In this intervention, I argue that like a surrogate marker in medicine, a demographic indicator is not a meaningful endpoint: something that is a direct measure of health or, analogously, a healthy society. Treating population indicators as meaningful endpoints can, as history has shown, lead to great harm. In my view, it is this misconception that makes population decline a truly serious and terrifying problem. So yes, population decline is a problem, but not in the way you, or the people who pose this sort of question, might think.

A Child-Centered Approach to the Organization of the Educational Process in the New Ukrainian Elementary School of Neuropsychology

The educational process in the new Ukrainian elementary school is characterized by many specific neuropsychological features and aspects. It requires from the teacher significant knowledge and skills in the field of organization, management and modernization of the educational process, as well as in the sphere of interaction with the children of the new Ukrainian elementary school. A key trend in today's education in the new Ukrainian elementary school is the child-centered approach, individualization and personality-centered approach, which focuses on the fact that the core of the educational process becomes the student, his abilities, individual neuropsychological capabilities, potential as a learning and creative. The child-centered approach to the organization of the educational process in the new Ukrainian elementary school has become a natural and natural phenomenon that accompanies the learning process in the last few years, which is caused by the rapid processes of globalization. The child-centered approach allows to focus the attention of teachers, psychologists, sociologists, and educational managers on the key problem of the current world - education of a healthy civil society, self-confident, capable of self-care, self-actualization, and professional and personal formation. All these processes begin at the moment when the child is in the first stage of education, receives primary information about the world, about himself, others and reality.

“For Rats Died in the Street; Men in their Homes:” The Pharmacology of the Human-Rat Relationship in Camus’s The Plague

Animals have always embodied the memory and trauma of troubled times in human history. The alienization of animals in terms of their non-human essence results in their gothification, resulting in irrational fears of animals that represent cultural anxieties and taboos. For instance, rats are the most culturally accepted symbol of the ravages of bubonic plague. Even though scientifically proven otherwise, the rat has become one of the indelible animal constructions of fear, Other-ness and the evil with-out, signifying the harbinger of the poison of untidiness and unsanitariness into an otherwise healthy society. This paper examines the sociopolitical conflicts in Albert Camus’s The Plague through the human-rat relationship. It uses the lens of Jacques Derrida and Bernard Stiegler’s conception of the pharmakon, where the pest becomes the pharmakon (a malign/benign entity) as well as the pharmakos (scapegoat) in a society riddled with the pestilence of cleansing the invasive Otherness. We have argued, through key theories in critical animal studies and the theories of pharmacology in discursive psychopolitics, that the rat becomes the Gothic icon in the narrative, exposing human foibles and affects our perception of chaos and order.

Transcending post-truth: Open educational practices in the information age

This paper discusses operationalization of open educational practices (OEP) using innovative, Internet-influenced pedagogies to expose dangers of post-truth narratives. The first part reviews interpretations of OEP (associated with open-access and tools, collaboration, problem-centered learning, and democratic pedagogy) and explores possibilities for creating educational initiatives where students learn to create problem-solving communities mirroring an informationally healthy society. The second part suggests our society has reached a post-truth crossroads. Post-truth was initially discussed in the 1990s—a reification of critical theorists’ pessimism of social structures, controlling narratives and ways members react to critical events, whether through obedience to institutional authority or support for destructive adventurism, creating situations producing cybernetic double binds. The third part contextualizes OEP as ecologically grounded pedagogies through an open source educational processes framework focusing on productive many-to-many online communication and community formation, offering practical examples of open source educational processes curricula implemented in a higher education setting.

A Tale of Delayed Justice in Pakistan

Pakistan judicial system has many flaws. The one we are discussing in this thesis is delay in justice. There is saying ‘‘Justice delayed is justice denied”. A society cannot be run with injustice. Delay in justice is also injustice. A healthy society needs prevailed justice. Bulks of cases in our courts also play part in delay justice. Lack of facilities and economics incentive also take part in dealing justice. Transfer of judges from court to court is also factor in delaying justice. Delay is product of different factor which are complex manner. Basically, judges and lawyers work together in collaboration to achieve single goal of dispensation of justice at reasonable speed. Thus, to increase the number of appearances in court room lawyers wants adjournment to manage their workload and same cases is with the judges they have to manage their workload so they grant adjournment. There are technical problems in the ministerial staff so that the ratio of corruption and non-use of modern techniques is also a source of delay justice in Pakistan.

Clinical and psychological characteristics of alcohol-dependent patients in the formation of high quality therapeutic remission

Objective. To identify clinical and psychological features that contribute to the formation of therapeutic remission in patients with alcohol dependence (PAD).Materials and methods. A comprehensive (clinical, experimental, psychological, statistical) comparative study was conducted of 79 PAD at the stage of therapeutic remission (icnluding 39 people in high-quality remission and 40 in low-quality remission) and 42 practically healthy individuals aged 27 to 55 (40.18 ± 10.2) years.Results. It was found that the condition of patients with high-quality PAD in remission differed from the condition of patients with the threat of relapse and healthy individuals with significantly fewer health complaints (p < 0.05), higher indicators of psychological functioning (p < 0.01) and a high level of activation of the nonspecific adaptive reaction of the body (NARB) (p < 0.001).It was found that the state of PAD in high remission differed from that of patients at risk of relapse and healthy individuals by a significantly lower number of health complaints (p < 0.05), higher indicators of psychological functioning (p < 0.01) and a high level of activation of nonspecific adaptive response of the body (NARB) (p < 0.001).Conclusion. The formation of qualitative and long-term therapeutic remission in PAD requires not only specific changes with a weakening of the manifestations of the disease, but also a high level of NARB, which provides energy support for the process of recovery with integration into a healthy society.

Counseling on the Use of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) as Pharmaceutical Preparations in the Making of Mouthwash and hand Sanitizer

Health services, including in the form of health counselling and traditional medicine, are one of the most elementary health service programs considering the level of the ratio of the population to the centre, health service units and health workers who do not meet the ideal balance, so a breakthrough and smart steps are needed in responding to this. I was counselling on the Use of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) as a Pharmaceutical Preparation in the Making of Mouthwash (Mouthwash) and Hand Sanitizer ( Antibacterial Hand Sanitizer) with the aim of improving the degree of health in the mouth and using Lime as a hand sanitiser. The methods of these activities are identification of the target objectives of the training, tools and materials used, good communication methods that are easy to understand, visualisation, evaluation, and feedback so that it can be concluded that counselling on the use of Lime as a pharmaceutical preparation in the manufacture of Mouthwash and Hand Sanitizer is a concern for healthy living in the surrounding community for the better. Thus creating a healthy and prosperous society.

The impact of energy transition on economy and health and its fairness

In order to cope with climate change, environmental pollution, resource depletion and so on, energy transformation (ET) has become an urgent task for China's development. Due to the great difference in the progress of ET in different regions, it is urgent to analyze the fairness of ET. At the same time, promoting the transformation of energy equity is conducive to promoting economic diversification and achieving a healthy society. Thus, the dynamic panel data model was used to analyze the impact of ET on economy and health from 2000 to 2020 and its fairness among 31 provinces in China. The correlation coefficient between R and GDP and between R and health index was 21.331 and 35.166. The correlation coefficient between energy intensity (EI) and GDP was −3.844. It could be seen that ET had significantly promoted the improvement of economy and health. The fairness study showed that the economic equity values of ET were between 0.8-1.5 and 0.7–2 in the central and eastern regions, respectively. ET promoted economic fairness. The health equity of energy transformation in the eastern region was bigger.

From industrialised to mindful medicine: including the politics of need and trust in child psychiatry

SUMMARYDiagnostic systems are not conducive to compassionate health-bringing psychiatric treatment. The systems were built around the fallacy that the politics of biomedicine could be reliably applied to the emergent properties of human psychological suffering and enable diagnosis-specific treatment packages. The resulting industrialised medicine, which reified people, failed to facilitate the compassion needed for healing. This article outlines an approach to psychiatric practice that involves understanding children's suffering and vulnerabilities in terms of their attachment strategies and adaptation to their context and takes a mindful approach to developing compassionate collaborative treatment goals (intelligent kindness). A shift towards mindful psychiatric medicine would encourage politicians to serve the people by addressing the contexts associated with human suffering and what makes people vulnerable, especially social inequalities. Healthy societies in which the psychiatric dis-ease of the population is adequately addressed will not be built with limited biomedical understanding of dis-ease.

Real-Time Hand Gesture Recognition Using YOLO and (Darknet-19) Convolution Neural Networks

There are at least three hundred and fifty million people in the world that cannot hear or speak. These are what are called deaf and dumb. Often this segment of society is partially isolated from the rest of society due to the difficulty of dealing, communicating and understanding between this segment and the rest of the healthy society. As a result of this problem, a number of solutions have been proposed that attempt to bridge this gap between this segment and the rest of society. The main reason for this is to simplify the understanding of sign language. The basic idea is building program to recognize the hand movement of the interlocutor and convert it from images to symbols or letters found in the dictionary of the deaf and dumb. This process itself follows mainly the applications of artificial intelligence, where it is important to distinguish, identify, and extract the palm of the hand from the regular images received by the camera device, and then convert this image of the movement of the paws or hands into understandable symbols. In this paper, the method of image processing and artificial intelligence, represented by the use of artificial neural networks after synthesizing the problem under research was used. Scanning the image to determine the areas of the right and left palm. Non-traditional methods that use artificial intelligence like Convolutional Neural Networks are used to fulfill this part. YOLO V-2 specifically was used in the current research with excellent results. Part Two: Building a pictorial dictionary of the letters used in teaching the deaf and dumb, after generating the image database for the dictionary, neural network Dark NET-19 were used to identify (classification) the images of characters extracted from the first part of the program. The results obtained from the research show that the use of neural networks, especially convolution neural networks, is very suitable in terms of accuracy, speed of performance, and generality in processing the previously unused input data. Many of the limitations associated with using such a program without specifying specific shapes (general shape) and templates, hand shape, hand speed, hand color and other physical expressions and without using any other physical aids were overcome through the optimal use of artificial convolution neural networks.

The Importance of Sports for Public Health

Sports have become an irreplaceable element in maintaining public health amidst today's modern challenges. In the sphere of increasingly busy lifestyles and unbalanced diets, the importance of exercise as a key pillar of public health is becoming increasingly relevant. This abstract summarizes the results of studies on the importance of exercise in maintaining public health from various perspectives. The main benefits of exercise for people's physical health include weight regulation, increased muscle and bone strength, and prevention of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Through regular physical activity, the risk of obesity and related health problems can be suppressed. In addition, exercise also helps improve the function of the respiratory and digestive systems, making it key to a more physically fit society. Aspects of mental health are also inevitable in this context. Exercise has been shown to have a positive impact on people's mental well-being by stimulating the release of endorphins, stress-reducing hormones, anxiety, and depression. In an increasingly complex society, exercise is becoming an effective solution for treating mental health and improving quality of life. Sport not only affects individuals personally but also has significant social implications. Through participation in sports groups or teams, social interaction can be enhanced, community bonds strengthened, and positive values such as cooperation and fair play are emphasized. This has an impact on building strong character and connecting with a more socially healthy society. However, sports promotion does not go without challenges. Busy modern lifestyles often reduce the time for exercise, and access to adequate sports facilities is not always evenly distributed in all walks of life. Therefore, the role of governments, educational institutions, and communities in promoting sports has become very important. In conclusion, exercise has a crucial role in maintaining overall public health. Through its impact on physical, mental, and social health, sport becomes an effective tool in caring for people's well-being. By strengthening the promotion and integration of sport in everyday life, we can shape a healthier, happier, and more empowered society.

The Significance and Strategies for Environmental Conservation in the Light of Islamic Teachings

Environmental protection is considered a fundamental aspect of Islamic faith. Islam views any assistance in cleaning and preserving the environment as ongoing charity (sadaqah jariyah) and an act of civic responsibility. Quranic verses, Hadiths (sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad), religious guidelines, and jurisprudential rulings all emphasize the necessity, significance, position, and benefits of environmental conservation. This topic has gained prominence in contemporary political and healthcare discussions globally, with its protection being an international priority. Measures taken to safeguard it are aimed at ensuring a healthy environment where humans reside, free from harm. It appears that Islam regards the environment as a divine gift and has provided numerous rules, regulations, and religious guidelines for its preservation. Has Islam considered rules, regulations, and guidelines for the conservation of the environment and living organisms? This article aims to answer this question and others alike by examining the sacred texts of the Quran and the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad.
 This article attempts to analyze Islamic texts to determine the level of attention Islam, as a universal religion, has given to issues essential to human society, including environmental conservation. It discusses the excessively high regard Islam has for the environment and outlines useful Sharia solutions for maintaining a clean environment, which is one of the fundamental needs of a pure, healthy, and ideal society. The article employs an analytical approach and utilizes translations of Quranic verses from the Tafsir Noor by Mostafa Khormadell and translations of Hadiths primarily from the book Al-Lu'lu' wal-Marjan by Abu Bakr Hasan Zadeh.