Health Functional Food Research Articles

What to Be Considered in Establishing the System for the Sale of Personalized Health Functional Foods

What to Be Considered in Establishing the System for the Sale of Personalized Health Functional Foods

Mulberry leaf polysaccharide extracted by response surface methodolog suppresses the proliferation, invasion and migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells

Breast cancer with highly heterogeneous characteristics is the main cause of cancer deaths in women all over the world. Chemotherapy-assisted diet therapy has become an effective way to improve the quality of life of cancer patients. Currently numerous dietary components have been found to inhibit the molecular events and signalling pathways associated with various stages of breast cancer development, but the dietary components extraction and its regulation mechanism were long-term and complex. In this study, low-temperature ultrasonic-assisted method was used to extract MLP, and through employing the Design-Expert software, the optimal conditions for MLP extraction were ultrasonic power 179.34 W, ultrasonic time 13.92 min, and ratio (v/w, mL/g) of water to raw material 23.55. Subsequent experiments evaluated the antioxidant activity of mulberry leaf polysaccharide and found that it has obvious ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals. Interestingly, the extracted MLP could inhibit the cell viability, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro. Therefore, we suggested MLP could been used as an antioxidant supplement that contains these micronutrients for cancer patients or used to develop anti-oxidant functional health food for breast cancer patients.

Barley Sprout Water Extract and Saponarin Mitigate Triacylglycerol Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

The mechanisms of action responsible for the reported hypolipidemic activity of barley sprouts have yet to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to compare the content of saponarin (the sole flavonoid present in barley sprout leaves), hypolipidemic activity between barley sprout water extract (BSW) and barley sprout ethanol extract (BSE), and the associated relevance to hypolipidemic activity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. BSW elicited superior antiadipogenic effects when compared with BSE in MDI mixture [IBMX 0.5 mM + dexamethasone 1 μM + insulin 1 μg/mL]-treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. BSW attenuated MDI-mediated triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation by inhibiting fatty acid synthase (FAS). FAS protein expression was markedly and dose dependently attenuated by BSW, with higher doses suppressing expression to a level equivalent to the controls. BSW also significantly attenuated MDI-mediated increases in the expression of genes involved in TAG synthesis as well as FAS in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that BSW contains more than four times more saponarin than BSE. Further investigation of saponarin-mediated hypotriacylglycerolemic activity and related gene expression revealed that saponarin significantly inhibited TAG accumulation, which was attributed to reductions in TAG synthesis-related gene expression. Taken together, these findings provide a basis for further development of barley sprout extract for functional health food purposes.

A Study on the Human Panel Test of Health Functional Food

A health functional food is a product that has different functions from pharmaceuticals, and is a kind of food manufactured using raw materials or ingredients with useful functionalities for the human body. Scientific evidence is needed as to whether these health functional foods are functioning properly, such as maintaining or improving the actual health function or reducing the risk of disease, and whether they are safe for the human body. The process carried out to verify the functionality and safety of health functional foods is the human panel(application) test. Compared to the public s high interest in food safety, the safety of health functional food appears to have remained relatively outside the public s interest. So, the public s awareness of the significance and importance of human panel tests to confirm the safety or functionality of health functional foods seems to be lacking. As a result, acts or statutes to regulate human panel test of health functional foods have not been properly enacted, and the ｢Guideline for Human Panel Test Design｣ issued by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety is only serving as a guideline. Health functional food has a character that is located halfway between foods and medicinal products(pharmaceuticals) in that it helps to maintain or promote functions beneficial to health. Accordingly, the legal discussion on human panel test of health functional food starts with deciding whether to classify health functional food as food or medicinal product. This is because, depending on the classification of food or medicinal product, the basic orientation or regulatory intensity for the legal regulation of human panel test is determined. In Korea, health functional foods are classified as food and do not require approval from the Minister of Food and Drug Safety to conduct human panel tests. But, it is designed to comply with the International Committee for Harmonization of Pharmaceutical Regulations - Good Clinical Practice of medicinal products or medical devices. However, in the case of health functional food, it cannot be treated in the same way as medicinal products in terms of hazard or risk to the human body. Ignoring each characteristic of health care products and uniformly applying clinical trial principles and ICH-GCP with the highest regulatory intensity can ultimately act as a factor hindering the development of the food industry. In short, in the human panel test of health functional food, a legal standard that is relaxed compared to the stringent ICH-GCP should be prepared separately. For example, in the case of human panel tests, it is necessary to improve the legal and institutional dimensions, such as differentiating clinical trial principles and/or GCP by reflecting the characteristics of health functional food, and simplifying the process of clinical trial conducts. On the other hand, the legal rules for the safety and protection of subjects will not be fundamentally different from clinical trials of medicinal products. The purpose of this study is to prepare a forum for a intensive discussion on human panel test of health functional foods, which has not received much attention in the field of law. To this end, we first examine the significance and procedure of human panel tests for health functional foods, analyze the current legal regulations on human panel tests and their limitations, and then conduct a comparative review of each country s human panel test system. Based on the derived various implications, we present a legal improvement plan for human panel test of health functional foods.

Medical foods in USA at a glance

• Medical food is a specific class of functional foods • There is a clear definition of medical food by the US FDA • It has distinct differences from dietary supplements and conventional foods Increasing interest in attaining an optimal health have longstanding and are imperative for consumers, medical and health researchers and functional food scientists and producers among others. Functional food is defined as foods that have a biological function with a very broad range of coverage including natural and conventional foods with reported bioactivities, dietary supplements and medical foods. Its concept is inclusively broad and ambiguous. Medical food is a specific class of functional foods with clear definition and limited coverage to guarantee its integrity. This review introduced the definition of medical food by the US Food and Drug Administration, intended to clarify the differences among medical food, dietary supplements and conventional foods, and listed some examples of medical food products developed in the US.

The Mechanism of Anti-inflammation Effects of Propolis Components in Raw264.7 Macrophage Cell

The study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of propolis components on Raw264.7 macrophage cells. There were nine representative propolis components selected such as pinocembrin, quercetin, chrysin, naringin, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid and CAPE. The cell cytotoxicity evaluation of diluted propolis components was determined by EZ-cytox cell viability assay. The anti-inflammation factors of propolis components were determined by confirming NO levels. All propolis components were able to decrease the generation of NO by LPS stimulation as inflammation inducer. However, quercetin, chrysin and CAPE components were significantly decreased the generation of NO and have synergistic effects for inflammation response. The expression of iNOS as inflammatory protein, IL-1β as representative cytokine and NF-κB as immune signaling molecule was evaluated using Western blotting. Quercetin, chrysin and CAPE involving inflammation response reduction play different role protein in expression in the cells. The results showed that propolis components have anti-inflammatory effects on Raw264.7 and each component may be related to immune-regulation. Thus, each propolis component may be used as a source of health-functional food materials for anti-inflammation response.

Real-time analysis and predictability of the health functional food market using big data

This study conducted a real-time analysis of the health functional food market using big data. To assess the scope of big data in market analysis, big data of the health food category were compared and analyzed with actual market data. Data were first collected using a program to obtain data, through application programming interfaces, followed by SPSS to compare and analyze the actual market index and shopping search word data. The correlation between the online search data and the actual market was high, indicating that online search data can be used to predict the trend of the actual market. Various types of data, such as items and major functional ingredients, can be collected and analyzed through the program developed for this study, which is also used to predict the market trend. The results demonstrate how APIs can be used to predict market size in the food industry effectively.

Preventive Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus JL1 on Food-Borne Obesity in Mice.

Probiotics can prevent obesity and related metabolic complications. In our study, the protective effect and molecular mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus JL1 (separated from the feces of healthy infants) on high-fat diet mice were investigated. After 10 weeks of dietary intervention with L. rhamnosus JL1 intervention, the body weight of the JL1 group (23.78 g) was significantly lower than that of the HFD group (26.59 g, p < 0.05) and the liver index was reduced. Serum biochemical analysis showed that the TC, TG and LDL-C contents of JL1 group mice were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Histological images of the mice livers showed that the degree of lipid action and damage of hepatic cells were improved. L. rhamnosus JL1 activated the AMPK pathway, and reduced the gene expression of PPAR-γ, LXR-α and SREBP-1C. In addition, the protein expression of PPAR-γ and LXR-α were reduced. After dietary intervention with L. rhamnosus JL1, the concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were increased significantly, especially the concentration of butyric acid, which was 63.16% higher than that of the HFD group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study provided a theoretical reference for the development and application of probiotics derived from healthy infant feces in health products and functional foods.

Safety Assessment of Endocrine Disruption by Menopausal Health Functional Ingredients

During menopause, women experience various symptoms including hot flashes, mood changes, insomnia, and sweating. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used as the main treatment for menopausal symptoms; however, other options are required for women with medical contraindications or without preference for HRT. Functional health foods are easily available options for relieving menopausal symptoms. There are growing concerns regarding menopausal functional health foods because the majority of them include phytoestrogens which have the effect of endocrine disruption. Phytoestrogens may cause not only hormonal imbalance or disruption of the normal biological function of the organ systems, but also uterine cancer or breast cancer if absorbed and accumulated in the body for a long period of time, depending on the estrogen receptor binding capacity. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects and safety of menopausal functional health ingredients and medicines on the human body as endocrine disruptors under review in the literature and the OECD guidelines.

건조방법에 따른 사과꽃 5종의 항산화 활성 및 HPLC를 활용한 정성·정량분석

The present study comprised a comparison of the effectiveness of hot air drying versus freeze drying to determine the antioxidant activities of five types of apple blossoms-i.e., from apple varieties ‘Hongno’, ‘Aori’, ‘Fuji’, ‘Jonathan’, and ‘Myanmar’. Comparisons were made between the total polyphenol content, the total flavonoid content, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging ability, and the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) activity of each type of apple blossom. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out on 11 phenolic substances (caffeic, cinnamic, m-coumaric, p-coumaric, ferulic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, salicylic, sinapic, syringic, vanillic, and gallic acids) and six flavonoid substances (apigenin, isoquercitrin, luteolin, quercetin, quercitrin, and rutin) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Freeze-drying resulted in total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical-scavenging ability, FRAP activity, phenolic acid substances content, and flavonoids content values that were 3.6, 2.7, 3.8, 3.4, 2.4, and 5.7 times higher, respectively, than those resulting from hot air drying. However, hot air drying resulted in higher content values among the following phenolic acids: gallic, sinapic, and ferulic acid. The freeze-dried ‘Aori’ apple blossoms exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, phenolic acid content, and flavonoid content. They had total polyphenol content of 500.6 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content of 123.8 mg QE/g, DPPH radical-scavenging ability of 83.3%, FRAP activity of 117.4 mg TE/g, total content of the 11 phenolic acid substances of 737.9 mg/kg, and total content of the 6 flavonoid substances of 105.8 mg/kg. Therefore, among five types of blossoms investigated in the present study, freeze-dried ‘Aori’ apple blossom was the most suitable for use as natural antioxidant materials, such as functional health foods and cosmetics.

Construction of a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) double emulsion system based on oyster peptides and characterisation of freeze‐dried products

AbstractIn order to broaden the range of applications for oyster peptides in the food field, the amino acid composition of oyster peptide was analysed, after which the peptide sequence was identified using liquid‐mass spectrometry technology. A W1/O/W2 double emulsion was prepared by the two‐step shear emulsification method. The W1/O/W2 double emulsion was further freeze‐dried after addition of alginate to obtain the final product, and the characteristics of the related product were analysed. The results show that oyster peptides are mainly composed of short peptides with molecular weights between 459.3 Da and 2716.3 Da. Polyglycerol polyrinoleate (PGPR) was selected as the emulsifier and added at 5% of the mass of the oil phase. The mass ratio of the oil phase to the water phase was O:W = 6:4, and optimal stability of the W1/O emulsion was obtained by shearing and emulsifying for 2 min at 12 000 rpm. A superior W1/O/W2 double emulsion can be obtained by secondary emulsification in which the hydrophilic emulsifier Tween 80 was added at 0.8% (w/w) of the mass of the external water phase (W2). The mass ratio of the emulsion to the external water phase was 5:5. The lyophilised product has good re‐solubility, with the reconstituted emulsion maintaining the double‐emulsion structure. Electronic nose results showed that the peculiar smell of the reconstituted emulsion was significantly lower than that of the oyster peptide solution. The results of this research provide a reference for the development and application of oyster peptides in the field of functional health foods.

Standardized Edible Bird's Nest Extract Prevents UVB Irradiation-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Photoaging in the Skin.

We investigated whether standardized edible bird’s nest extract (BNE-PK) can prevent ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-mediated oxidative stress and photoaging in the skin using in vitro and in vivo models. BNE-PK increased skin hydration by hyaluronic acid synthesis and activation of ceramide synthase in UVB-irradiated hairless mice and HaCaT cells. Furthermore, BNE-PK suppressed melanogenesis by down-regulation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB/MITF/TRP-1/TRP-2/tyrosinase pathway in UVB-irradiated hairless mice and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-treated B16F10 cells. In UVB-irradiated hairless mice, BNE-PK attenuated the wrinkle formation-related JNK/c-FOS/c-Jun/MMP pathway and activated the TGF-βRI/SMAD3/pro-collagen type I pathway during UVB-mediated oxidative stress. Based on these findings, our data suggest that BNE-PK may potentially be used for the development of effective natural anti-photoaging functional foods for skin health.

Co-Fermentation by Lactobacillus brevis B7 Improves the Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Hydroponic Ginseng-Fortified Yogurt.

The development of convenient and accessible health-functional foods has become an area of increased interest in recent years. Probiotics, ginseng, and yogurts have been recognized as representative nutraceutical products. To improve the functionality of yogurts, co-fermentation was performed during yogurt preparation. Four kinds of yogurt were prepared using a combination of probiotic Lactobacillus brevis B7 and hydroponic ginseng based on plain yogurt. The fundamental characteristics of yogurts, including pH, titratable acidity, microbial counts, color, and physicochemical properties, were determined. To assess functionality, four different antioxidant assays and real-time PCR analysis using RAW 264.7 cells were performed. Finally, sensory evaluation was conducted to evaluate customer preference. Hydroponic ginseng supplementation influenced pH, solid content, lightness, and yellowness. However, probiotic supplementation did not affect most factors except pH. In functionality analysis, the yogurt co-fermented with probiotics and ginseng showed the highest antioxidant activity and gene expression levels of the immune-related factors TNF-α and iNOS in RAW 264.7 cells. Although ginseng supplementation received poor acceptance because of its color and flavor, these attempts were considered beneficial despite the risk. Overall, co-fermentation within a short yogurt preparation time presented the potential for improvement of functionality. These findings suggest a range of feasibility for the development of attractive nutraceutical products.

Flavan-3-ols Monomer and Oligomer, and Flavor Profiles of Chocolates Produced from Fermented Cocoa Beans under Different Roasting Degree in Taiwan

Taiwan cocoa beans were fermented in a wooden box by natural occurring microorganisms for seven days. Six types of chocolate were manufactured from the fermented cocoa beans under different roasting degree. The fermentation parameters including the count of microorganisms, fermenting mass temperature, pH value of the pulp and cotyledons of cocoa bean along with the fermentation time were determined. Furthermore, the flavan-3-ols monomer and oligomer (FMO) of chocolates were determined by normal phase HPLC and the volatile aroma compounds of the six types of chocolate were analyzed by electronic nose to identify the important flavors and odors. Primary component analysis (PCA) was performed to distinguish the flavor profiles among the chocolates. The sensory assessment was conducted to evaluate the organoleptic properties of the six types of chocolate and their overall acceptability. The results showed that the total amount of FMO and proanthocyanidins in the chocolate both decrease with the intensity of the roasting degree of cocoa beans. Twenty-three important volatile aroma compounds were identified by electronic nose analysis. Differences in the amount of each compound were determined in the investigated chocolate and these are expected to cause sensory differences among the six types of chocolate. As a result, chocolates produced from beans under medium roasting condition (130°C and 25min) rated the highest score of overall acceptability among the chocolates. It was significantly higher than those of chocolate produced from light roasting beans. On the other hand, chocolate produced from cocoa bean under light roasting degree was retained more content of the bioactive compounds and could be a potent candidate of health functional food. PCA was successful to discriminate the flavor profiles of the six types of chocolate produced from beans under different roasting degree and could be used as a tool to recognize the origin of chocolate product. These results of this study could provide an important approach for producing chocolate products with desired flavor properties and bioactive compounds that have positive benefits for human health.

Establishment and Validation of an Optimized Analytical Method for Ferrous Gluconic Acid in Health Functional Foods Using HPLC-ELSD and LC/MS

Establishment and Validation of an Optimized Analytical Method for Ferrous Gluconic Acid in Health Functional Foods Using HPLC-ELSD and LC/MS

Safety Assessment of Acer tegmentosum Maxim. Water Extract: General Toxicity Studies in Sprague-Dawley Rats and Beagle Dogs With Re-evaluation of Genotoxic Potentials.

Acer tegmentosum Maxim., commonly known as Manchurian stripe maple, is a deciduous tree belonging to the family of Aceraceae and has been traditionally used in folk medicine for its remedial effects in liver diseases and traumatic bleedings. With a growing body of experimental evidence for its pharmacological efficacies, such as neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, A. tegmentosum has gradually gained popularity as a health supplement and functional food. However, the large part of essential toxicity information still remained lacking despite the possibility of mutagenic potentials as previously suggested, posing safety concerns for human consumption. In this study, we evaluated 90-day repeated oral toxicity of A. tegmentosum Maxim. water extract (ATWE) in SD rats with acute toxicity assessment in beagle dogs, and reevaluated genotoxicity using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays. During the oral study period, ATWE did not cause toxicity-related clinical signs and mortality in rodents without adverse effects observed in the analysis of hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology, establishing >5,000 mg/kg BW as the NOAEL. In addition, doses up to 5,000 mg/kg BW did not cause acute toxicity in beagle dogs. When assessed for genotoxicity using bacterial reverse mutation, chromosome aberration, and micronucleus formation, ATWE showed lack of mutagenicity and clastogenicity. These results demonstrated that AWTE was safe in the present preclinical study for systemic toxicity and genotoxicity at the tested doses, providing a guideline for safe use in humans.

오메가-3섭취와 유산소운동이 이상지질혈증군의 지질관련 혈액성분과 혈관나이에 미치는 영향

This study was conducted for the purpose of examining the effect on lipid-related blood components and vascular age improvement according to the intake of health functional food omega-3 during aerobic exercise in this direct dyslipidemia group. The study subjects were 20 men and women aged 30-49 years who had at least one abnormal finding among the diagnostic criteria for dyslipidemia and 10 people in the intake group T.G (take group) who combined omega-3 intake and aerobic exercise and 10 people in the non-take group N.G (not take group) who only perform aerobic exercise were selected. As a result of the study, both groups were pre and post lipid-related blood components TG (p<.01<SUP>**</SUP>, p<.001<SUP>***</SUP>), LDL-C (p<.01<SUP>**</SUP>, p<.05<SUP>*</SUP><SUP></SUP>), HDL -C (p<.05<SUP>*</SUP>) showed a significant difference, and the vascular age APG also showed a significant difference (p<.001<SUP>***</SUP>, p<.01<SUP>**</SUP>). There was no significant difference in the effect of lipid-related blood components and vascular age in the improvement effect difference between the two groups (p>.05). Overall, T.G showed positive results on average than N.G, but there was no statistically significant difference in effect. Therefore, when the dyslipidemia group performed aerobic exercise, it was concluded that the concurrent intake of omega-3 could help improve lipid-related blood components and vascular age, but there was no statistically significant difference in effect compared with non-consumption.

An anti-cancer effect of Sambou bamboo saltTM in melanoma skin cancer both in vivo and in vitro models.

Bamboo salt has anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, diabetics, anti-aging, and immune-enhancing effects, which are closely related to anti-cancer effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of Sambou bamboo saltTM (SBS) in melanoma skin cancer in vivo and in vitro models. SBS-administered mice effectively reduced tumor growth and increased survival rate compared with B16F10 cell-inoculated mice without tissue damage, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. SBS enhanced levels of immune-enhancing mediators, such as interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IgE in serum and melanoma tissues. Furthermore, SBS enhanced activities of caspases and levels of Bax and p53, whereas decreased levels of Bcl-2. This reduction was a consequence of apoptosis signaling pathway. In conclusion, these results suggest that SBS is a potential substance for cancer therapy. SBS has the potential to be developed either as Korean traditional medicine or as a health functional food for cancer therapy. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In these days cancer is one of the world's largest health problems. Bamboo salt is used as a Korean traditional food or medicine and has beneficial effect on inflammation. We have identified Sambou bamboo saltTM (SBS) is a potential substance for cancer therapy. These insights suggest that SBS can potentially be utilized for health functional foods for cancer treatment as well as improve various cancer diseases such as melanoma skin cancer.

고려엉겅퀴 묵나물 추출물의 면역활성 증진 효과

Immune stimulation has emerged as a novel strategy for improving the immune system of the body. Research attention has been focused on identification of natural and dietary substances that can potentially improve immune activity, with fewer side effects than those of chemical substances. Cirsium setidens Nakai, also called ‘gondre,’ is a perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family and grows only in Korea. It has alternate leaves and leafy edges, and its tip is pointed. The leaf is somewhat broader, and the flower is purple from July to October. It is used in the treatment of inflammation, edema, and hypertension. Various physiological activities of raw C. setidens Nakai aerial part extracts have been reported recently. Here, we evaluated the antioxidant activity and immune enhancement efficacy of extracts prepared from blanched and dried C. setidens Nakai in addition to their potential use in not only regular but also functional health food. The total phenolic compound content was five times higher in the extract prepared by freeze drying than in that prepared by blanching. However, production of nitric oxide and secretion of immunostimulating cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α were relatively higher in the extract prepared by blanching than in that prepared by drying. Overall, an immunostimulating effect was observed for the C. setidens Nakai aerial part extract prepared by blanching, confirming its potential as a functional health food ingredient.

Gastrodia elata blume ameliorates circadian rhythm disorder-induced mice memory impairment

Circadian rhythm disorder (CRD) in space flight can lead to memory impairment, performance decrements and adverse health outcomes, the main manifestations of which are circadian desynchronization, sleep loss and insomnia. Sleep deprivation (SD) provide the means to evaluate these effects and the risks associated with CRD on ground. Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB) has beneficial effects on the treatment of sleep disturbances and memory loss. Fresh GEB (FG), an unprocessed raw tuber of GEB, has been used as functional health food in Asian countries for a long time. However, the research report of FG to ameliorate memory impairment caused by insomnia or lack of sleep is meager. In this study, ICR male mice were sleep-deprived continuously and water extract of FG (WFG) was orally administrated (3 and 9 g/kg/d, i.g) during the SD process lasted for 25 days, except control and model groups gavage administration with water, positive control group with modafinil (MOD, 0.1 g/kg/d, i.g). We studied the effect of WFG on CRD-induced learning and memory impairment using a set of behavioral analyses including the object location recognition test (OLRT), novel object recognition test (NORT), and the passive avoidance test (PAT). In addition, oxidative stress parameters were assessed by measuring the malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) reactivity in serum and hippocampus. Our results revealed that SD decreased discrimination index (DI) in OLRT and NORT, with shorter latency into the dark chamber in PAT. Both WFG and MOD treatment can reverse these changes (P < 0.05). We concluded that WFG treatment improve CRD-induced learning and memory impairment and oxidative stress damage which makes FG a promising candidate as herbal health product of memory decline in CRD.