Health Manpower Training Research Articles

The Political Economy of Federal Health Programs in the United States: An Historical Review

In the 1960s the federal government of the United States added a wide range of new health programs--Medicare, Medicaid, health manpower training, occupational safety, and others--to its long-established support for biomedical research and hospital construction. Total federal health outlays rose from $5 billion in 1965 to almost $37 billion in 1975. This paper describes the legislative history of federal health programs and reports the recent trends in expenditures by functional category. The expenditures of major programs are related to the populations they serve and data are presented to document the enormous inflow of resources to medical care during the last 10 years. This inflow has been induced by the structural changes in the medical care market first set in motion by private health insurance, and accelerated by the new federal programs. Designing some way to control it is a major problem in health policy for the late 1970s.

Low-Cost Rural Health Care and Health Manpower Training. Low-Cost Rural Health Care and Health Manpower Training. Low-Cost Rural Health Care and Health Manpower Training.

Low-Cost Rural Health Care and Health Manpower Training. Low-Cost Rural Health Care and Health Manpower Training. Low-Cost Rural Health Care and Health Manpower Training.

Low-Cost Rural Health Care and Health Manpower Training: An Annotated Bibliography with Special Empahsis on Developing Countries. International Development Research Centre. Vol. 1, compiled by Shahid Akhtar, 1975

Low-Cost Rural Health Care and Health Manpower Training: An Annotated Bibliography with Special Empahsis on Developing Countries. International Development Research Centre. Vol. 1, compiled by Shahid Akhtar, 1975

Health services research for decision-makers: the use of the Delphi technique to determine health priorities.

In an effort to make health manpower training programs and health services research and policy analysis activities more responsive to health care needs in Washington State, a Delphi process was used to obtain perceptions of critical health problems from knowledgeable persons in the health services field. The technique revealed a reasonable agreement among respondents that the following items, in order of priority, were the ten most important problems facing the citizens of Washington State.

A century of scientific progress.

Preface The exploration of science as it relates to dental health has placed the profession in a unique position as it enters the 21st century. Periodontal disease and dental caries are now well understood, enabling technological advances in prevention and cure. As genomic research unfolds, dental scientists can begin to explore the pathologies of craniofacial diseases and their genetic underpinning. Their goal is to understand the genetic markers and use them in preemptive therapy to eliminate future disease patterns. Looking back at the 20th century, three areas stand out as turning points in our scientifi c evolution. The fi rst centered on the physiology of saliva, without which existence becomes tenuous. The addition of the fl uoride ion to drinking water necessitated the need for research of the saliva and the oral tissues involved in this genuine public health triumph. The second focused on the microbiology and immunology of periodontal disease, which led to better treatment and prevention. Third, dental education served as the foundation upon which the fi rst two areas were built. The solid university training for dental scientists and clinicians became the basis for modern dentistry’s success in this century. In 1926, the Carnegie Foundation published A Survey of Dental Education in the United States and Canada, Bulletin Number Nineteen, written by Dr. William John Gies. The new era of dental education that began after this publication slowly evolved over the century into a new paradigm. Several selected examples are presented herein to show some of the major areas in research and education that are keys to understanding how this revolution occurred. Included are exemplars Drs. Gies and Alfred LeRoy Johnson, as well as the university settings that made their successes possible. Government funding played an important role as well, with the birth of the National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR) in 1947, presently known as the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR). Government monies for new school construction in 1963 (Health Professions Educational Assistance Act) and 1971 (Comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act) also helped change the environment and opportunities available to the new cohort of dental scientists, whose education was fi nanced through the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, also known as the GI Bill. Politicians realized that good dental health was needed for the nation’s overall well-being.1

Book Review: Low Cost Rural Health Care and Health Manpower Training

Book Review: Low Cost Rural Health Care and Health Manpower Training

The training of new health manpower.

The training of new health manpower.

The effects of inflation on federal health spending.

This paper examines the effects of inflation on the expenditures made by federal health programs, in total and by functional category. Over the period 1969-74, a total increase of more than 90 per cent in federal dollars was required to support real growth of 44 per cent. Federally financed service programs, like Medicare and Medicaid, and health manpower training programs made particularly large gains, while construction support for health care facilities lost substantially in real terms. Health research and prevention and control programs made more moderate real gains-25 and 29 per cent, respectively, over the period. Comparison of inflation rates in the health sector and in the economy generally suggest that there are important inflationary forces specific to that sector; policies to stem general inflation cannot be expected to solve the problem of health sector inflation.

Political Affiliation and the

During the past spring, the American medical community awaited with great interest the announcement of the appointment of several positions in the federal offices for health affairs: among these were the Director of the National Institutes of Health, the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration, the Director of the new Bureau of Health Resources, and the Director of the newly rearranged Health Services Bureau. To several observers it seemed possible that the announcements of these appointments were to some degree delayed by the public disclosures linked to what has been termed, the Watergate Affair. A question has been raised as to why so many offices in the health field—primarily concerned with biomedical science, with health education and manpower training, and with the delivery of health services—should depend so directly on the varying degrees of fortune of a political administration? One of the answers to this question may be that

Comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act of 1971: An Update of Federal Support of Pharmacy Education

Comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act of 1971: An Update of Federal Support of Pharmacy Education

A tribute to Margaret G. Arnstein (1904-1972).

A tribute to Margaret G. Arnstein (1904-1972). M E WegmanCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.63.2.97 Published Online: August 29, 2011

The comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act of 1971–what it means to health professions schools

The comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act of 1971–what it means to health professions schools

Health Manpower Training: Funding Levels at Issue

Health Manpower Training: Funding Levels at Issue

International Health—Getting Together

International health has been characterized by fragmentation. Disenchantment with service roles has grown with recognition of the futility of efforts to apply limited resources to almost infinite needs. As both private and public contributions to international health have dwindled, it has become apparent that imagination will be required to sort out and tackle essential issues. Training of health manpower and development of educational resources appropriate to the needs of developing countries will be among the most important of these. Concern has been common among people working in international health that no orderly mechanism has existed by which information could be shared or cooperative efforts developed among the many and varied organizations working toward ill-defined but presumably common goals. A Task Force for International Health was formed in 1970 at the invitation of the American Medical Association to look at the problems of international health in their broadest terms, to examine

The Effects of Prolactin and Divalent Ions On the Permeability to Water of Fundulus Kansae

ABSTRACT Measurements have been made of the rate of exchange of tritiated water in both intact and hypophysectomized Fundulus kansae in a variety of media. Hypophysectomy reduces the rate of exchange in fresh water. Low doses (30 mu) of ovine prolactin stimulate water turnover in hypophysectomized fish in fresh water. The rate of exchange declines in both intact and hypophysectomized animals with increasing salinity. Experiments with synthetic solutions show that the decline in the rate of exchange in sea water and in higher salinities is due mainly to the effects of calcium ions. Fishes maintained in synthetic sea water containing a low concentration of calcium have both a higher rate of exchange of tritiated water and a higher drinking rate than fish in normal sea water. Supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant GB 7200, and by Biomedical Support Grant Fr-07053 from the General Research Support Branch, Division of Research Resources, Bureau of Health Professional Education and Manpower Training, National Institutes of Health. Visiting Professor, Zoology Department, University of Missouri, Columbia. Professor Potts’s travel and research was supported by the Faculty Improvement Programme. Prolactin (NIH-P-S9) was generously supplied by the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases.

THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND DENTISTRY

Journal of Public Health DentistryVolume 30, Issue 3 p. 195-197 THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND DENTISTRY Robert M. O'Shea Ph.D., Department of Behavioral Science, School of Dentistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3288 Main Street, Buffalo, New York, 14214.Search for more papers by this authorLois K. Cohen Ph.D., Chief, Applied Behavioral Studies, Division of Dental Health, Bureau of Health Professions Education and Manpower Training, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20014.Search for more papers by this author Robert M. O'Shea Ph.D., Department of Behavioral Science, School of Dentistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3288 Main Street, Buffalo, New York, 14214.Search for more papers by this authorLois K. Cohen Ph.D., Chief, Applied Behavioral Studies, Division of Dental Health, Bureau of Health Professions Education and Manpower Training, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20014.Search for more papers by this author First published: September 1970 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.1970.tb00561.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume30, Issue3September 1970Pages 195-197 RelatedInformation

Correction Procedures in Three-Alternative Verbal-Discrimination Lists with Intertriad Associations

Intertriad associative relationships were varied in three-alternative verbal-discrimination lists, using either specific correction (the word itself) or outcome correction ('right,' 'wrong'). All of the associative lists were learned faster with outcome-correction feedback than was the control list, in which there were no interpair associates (NA list); but with specificcorrection feedback, only the list in which both associates were right (AR list) was learned faster. The facilitation with outcome correction is attributed to a change in the chance level of guessing for the lists in which both associates were wrong (AW list) or in which the associates were both right and wrong in different pairs (AB list), and to a summation of rehearsal and implicit response in the AR list. The failure to find interference with specific correction for the AW and AB lists seemed to be a result of the ceiling effect that occurred because of the slow presentation rates. Verbal-discrimination learning has recently been explained in term of the subject's ability to distinguish between the past frequency of experience of the right (R) and wrong (W) members of each pair.1 It was assumed that these differences in experience were acquired through four types of events which contributed one 'frequency unit' each time they occurred during the course of learning. These events were the act of perceiving an item, or the representational response; the choice or pronunciation response during anticipation; the rehearsal of the correct response during the feedback interval; and the implicit associative response. The rehearsal response was seen as the event initially shifting the frequency of experience in favor of the R term, because the representational and Received for publication May 18, 1970. The investigation was supported by Biomedical Sciences Support Grant Fr-07053 from the General Research Support Branch, Division of Research Resources, Bureau of Health Professions Education and Manpower Training, National Institutes of Health. 1 B. R. Ekstrand, W. P. Wallace, and B. J. Underwood, A frequency theory of verbal-discrimination learning, Psychol. Rev., 73, 1966, 566-578.

476. U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bureau of Health Proffessions Education and Manpower Training, Division of Nursing

476. U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bureau of Health Proffessions Education and Manpower Training, Division of Nursing

SOURCE BOOK FOR COMMUNITY PLANNING FOR NURSING IN SOUTH DAKOTA

Bethesda, Md., Division of Nursing. Bureau of Health Professions Education and Manpower Training, U. S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare

THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND DENTISTRY

Journal of Public Health DentistryVolume 29, Issue 4 p. 254-256 THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND DENTISTRY Robert M. O'Shea Ph.D., Robert M. O'Shea Ph.D. Department of Behavioral Science, School of Dentistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3288 Main Street, Buffalo, New York, 14214.Search for more papers by this authorLois K. Cohen Ph.D., Lois K. Cohen Ph.D. Chief, Applied Behavioral Studies, Community Programs Branch, Division of Dental Health, Bureau of Health Professions Education and Manpower Training, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 8120 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland, 20014.Search for more papers by this author Robert M. O'Shea Ph.D., Robert M. O'Shea Ph.D. Department of Behavioral Science, School of Dentistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3288 Main Street, Buffalo, New York, 14214.Search for more papers by this authorLois K. Cohen Ph.D., Lois K. Cohen Ph.D. Chief, Applied Behavioral Studies, Community Programs Branch, Division of Dental Health, Bureau of Health Professions Education and Manpower Training, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 8120 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland, 20014.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1969 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.1969.tb00524.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume29, Issue4December 1969Pages 254-256 RelatedInformation