Healthy Planting Material Research Articles

Совершенствование технологического цикла клонального микроразмножения Rubus chamaemorus L.

The results of the study of the microclonal propagation of the cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) of the Leningradskaya and Kondinskaya forms at the stages of microclonal propagation itself and rooting of microshoots in in vitro culture are presented. R. chamaemorus is one of the most popular bog berry plants in the countries of Northern Europe and the northern regions of Russia, possessing highly valuable nutritional and pharmacological properties. In order to intensify industrial berry growing in Russia and meet the market demand for berry products in the context of import substitution, it is necessary to use high-tech methods for obtaining planting material. In order to preserve the valuable gene pool and accelerate the production of a large amount of healthy planting material of R. chamaemorus forms, it is necessary to improve and optimize the technologies or microclonal propagation of this species. The largest number (on average 9.6–9.9 pcs.) and the total length (16.4– 19.5 cm) of R. chamaemorus microshoots in in vitro culture at the stage of microclonal propagation itself have been observed on the Murashige and Skoog culture medium. An increase in the concentration of the “Dropp” preparation from 0.1 to 0.2 mg/l in the culture medium has contributed to an increase in the number of R. chamaemorus microshoots (on average by 1.8–2.4 times), an increase in their total length in the Konsinskaya form (by 1.5 times) and its decrease in the Leningradskaya form (by 1.1 times). The largest number (on average 3.9–4.6 pcs.) and the total length (13.2–14.0 cm) of R. chamaemorus roots at the stage of microshoot rooting in vitro have been noted on the Murashige and Skoog culture medium. An increase in the concentration of indolebutyric acid from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/l in the culture medium has contributed to an increase in the number of R. chamaemorus roots (on average by 1.4 times) and a decrease in their total length (by 1.15–1.25 times).

Activity of gemmogenesis in regenerated plants of hazelnut cv. ‘Akademyk Yablokov’ and antibiotic therapy for elimination of bacterial contamination in vitro

Background. The problem of obtaining certified planting material with biotechnological methods is important for expanding commercial and homestead plantations of hazelnut cultivars in Belarus. Materials and methods. Regenerated plants of cv. ‘Akademyk Yablokov’, representing the genus Corylus L., were a model object for studying in vitro morphogenesis and effectiveness of antibiotics against bacterial contamination, so that a protocol could be developed to obtain healthy planting material of hazelnut cultivars. The plants produced during this study were included in the duplicate ex situ collection of nut crops preserved in vitro in the active growth state. Results. Single exposure to the antibiotic kanamycin monosulfate at a concentration of 100 mg/L during antibiotic therapy in the stage of in vitro micropropagation eliminated bacterial infection in 83.3% of regenerated plants, and twofold exposure in 100%. Further cultivation revealed its phytotoxic aftereffect manifested in the form of necrosis on most of the regenerated plants and a decrease in the activity of gemmogenesis and growth. Neither single nor twofold exposure to cefotaxime sodium salt at a concentration of 90 mg/L caused elimination of bacterial infection, but gemmogenesis and regenerated plant growth retained their activity during subsequent cultivation on antibiotic-free media. The best development parameters were observed on a modified Murashige–Skoog medium with 6 mg/L 6-BA, 0.01 mg/L IBA, and 0.1 mg/L GA3 (average number of shoots: 2.2; number of microcuttings: 2.3), and a modified DKW medium with 6 mg/L 6-BA, 0.01 mg/L IBA, and 0.1 mg/L GA3 (average number of shoots: 2.05; microcuttings: 2.9). The use of zeatin as a cytokinin to stimulate adventitious morphogenesis or activate the growth of axillary meristems at a concentration of 5 or 6 mg/L was not as effective as 6-BA.

Isolation, genome analysis and tissue localization of Ceratobasidium theobromae, a new encounter pathogen of cassava in Southeast Asia

In Southeast Asia (SEA) fastidious fungi of the Ceratobasidium genus are associated with proliferation of sprouts and vascular necrosis in cacao and cassava, crops that were introduced from the tropical Americas to this region. Here, we report the isolation and in vitro culture of a Ceratobasidium sp. isolated from cassava with symptoms of witches’ broom disease (CWBD), a devastating disease of this crop in SEA. The genome characterization using a hybrid assembly strategy identifies the fungus as an isolate of the species C. theobromae, the causal agent of vascular streak dieback of cacao in SEA. Both fungi have a genome size > 31 Mb (G+C content 49%), share > 98% nucleotide identity of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and > 94% in genes used for species-level identification. Using RNAscope® we traced the pathogen and confirmed its irregular distribution in the xylem and epidermis along the cassava stem, which explains the obtention of healthy planting material from symptom-free parts of a diseased plant. These results are essential for understanding the epidemiology of CWBD, as a basis for disease management including measures to prevent further spread and minimize the risk of introducing C. theobromae via long-distance movement of cassava materials to Africa and the Americas.

Оздоровление растений винограда сорта Красностоп АЗОС от вируса скручивания листьев -1, -2 и -3 (grapevine leafroll-associated viruses -1, -2 and -3) методом термотерапии

Abstract. The grapevine leafroll-associated virus is one of the most harmful and economically significant. It is known from scientific literature sources that in the vineyards of the Krasnodar region this virus is spread over an area of 50 %. The problem of increasing the phytosanitary stability of grape plantations necessitates the constant improvement of protection systems, in which methods of improving planting material are of great importance. To date, there are several methods for inactivating viral particles and freeing individual plant organs from viral infection – in vitro, thermo- and chemotherapy. Thermotherapy is one of the widely used methods that involves growing and disinfecting vines at temperatures that can delete or inactivate viruses. This method focuses on inactivating viruses rather than completely removing them. Thermotherapy has been tested in the process of obtaining initial healthy grape plants from the grapevine leafroll-associated virus GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2 и GLRaV-3. The objectives of the research are the selection of thermotherapy regimens for the release of grape cuttings from the grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV-1, GLRaV2 и GLRaV-3). As a result of the research, it was found that the use of thermotherapy of 35 ℃ and 40 ℃ for 20, 30, 40, 50 minutes did not affect the elimination of the grapevine leafroll-associated virus, the yield of diseased plants after treatment was 100 %. A positive result in the healing of plants from the grapevine leafroll-associated virus is achieved at a temperature of 45 ℃ and 50 ℃ (exposure time is 20, 30, 40, 50 minutes). The number of virus-free plants ranges from 45.4 % to 59.8 %. The inclusion of thermotherapy in the process of phytosanitary breeding, as well as in the cultivation of seedlings for mother grape plantations, will significantly increase the guarantee of laying industrial grape plantations with planting material free from phytoplasmic, viral, bacterial and fungal infections. Keywords: grapes, cuttings, grapevine leafroll-associated virus GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2 and GLRaV-3, thermotherapy, thermal stability, elimination, healthy planting material Financing source: The research was carried out within the framework of the Federal project "Development of large-scale scientific and scientific-technological projects in priority research areas" of the national project "Science and Universities"

Effect of auxin on in vitro rooting of the triploid Musa paradisiaca L. cv. Nendran (AAB)

Banana is an important fruit crops of the family Musaceae. Tissue culture multiplication of banana is now popular and preferred due to faster multiplication, uniformly and cost-effective production of healthy planting materials. The following work was take on to study the result of various concentrations of auxin (indole-3-butyric acid-IBA). Shoots derived from sucker explants after a series of multiplication (4 to 5), regenerated plants having 4.5 cm length were dissected out and rooted in different concentrations of auxin (IBA) (0.5 to 3.5 mg/L). Root production was started after 10 days of culture and the data taken after 20 days. From all the treatment tested all media concentrations produce roots at varied level with in a period of 15-20 days of culture. Media having concentrations of IBA were used to induce in vitro rooting in plantlets of Musa cv. Nendran after six sub cultures including elongation. The elongated shoots harvested from culture bottles were transferred to MS solid media supplemented with auxin IBA at varied concentrations. The root induction rate varied from one media concentration to another. The present study revealed that IBA (1.0 mg/L) was found to be most applicable hormone for root induction in sucker shoot tip explants of Musa cv. Nendran.

Electronic Nose and GC-MS Analysis to Detect Mango Twig Tip Dieback in Mango (Mangifera indica) and Panama Disease (TR4) in Banana (Musa acuminata)

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as a biological element released from plants, have been correlated with disease status. Although analysis of VOCs using GC-MS is a routine procedure, it has limitations, including being time-consuming, laboratory-based, and requiring specialist training. Electronic nose devices (E-nose) provide a portable and rapid alternative. This is the first pilot study exploring three types of commercially available E-nose to assess how accurately they could detect mango twig tip dieback and Panama disease in bananas. The devices were initially trained and validated on known volatiles, then pure cultures of Pantoea sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Fusarium odoratissimum, and finally, on infected and healthy mango leaves and field-collected, infected banana pseudo-stems. The experiments were repeated three times with six replicates for each host-pathogen pair. The variation between healthy and infected host materials was evaluated using inbuilt data analysis methods, mainly by principal component analysis (PCA) and cross-validation. GC-MS analysis was conducted contemporaneously and identified an 80% similarity between healthy and infected plant material. The portable C 320 was 100% successful in discriminating known volatiles but had a low capability in differentiating healthy and infected plant substrates. The advanced devices (PEN 3/MSEM 160) successfully detected healthy and diseased samples with a high variance. The results suggest that E-noses are more sensitive and accurate in detecting changes of VOCs between healthy and infected plants compared to headspace GC-MS. The study was conducted in controlled laboratory conditions, as E-noses are highly sensitive to surrounding volatiles.

A random forest-based analysis of cassava mosaic disease-related factors affecting the on-farm livelihoods of cassava farmers

This study aimed to identify key CMD-related factors affecting Cameroon cassava farmers’ incomes originating from both the sale of cassava cuttings (V215) and the sale of cassava roots (V216). To achieve this, nine CMD-related variables were used to independently train two Random Forest models. These models were later employed for regression-based prediction of both financial targets V215 and V216. The Random Forest (RF)-based mean absolute percentage error for targets V215 and V216 were 0.19 and 1.25 respectively. The RF-based mean Gaussian deviance for targets V215 and V216 were 0.07 and 0.51 respectively. Based on RF feature importance scores (RFFI), the top 3 factors affecting income originating from the sale of cassava cuttings were found to be: late appearance of symptoms as a difficulty associated with regular field monitoring (RFFI of 0.2594), removal of infected plants as a method of controlling frequent occurrence of viral diseases in respondents’ cassava fields (RFFI of 0.1633) and lack of healthy planting material due to frequent occurrence of viral diseases in respondents’ cassava fields (RFFI of 0.1495). Also, the top 3 factors affecting income originating from the sale of cassava roots were found to be: the replacement of infected plants with healthy cuttings as a method of controlling the frequent occurrence of viral diseases in respondents’ cassava fields (RFFI of 0.1974), decrease in yield due to frequent occurrence of viral diseases in respondents’ cassava fields (RFFI of 0.1530) and poor plant growth due to frequent occurrence of viral diseases in respondents’ cassava fields (RFFI of 0.1388).

The influence of the nutrient composition medium on the intensity micropropagation in vitro Fragaria × Ananassa duch.

Strawberry is one of the most economically significant crops in the world berry growing. In the course of research, the influence of the mineral composition of nutrient media on the growth and development of strawberry plants at the stage of micro-propagation proper was studied for further optimization of the technology of microclonal reproduction. The purpose of the work is to select the optimal nutrient medium for micropropagation of strawberry in vitro in the production system of healthy planting material. The research was carried out in the laboratory of biotechnology of the Russian research Institute of Fruit Grop Breeding according to generally accepted methods. The objects were important commercial varieties of garden strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) of foreign breeding: Alba (NF 311), Darselect, Kimberly, Clery, Syria (NF 137), Florence. Variants of the nutrient media formulations used: Lee and de Fossard, Gamborg and Eveleigh (B5), Knop, Murashige-Skoog with the addition of 0.8 mg/ l cytokinin 6-BAP. Optimal recipes of the nutrient medium that promote intensive proliferation and root formation in plants have been determined. For the cultivation of the studied strawberry varieties at the stage of actual micro-propagation with a high degree of regeneration, the optimal nutrient medium is the MS medium. On the nutrient Knop’s medium, the micro-plants on the second passage acquired a reddish color, not characteristic of the studied varieties. The maximum values of plant height were noted in the control variant with MS nutrient medium in the varieties Darselect (9.1 mm) and Kimberly (8.6 mm). In all other variants of the studied nutrient media, the average height of plants did not exceed 7.7 mm. Media according to the LF and B5 recipe can be used to obtain microplants suitable for planting in ex vitro conditions, excluding the rooting stage, to accelerate the production of healthy planting material. A different reaction of strawberry varieties to the mineral composition of nutrient media has been established.

Клональное микроразмножение лесных ягодных растений рода Rubus

Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) and arctic raspberry (Rubus arcticus L.) are highly nutritional and medicinal but lowyield berries, with some populations being on the verge of extinction. Micropropagation biotechnologies are cost-effective and may provide healthy and plentiful planting material for these valuable berries. Clonal micropropagation of cloudberry and arctic raspberry requires new methods adapted for Russian varieties. This research featured the effect of sterilizing agents on the survival rate of explants of R. chamaemorus and R. arcticus, as well as the effect of growth regulators in the nutrient medium on their organogenesis in vitro.
 Berries obtained from regenerant plants of R. chamaemorus (Arkhangelsk and Vologda varieties) and R. arcticus (Sofia and Galina varieties) underwent a biochemical analysis. Further research involved the effect of sterilizing agents and exposure time on the viability of explants, as well as the effect of the nutrient medium composition and the concentration of growth regulators on the development of microshoots and roots in vitro.
 In case of lateral buds, the highest survival rate of both types of explants (80–96%) belonged to the samples sterilized with 0.2% silver nitrate and 5% Lysoformin 3000 for 15 min. In case of etiolated shoots (79–100%), it was the samples treated with 0.2% silver nitrate, 0.01% Nika 2, and 5% Lysoformin 3000 for 10 min. The maximal total length of microshoots in R. chamaemorus (19.4–22.7 cm) was registered at 0.1 mg/L Cytodef in the Murashige and Skoog medium. The maximal total length of roots (46.0–56.6 cm) was obtained when the medium contained 0.5 mL/L indolylacetic acid. As for R. arcticus, the maximal total lengths of microshoots (22.4–22.8 cm) and roots (86.6–89.3 cm) occurred at the same concentrations of growth regulators on 1/2 Murashige and Skoog medium.
 In this research, Cytodef and indolylacetic acid applied in the process of clonal micropropagation of R. chamaemorus and R. arcticus made it possible to increase the yield of high-quality planting material for commercial plantations.

Irrigation and Fertilization: A Comprehensive Analysis of Their Influences on Qualitative Indices in Two Plum Varieties

The chief aim of this study is to provide information regarding the value and effectiveness of localized irrigation applied to plum trees grown in nurseries; this study also emphasizes how irrigation impacts various qualitative indices in the context of different fertilization treatments. By increasing production in the nursery, the application of differentiated rules for fertilization and irrigation is expected to yield vigorous, healthy fruit tree planting material. As in the case of all cultivated plants, fruit trees in nurseries are primarily dependent on soil and climatic conditions. This research was carried out in a private fruit tree nursery in the northwestern part of Romania. The soil taxonomic unit identified on the research field was arable, weakly glaciated loamy clay on fluvial deposits. The two plum cultivars that were studied were Stanley and Cacanska Lepotica, both of which are valued for the high caliber of their fruit. This research was conducted using a 4 × 2 × 4 trifactorial experiment, with irrigation acting as the primary factor, cultivar as the secondary factor, and fertilization as the tertiary factor. During this research, the fertilization treatments proved to have the most significant impact (34.50%) on stem diameter compared with irrigation (20.67%) and cultivar (5.63%), given that the cultivar had no discernible influence on the increase in the diameters of the grafted trees.

Emerging vegetable crop diseases and their management options

Abstract Vegetable crops are economically important throughout the world and they all share some common features, such as high value, globalisation of the seed market, continuous intensification and innovation of their production systems, the presence of a high number of crops and varieties, and a limited availability of chemical pesticides for their disease management. In this review, we focus on fungal plant pathogens, although several diseases caused by bacteria are becoming important. Many diseases caused by soilborne pathogens, such as Fusarium oxysporum (different formae speciales ), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium spp. and Phytophthora spp., become more severe over the last few years. Many of these diseases can be considered the consequence of the profound changes that soil disinfestation has undergone since the use of methyl bromide was prohibited in 2005. In the meantime, new hosts have been detected for diseases caused by foliar pathogens ( Alternaria spp., Stemphylium spp. Fusarium equiseti , Albifimbria verrucaria , Paramyrothecium roridum ), often as a consequence of climate change. The phytopathological situations of vegetable crops is discussed hereafter, with special emphasis on Italy, which is one of the most important vegetable production countries in Europe (not worldwide). The evolution of some diseases as a possible consequence of the current limitations in the use of chemicals, of the globalisation of the markets and/or of climate change is critically discussed. The disease management options that are currently available (e.g. the use of healthy planting material, host resistance, soil health, soilless systems, biological control, and integrated pest management) are discussed.

Development of Simplified Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Rapid and Robust Detection of Citrus Yellow Vein Clearing Virus.

Citrus is an economically important fruit crop, belongs to family Rutaceae, cultivated commercially in over 130 countries, which holds a leading profitable position in the international market. The most important citrus varieties are mandarins, oranges, lemons, sweet limes, grapefruits and pomelos. Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is an important graft transmissible plant pathogen known to reduce productivity of citrus fruits due to its predominant association and widespread occurrence. Requirement of fast, reliable, efficient & economical CYVCV indexing assay is a prerequisite for production of healthy planting material. Currently, nucleic acid isolation and thermal cycler-based assay available for CYVCV indexing is a cumbersome lab intensive method. The present study was undertaken to develop and validate reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay requiring no tedious RNA isolation, separate cDNA synthesis and costlier instrument like thermo-cycler. Optimized RT-RPA assay was able to amplify CYVCV up to 10-7 dilution (equivalent to 0.1pg/μl) with the prepared templates of both RNA and crude saps and showed higher sensitivity in detection of CYVCV infection in field samples as compared to the conventional RT-PCR. Developed RT-RPA assay showed high specificity without any cross-reaction with other citrus pathogens (Indian citrus ringspot virus, citrus yellow mosaic virus, citrus tristeza virus, citrus exocortis viroid and huanglongbing). RT-RPA using crude leaf sap as template is quite simple, robust, highly sensitive, time and cost effective; therefore, it can be used in resource constrained laboratories as screening tool, for field surveys and on-site testing programs in farms, nurseries and biosecurity. Present study, first time reports the development, optimization and validation of crude sap-based RT-RPA assay for the detection of CYVCV infection in citrus plants namely; Kinnow mandarin, Mosambi and Grape fruit.

The effect of various water-soluble fertilizers on the productivity of potato plants of the Dochka variety in aeroponics

The possibility and the prospects of using various water-soluble fertilisers for growing healthy planting material of potato variety Dochka under aeroponics conditions have been studied. Two variants of water-soluble fertilisers were used as objects of study: 1) Nutriflex-T complex fertiliser at a concentration of 2 g/l with the addition of calcium nitrate 4-aqueous at a concentration of 0.35 g/l; 2) author's water-soluble fertiliser Martirosyan Yu.Ts. At a concentration of 1 g/l. In the experiments, healthy potato microplants of the Dochka variety were used. The experiments were carried out on aeroponic systems "Urozhay-9000". Sodium sodium-vapour lamps DNAT 400 were used as a light source. After 30 days of cultivation on a water-soluble fertiliser, the height of potato plants and the length of the root system in the studied variants did not differ in the version using the author's environment, Martirosyan Yu.Ts. Compared with the variant with the use of the Nutriflex-T complex fertiliser, a statistically significant increase in the following indicators was observed: the average number of mini tubers obtained from one plant (17.38±0.29 pcs. pieces/bush compared to 14.44±0.35 pieces/bush), the average weight of one mini tuber (8.17±0.29 g compared to 5.47±0.26 g), the proportion of mini tubers weighing over 4 g (67.63% compared to 46.10%), biomass of the root system at the end of cultivation (33.31±0.45 g compared to 30.31±0.35 g). At the same time, the biomass of the vegetative part of potato plants at the end of cultivation on the Nutriflex-T fertiliser was higher than the biomass of the vegetative part of plants grown on the nutrient medium of Martirosyan Yu.Ts. (284.06±4.77 g compared to 151.25±2.45 g). It is shown that the cultivation of potato plants of the Dochka variety on the author's water-soluble fertiliser Martirosyan Yu.Ts. It is economically viable.

Optimization of low-cost potting mixture for hardening of in vitro raised plants of dragon fruit

Dragon fruit cultivation is surging massively because of its high nutritional and medicinal value and profit to the farmers. Micropropagation offers healthy, vigorous and uniform planting material to meet the soaring demand. However, the high cost of tissue-cultured planting material prevents farmers from buying it. Commonly used potting media, peat, perlite, and vermiculite, contribute significantly to the higher cost of micropropagules. In this study, low-cost potting media such as soil, sand and vermicompost were evaluated as alternative potting media for hardening tissue-cultured plants of dragon fruit. Well-rooted micro shoots were transplanted into Protrays containing different proportions of soil, sand and vermicompost and the plant survivability, the number of shoots and roots and their respective length and chlorophyll content were recorded. Sand and vermicompost (1:1 v/v) were found to be the best potting media exhibiting 100% survivability (15 days of hardening of the plants), producing the highest number of shoots (7.66 shoots/plant) with a mean length of shoots (10.61 cm) and 11.27 roots per plant with a mean length of 10.38 cm root length (at 120 days of hardening). Cent per cent survivability was noticed even at 120 days after hardening. Sand and vermicompost, with less than 10% of the cost of peat, perlite and vermiculite may be used as low-cost potting media for the hardening of tissue-cultured plants.

Опыт выращивания посадочного материала Thuja occidentalis ᾽Smaragd᾽ с ЗКС по технологии «Контейнер в контейнере»

In the Russian nursery industry, there are certain standards for planting material developed for all types of plants that dictating clear requirements for nursery products, in case of deviation from which, the competitive-ness of the nursery in the plant market decreases. In order to grow healthy planting material that meets all the required standards, it is necessary to apply modern cultivation technologies that provide all the conditions for the uniform development of the aboveground and underground parts of the plant, without any disease. This article discusses the experience of growing Thuja occidentalis ‘Smaragd’ planting material with a closed root system in containers. Observations on the condition of 180 containerized seedlings on three experimental sites in the nursery - an open area, a shaded area and a "Pot-in-pot" technology area were made. Measurements of substrate temperature in containers throughout the day, biometric indicators of seedlings – plant height, root neck diame-ter, root length and density were analyzed. All the advantages and disadvantages of the "Pot-in-pot" system, dif-ferences from the classical cultivation are shown, and the influence of this method on the physiology and productivity of plants is determined.

Enhancing reforestation efforts: a comprehensive analysis of modern approaches to cultivate planting material for forest crops

The paper presents a comprehensive study of various methods and techniques used in the cultivation of planting material for reforestation purposes. This study is aimed at in-depth analysis and comparative evaluation of various approaches to the production of healthy and high-quality planting material for forest crops to increase the productivity and sustainability of reforestation practices. In the course of the study, a review of scientific literature in the field of crop production and reforestation technologies was conducted in the thematic journals indexed by Scopus, Web of Science, Elibrary, and Google Academy. The search depth was 40 years, and the search languages were English and Russian. According to the results of the study, today the method of growing seedlings with a closed root system is the most effective and dynamically developing way that can be used to solve a wide range of problems. The proposed methods of improvement are aimed at creating more economical and efficient systems for growing seedlings with a closed root system and represent the use of worked-out mines as greenhouses for growing seedlings. In addition, the use of the Internet of Things, machine learning, and neural networks will automate the process of growing seedlings, reducing human participation in this process and the risk of loss of planting material. Keywords: Reforestation, biological cultivation, crop production technologies, modern crop production.

Vasily G. Trushechkin – founder of Russian berry growing, innovator and scientifi c leader (100 th anniversary of his birth)

The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Vasily Trushechkin – Hero of the Soviet Union, Laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of Science and Technology, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dr. Sci. (Agric.), Professor, Director of the Regional Research Institute of Horticulture in the Non-Black Earth Zone (presently—the Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery). He was a well-known Russian scientist who made a significant contribution to the theoretical and practical foundations of mechanized cultivation and harvesting of berry crops, as well as the production of healthy planting material of fruit and berry crops. In the years of scientific activity, Vasily Trushechkin supervised 40 candidates and 5 doctors of sciences, published 250 scientific works, as well as obtained 38 inventor’s certificates and two patents for inventions. The scientific legacy of Vasily Trushechkin still finds application today in solving modern horticultural problems.

Effect of different LEDs light spectrum on potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) <i>in vitro</i> (review)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a significant and valuable crop for the economy of many countries. It provides people nutrition and national food security. To obtain healthy potato planting material, propagation in vitro culture is carried out. The problem of increasing the propagation efficiency at this stage is very relevant and can be solved by optimizing the lighting parameters, including the spectral composition of the emitter. The review of published works mainly over the last 20 years concerning the study of the effect of LED lighting of different spectral composition and power on regenerated potato plants, grown in vitro, is given in this paper. Morphometric and physiological parameters of potato plants are given, which can be influenced by changing the spectral composition of illumination. Data on lighting recommendations for different varieties of potato are given. This review may be useful for organizations involved in potato micropropagation, as well as for research teams developing technologies for optimal potato cultivation.

ОЗДОРОВЛЕНИЕ ЧЕРЕНКОВ ВИНОГРАДА С ПОМОЩЬЮ ТЕРМОТЕРАПИИ ОТ ВИРУСА GLRAV2

The use of healthy planting material for re-production is an important measure to combat grapevine viruses. At the same time, the worldwide spread of some viral diseases of fruit crops emphasizes the need for research and implementation of a set of measures to free planting material from viruses, as the only approaches to limiting the spread of the virus through planting material. In this article, we provide real-time PCR-confirmed results of thermotherapy performed to free grape cut-tings from the leafroll virus GLRaV-2. Ac-cording to our data, the most effective ther-motherapy regimens will be a combination of high duration and high temperature.

Induction of micro-rhizomes for in vitro ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosco) disease-free planting materials regeneration

Ginger has been a leading spice crop in Ethiopia until ginger bacterial wilt disease interrupted its production. The disease transmission is mainly through infected planting materials and products. Regeneration of healthy planting materials is among the best option to minimize the disease impact. This research aimed to induce and produce disease-free in vitro micro-rhizome in a combination of sucrose, BAP, ammonium nitrate, and silver nitrate. The results from observations indicated that sucrose and BAP were best combinations for induction of disease free micro-rhizomes. Ammonium nitrate and silver nitrate showed lower induction than sucrose and BAP combinations alone. The maximum viable number of micro-rhizome (5.67) and shoot number (10.33) were from 80.0 g/l sucrose and 6.0 mg/l BAP contained medium. Viability test indicated 80 % of the micro-rhizomes were sprouted after one month in soil. The micro-rhizome production potential observed in this experiment can enhance disease-free ginger production.