Health Stations Research Articles

Tuân thủ điều trị ở người bệnh tăng huyết áp được quản lý điều trị tại các trạm Y tế huyện Hòa Vang, thành phố Đà Nẵng năm 2023 và một số yếu tố liên quan

Objectives: To describe the treatment adherence among hypertensive patients and to determine some related factors to treatment adherence. Research methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 360 hypertensive patients being managed and treated at health stations in Hoa Vang district. Result: The overall treatment adherence rate of patients was 16,7%; the highest rate was regular health checkups (84,2%), and the lowest rate was the blood pressure measuring at home (22,5%). The treatment time, education level, support of medical facilities and knowledge are factors related to the hypertension treatment adherence of patients. Conclusion: The hypertension treatment adherence rate of patients was low, 16,7%.

Sự hài lòng của người dân sử dụng dịch vụ tiêm chủng mở rộng tại Trung tâm Y tế Thành phố Đồng Xoài, tỉnh Bình Phước, năm 2023

Describe the satisfaction of people using expanded vaccination services at Health Stations of Dong Xoai City Health Center, Binh Phuoc province in 2023. Designed a cross-sectional study on 307 subjects using expanded vaccination services (EPI) at the City Medical Center. Dong Xoai from April 2023 - August 2023. Satisfaction is assessed in 5 aspects based on Decision 3869/QD-BYT. Overall satisfaction rate reached 86.3%. In which, satisfaction with service delivery results reached the highest rate (97.4%), the lowest was in terms of facilities and service facilities (92.2%). People's satisfaction rate with expanded vaccination services is considered quite high, it is necessary to improve the quality of facilities and facilities to serve patients. It is recommended to expand research and evaluation across the entire vaccination program and evaluate other influencing factors. Keywords: Satisfaction; Expanded Program On Immunization, Binh Phuoc province

Research on the Influencing Factors of Farmers’ Choice of Medical Treatment in Health Stations under the Background of Rural Medical Insurance—Taking Guangdong Province as an Example

This paper examines the decision-making process of farmers when selecting medical treatments at health stations. The purpose is to establish a more rational and scientific rural medical insurance system and to adapt the system to the current external environment. This will enable the system to fully utilize its potential and benefit the rural medical insurance sector. Innovation. This paper adopts a combination of literature review, field investigation, descriptive research, and statistical analysis to examine the medical treatment choices made by farmers in Guangdong Province under the rural medical insurance system. The hardware and software facilities of village health stations have a significant impact on farmers’ choice of medical treatment. Among them, the number of doctors is significantly positively correlated, while the facility investment in health stations is significantly negatively correlated. From this, it can be seen that farmers are more concerned about whether they can access medical services in a timely manner, but they have a negative reaction to the high cost of medical expenses at health stations. This paper proposes a rational allocation of resources for medical and health stations through the reform of the rural medical insurance system. The aim is to improve the level of rural medical and social security.

Firefighting Stations Allocation Model for the State of Kuwait

The objective is to determine the best re-allocations of the stations to easily reach the accident location with both the least cost and time possible, with the best firefighting effective required facilities. This objective required dividing the six governorates into 133 areas served in 6 minutes efficient response time. The final findings of this study were 30 reallocated stations, which managed effectively to cover all 133 required areas. This has been shown on included maps of the six governorates. The goal linear programming model idea was not discussed in the emergency field research of the “State of Kuwait,” specifically in the firefighting emergency service. Moreover, this modeling can be expanded to cover all other types of emergency service topics such as health, paramedics, and police stations.

Patients' and Care Professionals' Evaluation of the Effect of a Hospital Group on Integrated Care in Chinese Urban Health Systems: A Propensity Score Matching and Difference-in-differences Regression Approach.

A hospital group is an organizational integration strategy that has recently been widely implemented in Chinese urban health systems to promote integrated care. This study aims to evaluate the effect of hospital group on integrated care from the perspectives of both patients and care professionals. Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Shenzhen city of China, in June 2018 and July 2021. All thirty Community Health Stations (CHSs) in the hospital group were included in the intervention group, with 30 CHSs in the same district selected as the control group by simple random sampling. All care professionals within both the intervention and the control groups were invited to participate in the surveys. Twelve CHSs were selected from 30 CHSs in the intervention and the control groups by simple random sampling, and 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were selected from each of these selected CHSs to participate in the survey by systematic sampling. The Rainbow Model of Integrated Care-Measurement Tool (Chinese version) was used to assess integrated care. Propensity score matching and difference-in-differences regression (PSM-DID) were used to evaluate the effect of the hospital group on integrated care. After matching, 528 patients and 1896 care professionals were included in the DID analysis. Results from care professionals indicated that the hospital group significantly increased technical competence of the health system by 0.771 points, and cultural competence by 1.423 points. Results from patients indicated that the hospital group significantly decreased organizational integration of the health system by 0.649 points. The results suggests that the effect of the hospital group on integrated care over and above routine strategies for integrated care is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to implementing professional, clinical and other integration strategies beyond establishing hospital groups, in urban Chinese health systems.

Quality of prenatal care and maternal fetal attachment among primigravid mothers in the Philippines: A cross sectional study

BackgroundThe prenatal period is a proper chance for evaluating maternal-fetal attachment. AimTo determine the relationship between quality of prenatal care and maternal-fetal attachment among primigravida mothers during late pregnancy period. MethodsThe study conducted a survey using a 46-item Quality of Prenatal Care Questionnaire and 24-item Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale among 343 primigravida mothers in village health stations. Pearson correlation was used to correlate maternal-fetal attachment scores and quality of prenatal scores. Linear regression was used to determine relationships between variables. ResultsMaternal-fetal attachment scores is correlated with: age ≤19 years (4.10 [95 % CI 1.81–6.39]), companion during visits (2.76 [95 % CI 0.34–5.18]), education (3.45 [95 % CI 0.93–5.97]). On multivariate analysis, the following were significantly associated with maternal-fetal attachment scores: information sharing (8.67 [95 % CI 4.74 - 12.60]), sufficient time (-2.34 [95 % CI -3.45 - -1.24]), support and respect (8.49 [95 % CI 4.54 - 12.45]), maternal age < 19 years (-3.78 [-5.81 to -1.75]), and unmarried (2.55 [95 % CI 0.70 - 4.41]). ConclusionThe quality of prenatal care is correlated significantly with maternal-fetal attachment. Women valued the care given when it was individualized and the health workers were approachable in their ways and addressed their own particular needs. Combination of prenatal education and counselling tailored to address own particular emotional and social concerns of pregnant mothers are interventions that should be integrated in maternal care services.

O spolupráci krajských hygienických stanic s lékařskou veřejností

O spolupráci krajských hygienických stanic s lékařskou veřejností

THE STATUS AND SOME FACTORS RELATED TO SAFE IMMUNIZATION PRACTICE AT COMMUNAL-WARD ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS IN PHU YEN PROVINCE IN 2022

Vaccines are preparations containing antigens that are introduced into the body to create an immune response. Therefore, the review of safe vaccination practice (TCAT) in immunization sessions at commune and ward health stations and some related factors is a very necessary and urgent issue to improve the quality of vaccination. Cross-sectional descriptive study design at 20 health stations of Phu Yen province. Results: 100% of health stations meet TCAT requirements during vaccination sessions ; 85.1% of children were trained in the satisfactory injection procedure, the reception and screening procedures and the post-injection follow-up met the requirements of 82.9% and 83.4%, respectively. There are 73.1% of children who have successfully practiced the pre-vaccination counseling process. The analysis results show that a number of factors are related to TCAT implementation, such as staff in charge of the expanded immunization program, medical qualifications, and doctors' qualifications . Besides, injection team with satisfactory general knowledge performed TCAT better than injection team with unsatisfactory general knowledge. Therefore, strengthen supervision and professional training related to vaccination practices of health workers.

Study protocol for type II hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial of strategies for depression care task-sharing in community health stations in Vietnam: DEP Project

BackgroundIt is not clear what the most effective implementation strategies are for supporting the enactment and sustainment of depression care services in primary care settings. This type-II Hybrid Implementation-Effectiveness study will compare the effectiveness of three system-level strategies for implementing depression care programs at 36 community health stations (CHSs) across 2 provinces in Vietnam.MethodsIn this cluster-randomized controlled trial, CHSs will be randomly assigned to one of three implementation conditions: (1) Usual Implementation (UI), which consists of training workshops and toolkits; (2) Enhanced Supervision (ES), which includes UI combined with bi-weekly/monthly supervision; and (3) Community-Engaged Learning Collaborative (CELC), which includes all components of ES, combined with bi-monthly province-wide learning collaborative meetings, during which cross-site learning and continuous quality improvement (QI) strategies are implemented to achieve better implementation outcomes. The primary outcome will be measured based on the RE-AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation quality, and Maintenance) using indicators on implementation, provider, and client factors. The secondary outcome examines factors associated with barriers and facilitators of quality implementation, while the tertiary outcome evaluates the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of services provided in the ES and CELC conditions, relative to UI condition for depression care. A total of 1,296 clients receiving depression care at CHSs will be surveyed at baseline and 6-month follow-up to assess mental health and psychosocial outcomes (e.g., depression and anxiety severity, health function, quality of life). Additionally, 180 CHS staff and 180 non-CHS staff will complete pre- and post-training evaluation and surveys at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months.DiscussionWe hypothesize that the additional implementation supports will make mental health service implementation superior in the ES and CELC arms compared to the UI arm. The findings of this project could identify effective implementation models and assess the added value of specific QI strategies for implementing depression care in primary care settings in Vietnam, with implications and recommendations for other low- and middle-income settings. More importantly, this study will provide evidence for key stakeholders and policymakers to consider policies that disseminate, scale up, and advance quality mental health care in Vietnam.Trial registrationNCT04491045 on Clinicaltrials.gov. Registered July 29, 2020.

Assessment of availability, readiness, and challenges for scaling-up hypertension management services at primary healthcare facilities, Central Highland region, Vietnam, 2020

IntroductionVietnam aims for 95% of commune health stations (CHSs) to have functional hypertension management programs by 2025. However, limited resources may impede the Central Highland region health system from achieving this goal. We assessed the availability and readiness of hypertension management services at CHSs in the Central Highland region and identified challenges to facilitate evidence-based planning.MethodsWe used a mixed-methods cross-sectional design to assess hypertension management services using WHO’s service availability and readiness assessment (SARA) tools in all 579 CHSs in the region, combined with twenty in-depth interviews of hypertension program focal points at communal, district, and provincial levels in all four provinces. We descriptively analyzed quantitative data and thematically analyzed qualitative data.ResultsHypertension management services were available at 65% of CHSs, and the readiness of the services was 62%. The urban areas had higher availability and readiness indices in most domains (basic amenities, basic equipment, and essential medicines) compared to rural areas, except for staff and training. The qualitative results showed a lack of trained staff and ambiguity in national hypertension treatment guidelines, insufficient essential medicines supply mechanism, and low priority and funding limitations for the hypertension program.ConclusionThe overall availability and readiness for hypertension diagnosis and management service at CHSs in the Central Highland region were low, reflecting inadequate capacity of the primary healthcare facilities. Some measures to strengthen hypertension programs in the region might include increased financial support, ensuring a sufficient supply of basic medicines, and providing more specific treatment guidelines.

UTILIZING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TO ENHANCE THE CAPACITY AND EFFICIENCY OF CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASES IN HO CHI MINH CITY

A research and development study was conducted from September 2020 to April 2023 involving 9 hospitals, 24 district health centers and 319 commune health stations. The main objective of the study was to establish,refine, and update a system for controlling directly transmitted diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, as well as assess its practical implementation. Before the system update, the study identified limitations in disease surveillance, particularly in monitoring cases that were not examined or treated at hospitals. The existing reportingmechanisms also resulted in incomplete disease data, with subpar data quality due to delays and inadequate processing of reported cases. Considering the prevailing circumstances, management requirements and usage needs, the system underwent enhancements and integrated GIS capabilities. This allowed healthcare personnel to swiftly and accurately identify disease cases, determine contacts, establish epidemiological zones, tracetransmission chains, and monitor the implementation of control measures. The improved control system has been successfully implemented, ensuring effective management of community-based hand, foot, and mouth disease. Additionally, the system demonstrates the potential for broader applicability in managing other directly transmitted diseases.

The mental health of rural older adults: the role of the built environment in Jintang County.

The mental health of older adults has become one of the major health challenges facing society today, which has attracted wide concerns from scholars in urban areas, but research in rural areas has been neglected. Therefore, this paper took rural older adult residents of 11 sample villages in Jintang County, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, as the research object. After controlling the demographic characteristics of older adults in rural areas, this paper attempted to explore the effects of the rural built Environment on the mental health of older adults. Through field investigation in the sample villages, 515 valid questionnaires were obtained. The results from the Binary Logistic Regression Model show that good marital status, physical health, education level, well-constructed roads, and safe neighborhoods had significant positive effects on the mental health of rural older adults. Rural older adults who prefer to walk, cycle, and use public transport have better mental health, and accessibility to the periodic market, health station, bus station, village committee, supermarket, and the main road is positively correlated with the mental health of rural older adults, while the distance from home to the town center and coach terminal has a significant negative impact on the mental health of rural older adults. The research results provide a theoretical reference for further construction of rural aging environments.

The results of dementia care policy implementation in Eastern Taiwan

AbstractBackgroundHualien county locates in the eastern part of Taiwan is the biggest county but only 321,358 residents in Taiwan. There are 17.2% of the population over the age of 65, and the middle‐aged population migrated away for job‐seeking . Senile citizens’ health, especially dementia is a critical issue in this area.MethodMennonite Hospital Shoufeng Branch undertakes the Dementia Care Center Project of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, which sets up a one‐stop diagnostic and care service to people with dementia. Dementia Care Center provided caregivers with counseling for psychological support, home environmental improvement, problem solving skills for physical caring and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Case managers link and refer resources such as long‐term care resources, acute medical services, Day‐care center, psychiatric or neurological consultation from hospitals, NGO, or the government. In addition, we provide dementia awareness and health education for ordinary people, volunteers, polices, firefighters, teachers, and students in schools.Result1,245 people with dementia were enrolled, and according to CDR classification, Mild Cognitive Impairment (CDR = 0.5) accounted for 1%, mild(CDR = 1) 32%, moderate(CDR = 2) 43%, severe(CDR = 3) 17%.A total of 936 people with dementia were referred to care resources, the first five items of referral care and long‐term care resources are home services(23%), community care stations for dementia(18%), community health stations(11%), day care center (6%)and acute medical care(4%), and 88.3% were satisfied with family services. 6,590 people were educated in the community.ConclusionThe Dementia Care Center provides accessible care resources to help families with dementia in remote areas, the goal of aging in place of the dementia could be achieved.

Assessing the Operational Feasibility of Integrating Point-of-Care G6PD Testing into Plasmodium vivax Malaria Management in Vietnam.

Plasmodium vivax cases represent more than 50% of a diminishing malaria case load in Vietnam. Safe and effective radical cure strategies could support malaria elimination by 2030. This study investigated the operational feasibility of introducing point-of-care quantitative glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) testing into malaria case management practices. A prospective interventional study was conducted at nine district hospitals and commune health stations in Binh Phuoc and Gia Lai provinces in Vietnam over the period of October 2020 to October 2021. The STANDARD™ G6PD Test (SD Biosensor, Seoul, Republic of Korea) was incorporated to inform P. vivax case management. Case management data and patient and health care provider (HCP) perspectives, as well as detailed cost data were collected. The G6PD test results were interpreted correctly by HCP and the treatment algorithm was adhered to for the majority of patients. One HCP consistently ran the test incorrectly, which was identified during the monitoring and resulted in provision of refresher training and updating of training materials and patient retesting. There was wide acceptability of the intervention among patients and HCP albeit with opportunities to improve the counseling materials. Increasing the number of facilities to which the test was deployed and decreases in the malaria cases resulted in higher per patient cost for incorporating G6PD testing into the system. Commodity costs can be reduced by using the 10-unit kits compared to the 25 unit kits, particularly when the case loads are low. These results demonstrate intervention feasibility while also highlighting specific challenges for a country approaching malaria elimination.

Assessment of medical waste generation rate in Viet Nam.

This study was conducted to estimate medical wastes generation rates in Viet Nam. Within 3 years (from 2017 to 2019), total medical wastes generated daily of 1,737 health-care facilities at different levels from 19/63 provinces in Viet Nam were surveyed. The calculation was based on the median daily generation (in kg) of 6 medical waste groups and total actual patient beds in 9 health-care facility categories. Six medical waste groups were sharps, non-sharps, high-risk infectious, pathological, non-infectious hazardous, recyclable and non-recyclable wastes. Surveyed health-care facilities were categorized in central general hospitals, central specialist hospitals, provincial general hospitals, provincial specialist hospitals, district health centers, regional clinics, commune health stations, private hospitals and private clinics. The results showed that waste generation rates varied from 0.0009 to 1.619 kg/bed/day depends on type of medical wastes or health-care facilities. For no-patient-bed facilities (commune health stations and private clinics), medical waste generation rates of these two were calculated in kg/day and varied from 0.1 to 1.75 kg/day.

Private health insurance in the universal public healthcare system: The role of healthcare provision in Finland

Voluntary private health insurance (VPHI) has gained popularity in universal public healthcare systems. We studied how the local provision of healthcare services correlated with VPHI take-up in Finland. Nationwide register data from a Finnish insurance company was aggregated to the local level and augmented with high-quality data on public and private primary care providers’ geographical closeness and fees. We found that the sociodemographic characteristics explained the VPHI take-up more than public or private healthcare provision. The VPHI take-up was negatively associated with distance to the nearest private clinic, while the associations with distance to public health stations were statistically weak. Fees and co-payments for healthcare services were not associated with insurance take-up, meaning that the geographical closeness of providers explained the take-up more than the price of services. On the other hand, we found that VPHI take-up was higher when local employment, income and education levels were higher.

The current situation of community-based rehabilitation in commune health station of a district in Nghe An province

Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) has been proven effective for people with disabilities (PWDs) and their families, saving medical resources, and is particularly suitable for developing countries1,2. However, in Vietnam, due to the lack of facilities and CBR human resources, the rehabilitation needs of PWDs were not met. Thanh Chuong is a district that has implemented CBR activities at commune health stations for PWDs, in conjunction with the project on victims of the toxic chemical Dioxin. Several duties have been assigned to commune health workers as stated in the CBR program, yet commune health workers were not assigned specifically to do rehabilitation tasks. This study aims to describe the current status of CBR activities at commune health stations, in Thanh Chuong district, Nghe An Province in 2022. The study used a cross-sectional design, mixed methods were employed. The study was conducted from December 2021 to August 2022. Qualitative data are analyzed thematically. Participants were mainly female, about half of them aged 30-49 years old, most of them are nursing, and general medical staff and no staff had a rehabilitation background. The level of performance and confidence in performing the tasks were similar. Among the 8 tasks assigned to the commune health stations, 3 tasks have been performed in 38 communes at different levels including making management records, classifying PWDs, and reporting on transferring PWDs to higher levels. However, these activities are not carried out properly and sufficiently and there was no list of people with disabilities. It is necessary to review the list of CBR activities and have policies to support these activities at the grassroots level, especially to have a health worker in charge of CBR available to fully implement the program's activities, thus helping PWDs integrate into the community, and reducing caring burden or caregivers for PWDs.

Characteristics of traditional medicine human resources in some commune health facilities at Tra Cu District, Tra Vinh province

Objective: To survey characteristics of human resources for traditional medicine at commune medical facilities, Tra Cu district, Tra Vinh province in 2022.Research object and method: A cross-sectional descriptive study combining qualitative and quantitative research. Collecting data by retrospective method of secondary data from management software and statistical reports of 16 commune health stations and 01 health centers in Tra Cu district, Tra Vinh province. In-depth interviews with 22 medical professionals or in charge of traditional medicine, leaders of health stations. Research variables include: age characteristics, gender, ethnicity, professional qualifications, working time of traditional medicine doctors.Results: The total number of traditional medicine personnel of the commune health facilities in Tra Cu district is 330 people, the number of traditional medicine health workers only accounts for 6.6% (22 people). Male proportion accounted for 59.1%, naccounted for 40.9%. Traditional medicine human resources are mainly Kinh people (63.64%), of which 72.73% of health workers can use Khmer to communicate in medical examination and treatment. 63.63% of employees are between the ages of 30 and 50, 74.82% of employees have worked for more than 5 years and have university degrees, accounting for 54.54%. All medical staff are in charge of the main task of medical examination and treatment, including management staff, pharmaceutical activities and scientific research.Recommendation: Continue to train in traditional medicine human resources, increase the rate of undergraduate and graduate school, strive to have medical doctors at health stations. Constantly training to constantly update and improve knowledge in accordance with the local disease model.

Kết quả cung cấp dịch vụ y tế và một số yếu tố ảnh hưởng tại các Trạm Y tế xã, thị trấn của huyện Sông Lô, tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc giai đoạn 2019-2021

Objectives: Describe the results of the healthcare services expanded program on immunization (EPI), reproductive health, and influencing factors at 17 commune health stations (CHS) in Song Lo District, Vinh Phuc Province from 2019-2021. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study design applying mixed methods. Quantitative data was collected by reports of 17 CHS. Qualitative data were collected from 6 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with the Hospital manager and head doctors and 3 focus group discussions (FGDs) with the CHS manager and healthcare workers. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by thematic coding. Results: 17/17 CHS had well-performed EPI and reproductive health. The vaccination rate for the first and second Covid-19 was over 95%. In 2019-2021, The full immunization coverage for children under 1-year-old was over 95%; The percentage of women giving birth was managing pregnancy, tetanus vaccination, and medical staff support high (&gt;99%). Healthcare provided by CHS was not sufficient. 3/17 CHS had not performed 8 basic healthcare services. 17 CHS performed 80,9-87,1% of the medicines from the model lists of essential medicines. 5/17 CHS performed under 70% of the registered technical procedures. Qualitative data showed that factors positively influenced the results of healthcare services were: effective supervision and monitoring. Whereas, factors negatively affected the results of healthcare services were: the lack of human resources; staff training; the lack of finance, the lack of money for healthcare workers; The lack of human resources, medicines, and medical equipment; The lack of policy of attracting high-quality human resources. The covid-19 pandemic still sees complicated developments. It affected to health worker and the quality of healthcare provided. Recommendations: Song Lo medical center should continue to monitor, and assess CHS. The need for building technical capacity for the healthcare worker. It is essential to enhance financial resources for CHS and healthcare worker. Providing more human resources, especially specialists, pharmacists medicines. Providing more medicines, and medical equipment such as cardiovascular, tuberculosis drugs, echograph, and electrocardiogram,…especially for CHS. Providing midwives for those stations such as Tan Lap, Bach Luu, Phuong Khoan Nhu Thuy, Nhao Son, Tu Yen CHS. Keywords: Commune health station, healthcare, healthcare worker

Putting non-communicable disease data to work in Vietnam: an investigation of community health surveillance capacity

IntroductionDespite the public health system’s critical role in non-communicable disease (NCD) surveillance in Vietnam, limited evidence exists on the implementation of NCD surveillance activities within these systems and the need for capacity building across different system levels to meet expected NCD surveillance goals. This study aimed to evaluate the status of and describe factors affecting the implementation of NCD surveillance activities and to identify the NCD surveillance capacity building needs of the public health system in Vietnam.MethodsWe used a mixed-methods approach in four provinces, conducting self-completed surveys of staff from six Preventive Medicine Institutes (PHI), 53 Centres for Disease Control (CDC) and 148 commune health stations (CHS), as well as 14 in-depth interviews and 22 focus group discussions at four PHI, four CDC, and eight district health centres and CHS.ResultsStudy findings highlighted that although Vietnam has a well-functioning NCD surveillance system, a number of quality issues related to NCD surveillance data were salient. Multifactorial reasons were identified for incomplete, unconfirmed, and inaccurate mortality data and current disease surveillance data. Data on NCD management and treatment were reported to be of better quality than data for screening, targeted treatment, and counselling communication. Main factors affected the effective implementation of NCD surveillance, namely lack of complete and specific guidelines for NCD surveillance, limitations in human resource capacity within NCD departments, and shortage of funding for NCD surveillance activities.ConclusionStudy findings provide practical strategies for strengthening health system capacity for NCD surveillance through developing policies, guidelines, and standardised tools to guide NCD surveillance and a road map for integrated NCD surveillance, developing training packages and manuals for all levels of the health system, and conducting utilisation-focused surveillance training programs.