Health Care Sectors In Jordan Research Articles

HRM, institutional complementarities, and performance: The case of the Healthcare sector in Jordan

Building on the comparative capitalism literature, we aim to understand the impact of HRM practice on hospitals performance within the healthcare sector in Jordan, and the role of HRM in mitigating and overcoming systemic shortfalls. Two different surveys were distributed for both hospital and HR managers across all hospitals. Our findings indicate that certain HR practices are positively associated with performance, despite contextual challenges such as informal networks and cultural limitations that could undermine efficiency. We further tested the potential impact of HR complementarities on performance; nevertheless, the results did not significantly surpass the explanatory power of the individual HR practices. It might have been anticipated that mutually supportive bundles of practices might compensate for systemic weaknesses. However, it may be the case that players have devised solutions in other areas of managerial practice that may be more effective than HRM in compensating for systemic limitations. Our study also highlights that in oligopolistically structured markets, common in private healthcare systems, the effectiveness of HR practices may be less crucial for profitability, though this does not diminish their broader relevance for societal and community outcomes which are beyond the scope of this work.

When nurses become ill, are they able to identify the predictors of the quality of care they received?

<b>Background</b>: Nurses are the most qualified judges for quality of nursing care (QNC) because they have the greatest experience with standard care. It is vital to examine QNC from the perspective of nurses who have experience as hospitalized patients or as caregivers in order to perform an accurate assessment of the nursing care that is delivered to meet the needs of patients.<br /> <b>Aims</b>: To examine the predictors of QNC from the perspective of nurses as patients and/or as caregivers for hospitalized relatives.<br /> <b>Methods</b>: This study aimed a cross-sectional correlational design that utilized a convenience sample of 231 registered nurses recruited from eight hospitals in three health care sectors in Jordan. Data were collected using caring behaviors inventory, nurse professional competence scale, and using a single item rating scale that asked nurses to respond to the overall QNC.<br /> <b>Results</b>: The hierarchical multiple regression showed that QNC scores was predicted with a high variance (61%) explained. The strongest predictive contribution was from nursing competencies. Only 34% of the participants gave positive scores for the overall QNC, and their perception was moderately positive.<br /> <b>Conclusion</b>: It is necessary to examine QNC from the perspective of nurses who have experience as hospitalized patients or as caregivers.

Antecedents and consequences of relationship quality in pharmaceutical industries: A structural equation modelling approach.

This study aims to investigate the antecedents and consequences of relationship quality in the Jordanian pharmaceutical industry. A convenience sampling technique was used to select a representative sample of physicians working in the public healthcare sector in Jordan. Particularly, 500 questionnaires were distributed and 374 questionnaires were used in the analyses. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. Results revealed that the relationship quality was affected positively by the following antecedent variables (relational selling behavior, expertise, and ethical Relationship) while similarities had no significant effect on the relationship quality. The findings also revealed that the anticipation of future interaction between the physicians and medical representatives was affected positively by relationship quality. This study is the first that adequately examined the relationship quality and the anticipation of future interaction in the Jordanian pharmaceutical sector.

Knowledge, perceived barriers, and practices of oncology nurses regarding cancer pain management

Purpose: Effective cancer pain management involves significant knowledge and proficiency in pain assessment and recording. This study sought to assess nurses' knowledge, behaviors, and perceived impediments to managing cancer-related pain. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used. A convenience sample of 502 nurses working in three primary health care sectors in Jordan was selected to ensure national representation. To collect data, an English-language online Google Electronic Form was employed. Results: Nurses were 86.4% male and 51.4% between 21 and 35. Additionally, 578.8% of nurses were employed in the private sector. The mean knowledge score for cancer pain management was 6.48/14, indicating a knowledge gap in opioid rescue dose deficiency among nurses. According to 68.1% of nurses, the most frequently encountered patient-related hurdle was insufficient expertise in pain control. 75.3%, on the other hand, named insufficient staffing, and 74.7%, opioid regulations as significant health care system impediments. Private hospital nurses score significantly higher than nurses in other hospitals. The degree of expertise varied according to age and pain management training. For 56.8% of nurses, contacting a physician for an opioid prescription is the most delayed action. Conclusion: Knowledge gaps and impediments to successful cancer pain management were assessed. Additional training in cancer pain treatment is crucial, increasing coordination and communication between doctors and nurses. The survey data assist educators in developing educational techniques, and the least correctly answered answers might aid educators in identifying knowledge gaps.

Causes of workplace violence against medical staff as perceived by physicians and nurses in Jordanian public hospitals

PurposeWorkplace violence against medical staff has become an endemic problem in the healthcare sector in Jordan. This study investigates the perceived main causes of workplace violence (medical staff, administrative, patients, patient's escorts and legislative) against physicians and nurses in public hospitals.Design/methodology/approachA self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a convenient random sample of 334 physicians and nurses employed in Jordanian public hospitals. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used to answer questions and test hypotheses.FindingsFindings indicated that the practice of the causes of workplace violence behaviors assessed by the participants is at a moderate level in Jordanian public hospitals with a mean value of 3.26. The causes of violence were reported as most causative to least causative: patient escort (M = 3.60), legislative (M = 3.56), patients (M = 3.40), administrative (M = 3.16) and medical staff related (M = 2.74), respectively. Analysis showed statistical differences in the participants' attitudes toward the causes of workplace violence behaviors due to their gender, job title, education level, experience and income.Practical implicationsThis study has a significant practical contribution in providing information about the causes of workplace violence that will help health policymakers and hospital administrators to deter violence against medical staff. To reduce or eliminate the potential causes of violence, several actions can be taken, such as criminalizing violent behaviors, managing work pressure, staff shortages, developing comfortable and secure medical treatment settings, training the medical staff on aggression and stress management, and enhancing their communication skills with patients and their escorts. Findings also highlight the need for hospital management to develop protocols for reporting and dealing with workplace violence.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies in the Arab context that examines the causes of workplace violence against medical staff.

Online Communication Behaviors in Covid-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Influence of Internal Public Relations Practices and Employee Organization Relationships

Health organizations are increasingly looking for effective strategies for interaction and for maintaining long-term and mutually beneficial relationships with their employees. The growth of digital environments in particular, during Covid-19 Pandemic has offered a fresh avenue for employees to communicate with external publics through social media in crisis. During Covid 
 19 Pandemic, major healthcare sectors have been deeply impacted, nurses in Jordanian hospitals are suffering from a great challenge from their top management due to weak transparent communication and during a crisis, many reports nurses indicate that their organizations or leaders do not promote communication or the sharing of information and ideas. This represents the problem in which nurses do not have faith in the tolerance or benevolence of their managers. Jordanian hospitals reputation is increasingly questioned during the COVID-19 crisis (World Health Organization, 2020). This crisis involving Jordanian hospitals has resulted in declining nurses trust in the health care sector and their nurses more adversaries by sharing negative information about their hospitals on social media. ultimately turned into emergence of crisis communication in the healthcare sector and the decline of nurses’ support for their management. If the current trend persists, may likely lead to an unfavorable reputation for future of health care sector in Jordan. Taking this into consideration, the current paper expects to further explore and comprehend, employee's online communication behaviors during Covid-19 Pandemic in Jordanian public hospitals. This conceptual paper debates the antecedents that contribute across Jordanian nurses' motivation in online communication behaviors based on a comprehensive literature review. In particular, the paper elaborates on the proposed relationships between transparent communication, symmetrical communication employee organization relationships, and online communication behaviors. Based on the extended discussions of the proposed relationships, the paper also provides an effective framework for future public relations scholarship of understanding employees’ communication behaviors in online sitting. Therefore, identifying antecedents of employee communication behaviors is a very pertinent, timely initiative to restore employees trust and obtain their support during a crisis. This can be done by utilizing a specific mechanism to decrease threats in the public health sector and create positive results, such as positive employee communication behaviors.

The current quality criteria of MRI reports distributed to healthcare stakeholders in Jordan

Purpose Many international radiology societies, including American College of Radiologists (ACR), have established guidelines for optimum forms and contents of medical imaging reports to ensure high quality and to guarantee the satisfaction of both the referring physician and the patient. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the criteria of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports in Jordan according to the standards of the ACR. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was conducted in early January 2021 for two weeks. An invitation letter was sent to 85 MRI centers of various health-care sectors in Jordan to participate in the study. Each invitee was requested to send at least ten different MRI reports. The study used a questionnaire containing the checklist of the latest edition 2020 of ACR’s practice parameter to communicate the diagnostic imaging results and the demographic information of the participating MRI centers. Seven basic elements were assessed for content-related quality of MRI reports, which are administrative data, patient demographics, clinical history, imaging procedures, clinical symptoms, imaging observations and impressions. Statistical analyses were used to evaluate the data. Findings Forty-one MRI centers participated in the study with 386 different MRI exam reports. The majority (92%) of the reports were computer-generated. Free texted unstructured reports and head-structured reports had an almost equal percentage of around 40%. Exam and radiologist demography as well as exam findings criteria were 100% available in all reports. The percentage of exam conclusion, and exam description and techniques were 2% and 4.9%, respectively (N = 368). There was a positive association between computer-generated reports and the presence of picture archiving and communication systems (PACS)/health information systems r = 0.443. Originality/value Structured and free text unstructured reporting were the common types of MRI exam reports in Jordan. Handwriting exam reporting existed in few MRI centers, particularly in those that had no PACS and radiology information systems.

The Effect of Project Management Performance With the Roles of Project Risk Management: Evidence From ICT Projects in Public Healthcare Sectors in Jordan

Project management has grown rapidly in the last few decades in numerous developing countries, and is now commonly used in various fields: construction, agriculture, manufacturing, IT, telecommunications, education etc. The high value of effective project management was determined by the high occurrence of multi-sector projects. This study explored the mediatory impact of Project Risk Management (PRM) in the relationship among the ICT projects in the Jordanian health care field between Project Management Efficiency (PMP) and Project Progress (PS). The study targets 457 ICT workers in the Jordanian Health Minister (MOH). In addition, 208 ICT workers in the Ministry of Health of Jordan are sampled in this report. Likewise, to prevent an answer error, the sample is up to 400. 300 valid responses were obtained from the questionnaire administered (representing 75.0 percent response rate). In addition, the analysis evaluated the research hypothesis using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The findings showed the optimistic and statistically important impact of project management on project performance. Likewise, there were statistically significant positive effects on project risk management as a result of project management success. In addition, project risk management has major positive impacts on the performance of the project. The results indicate, in addition, that the relationship between project management efficiency and project success is mediated in part by project risk management. This study recommended that the greater implementation of the factors of project management contribute to greater project performance, which encourages clients (patients) in the Jordanian healthcare sector to remain in the ICT projects and recommend the industry to others. ICT ventures in Jordan's healthcare sector should therefore concentrate on setting a high level of satisfaction for customers to create positive customer contacts.

The Effect of Project Management Performance With the Roles of Project Risk Management: Evidence From ICT Projects in Public Healthcare Sectors in Jordan

The Effect of Project Management Performance With the Roles of Project Risk Management: Evidence From ICT Projects in Public Healthcare Sectors in Jordan

The role of transformational leadership in reengineering of marketing strategies within organizations

The current study aims at examining the role of transformational leadership in paving the way for well-built reengineering of marketing strategies within the healthcare sector in Jordan. Depending on a quantitative approach, 312 questionnaires were distributed to individuals within hospitals: 105 questionnaires – healthcare centers, 75 questionnaires – outpatient clinics, and 33 questionnaires – general medicine clinics in Jordan. The study results indicated as a start better employment of transformational leadership within hospitals compared to clinics and healthcare centers, which can be attributed to the size and capacity of the healthcare institution. The study also indicated an influence of transformational leadership in paving the way for reengineering of marketing strategies within the healthcare sector in Jordan attributed to all transformational leadership characteristics. Among these characteristics, it appeared that the most influential transformational leadership characteristic was “individualized consideration”, scoring a Beta value of 0.421. This meant that the individualized consideration that transformational leadership has can nurture creativity and innovation among individuals to use their talents, experiences, and skills to present new and novel approaches to managing the business. This individualized consideration helps manage the change approach that may appear within the reengineering process and cooperate with employees to embrace such change. The study recommended following transformational leadership as an approach within the organization to manage change and arm employees with a suitable leadership style that can prepare the environment for a well-prepared reengineering of marketing strategies.

Human Resource Management and Organisational Performance: The Mediating Role of Social Exchange

This study seeks to explore the impact of specific set of HRM practice on organisational performance in a Middle Eastern emerging market. It aims to examine the mediating role of social exchange within the healthcare sector in Jordan, which is presently reeling under pressure from the refugee crisis from Syria and neighbouring countries. Both, HR and hospital managers were targeted in all private and public hospitals through two separate questionnaires. We find, as predicted, that recruitment, training, and internal promoting from within have a positive and significant effect on performance. However, contrary to expectations, we found performance appraisal and rewards and benefits not linked with performance. Notably, whilst researchers argue that a better theoretical understanding of the mechanisms describing the relationship between HRM and performance should be developed, the results indicate that social exchange can play an essential role in explaining the HRM‐performance indirect relationship – a result that partly unlocks the elements of so‐called ‘black box’ in HR research. The theoretical and applied implications of these findings are explored.

The Linkage between Patient Satisfaction and Patient Loyalty: Evidence from Health Care Sector in Jordan

The Linkage between Patient Satisfaction and Patient Loyalty: Evidence from Health Care Sector in Jordan

Influence of pharmaceutical promotion on prescribers in Jordan.

Background Pharmaceutical promotion efforts should facilitate excellent quality patient care. However, there has been substantial debate about ethical principles related to pharmaceutical promotions. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate (i) attitudes toward pharmaceutical promotion among physicians in the private sector in Jordan, (ii) the impact of pharmaceutical promotion in influencing physicians' prescribing practices, and (iii) the prospect of academic detailing on this issue in Jordan. Setting The private health care sector in Jordan. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a sample of physicians from the private health sector in Jordan during the period from December 2018 to March 2019. Descriptive statistics were conducted to describe physicians' attitudes toward pharmaceutical promotions, factors affecting prescribing practices, and perceptions toward academic detailing. Logistic regression models were performed to investigate predictors of acceptance and skepticism attitudes toward pharmaceutical promotion. Eisenberg model of physician decision-making was applied to evaluate factors influencing physicians' prescribing practice of promoted pharmaceutical products. Main outcome measure Attitudes toward pharmaceutical promotions, exposure to promoted pharmaceutical products, factors affecting physicians' prescribing practice of promoted pharmaceutical products, and their perceptions toward academic detailing and expected challenges. Results A total of 310 physicians completed the survey. The majority of physicians (73%) agreed that pharmaceutical companies provide valuable education on new pharmaceutical products. However, 66% of physicians agreed that lectures that are sponsored by pharmaceutical companies are often biased in favor of their products. Ninety-two percent of physicians agreed that drug samples were the most commonly offered promotional products by pharmaceutical companies. Being educated about the ethical principles related to pharmaceutical promotions among physicians was associated with higher likelihood of being skeptic about pharmaceutical promotional activities. Physicians' years of experience, payers' factors, environmental factors and participation in drug committees were significantly associated with high impact of marketing activities on physicians' prescribing practices (ORs of 1.2, 1.2, 1.49 and 0.43, respectively). The majority of participants in the current study reported positive attitudes toward applying academic detailing services in the future. Conclusions Education seems to play a crucial role in physicians' attitudes toward pharmaceutical promotion. Academic detailing is a promising strategy to counteract unethical marketing practice.

National Culture, Trust, Social Networking and Knowledge Sharing Within a Knowledge-Intensive Sector: A Mediation Analysis

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the four national culture (NC) dimensions of uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, power distance and masculinity on knowledge sharing. In addition, this study aims to examine the mediating effects of trust and social networking on the relationships between the four NC dimensions and knowledge sharing (KS). A theoretical model was developed, and a questionnaire-based survey was designed and targeted a 'knowledge intensive' sector, namely the healthcare sector in Jordan. Findings show that collectivism and uncertainty avoidance were the only two dimensions found to have a positive and significant effect on knowledge sharing, trust as well as social networking. Both trust and social networking were found to have positive and significant effects on knowledge sharing. Trust fully mediated the effect of collectivism on knowledge sharing and partially mediated the effect of uncertainty avoidance, whereas social networking was found to have a partial mediating effect. In conclusion, the study has contributed to the extant NC and KS literature by complementing studying a nation's distinctive cultural traits' on an organisational-level routine.

An assessment of nurses' knowledge regarding noise in intensive care units in Jordan

BackgroundNoise in intensive care units (ICUs) is harmful and might delay patients’ recovery and lengthen their hospital stay. Also, noise exposure has been known to have many adverse effects on professionals working in these settings. There is a lack of knowledge among health care providers regarding ICUs noise issue. PurposesTo assess the knowledge of Jordanian ICUs nurses regarding noise, and to determine the association among their knowledge and certain demographic variables. MethodA descriptive correlational cross sectional design was used. A total of 203 nurses working in ICUs at hospitals from major health care sectors in Jordan were recruited. ResultsFindings revealed that knowledge about noise in ICUs is insufficient. The correct answer score for the entire knowledge questionnaire was 10.08 out of 21 (SD = 2.69). Also, a significant positive relationship existed between level of knowledge among ICUs nurses and their years of experience (p < 0.05). ConclusionAdditional efforts are required to efficiently handle ICUs noise problem especially by knowing that majority of noise sources in ICUs were modifiable. It is essential to enhance nurses’ knowledge and increase their awareness regarding ICUs noise problem.

Engagement of Jordanian Physicians in Continuous Professional Development: Current Practices, Motivation, and Barriers.

BackgroundMandatory relicense of all physicians in Jordan went into effect at the beginning of May 2018. The bylaw states that all physicians should engage in Continuing Professional Development (CPD) in order to upgrade their knowledge and maintain competency as a prerequisite to renew their license every 5 years. The characteristics of effective CPD are different from one country to another. Jordan has decided to link CPD to mandatory relicense; however, no research has been done to identify the factors that influence CPD offerings, needs, practices, experiences, and effectiveness in the healthcare sector in Jordan. This paper reviews the history of CPD and CME, and the different options to upgrade and improve the competence of physicians. It explores the current practices, motivation, and barriers for physicians to get engaged in CPD activities in Jordan.PurposeThe purpose of this research was to provide a better understanding of the state of CPD in the healthcare sector in Jordan with a view to informing the development of Jordan’s first CPD framework. The findings of this research will provide policymakers with baseline information concerning current CPD practices, experiences, and attitudes of physicians towards CPD, and enablers and contributors to effective CPD in Jordan.MethodsStratified clustered self-selected participants that represented physicians working at all healthcare sectors in Jordan were used in this study. A structured pre-tested self-reported questionnaire was used to collect the data. A total of 457 physicians were included in the sample according to one-proportion sample size calculation method, and they were distributed among the healthcare sectors based on their shared proportions.ConclusionDespite considerable evidence supporting the role of CPD in maintaining competency of physicians, participating in CPD activities in Jordan is compromised by lack of mandatory laws and barriers related to staff shortage, heavy workload, limited funds, lack of time, and cost. Personal interests and career progression are the top motivators for CPD. Most Jordanian physicians are interested in CPD activities related to health/medical informatics and enhancing their skills in evidence-informed practice. We recommend that future interventions and health policy directions should be informed by these findings in order to optimize uptake of CPD programs in Jordan.

The Performance of Emergency Department Nurses Across Sectors in Jordan: An Application of the Work Functioning Model.

Work functioning is a relatively new conceptual model developed to embrace various aspects surrounding work performance, work participation, and individual capacity. The assessment of work performance (AWP) in nursing has gained inconsistent evidence due to examining it from multidimensional aspects. This study aimed to perform the AWP in nurses working in the emergency departments (EDs) at different healthcare sectors in Jordan. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used in which ED nurses completed a questionnaire. ED nurses were recruited conveniently from four referral hospitals located in Amman (two government and two private hospitals). The Nursing Work Functioning Questionnaire (NWFQ), in addition to the demographic questionnaire were completed. A total of 179 ED nurses participated in the study (100 government and 79 private nurses). A few differences were found between government and private sector nurses in respect to work functioning domains. Overall, nurses from both sectors reported minimal impairments in their performance represented in seven domains. However, ED nurses from the private sector claimed more frequent work incidences compared to ED nurses from the government sector (p = .043). In addition, associate nurses showed higher avoidance behavior than registered nurses in both sectors (p = .031). Contrary to former studies, this study found minimal discrepancies in work performance between government and private sectors, and employing the work functioning model is useful to gain a thorough understanding of the AWP.

Relationship Quality as Predictor of B2B Customer Loyalty in the Pharmaceutical Sector: Evidence from Jordan

This article aims to investigate the impactful effect of relationship quality dimensions (i.e., trust, satisfaction, and commitment) on aspects of loyalty represented by attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty. A quantitative survey method was employed to achieve the objectives of the study. Furthermore, a convenience sampling technique was adopted to select a representative sample from physicians working in the public healthcare sector in Jordan. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed, and 408 questionnaires were used in the statistical analyses. The data were analyzed by applying structural equation modeling to test the study model, and hypotheses were constructed and tested quantitatively and discussed qualitatively. The results revealed that both aspects of customer loyalty (i.e., behavioral and attitudinal) were affected positively by the overall dimensions of relationship quality (i.e., trust, satisfaction, and commitment), providing a recommendation for pharmaceutical companies in Jordan to focus on improving the relationship quality between their medical representatives and physicians due to the importance of such a factor in improving customer loyalty, which will reflect positively in managing their customers effectively and enhancing future business opportunities.

IMPACT OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP ON STRATEGIC COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE THROUGH STRATEGIC THINKING AND STRATEGIC PLANNING: A BI-MEDITATIONAL RESEARCH

Confusion between strategic planning and strategic thinking in the context of strategic leadership and its effect on competitive advantage was the foremost rationale for this study to come into view. Thereby, the aim of this study was to examine the role of two mediating variables, i.e., strategic planning and strategic thinking in the impact of strategic leadership on competitive advantage. Scoping health care sector in Jordan resulted in three public hospitals agreed to participate in the study. Data were gathered using a questionnaire developed on the basis of literature review. A total of 1000 questionnaires were administered to hospitals. A total 521 questionnaires were returned with a response rate of 52.1%. The results pinpointed that strategic leadership significantly predicted strategic planning, strategic thinking and competitive advantage. the results also revealed that strategic planning and strategic thinking significantly and positively related to competitive advantage. accordingly, it was approved that strategic planning and strategic thinking mediated the effect of strategic leadership on competitive advantage. Despite that the influence of strategic thinking on competitive advantage was greater than the influence of strategic planning on competitive advantage. The study hold the perspective that both strategic planning and strategic thinking were essential in the context of strategic leadership, since strategies are developed by strategic thinking and operationalized via strategic planning.

Nurses' work environment: indicators of satisfaction.

This study aimed to investigate nurses' perceptions of the nursing work environment in Jordanian hospitals. Previous research has indicated a strong relationship between nurses' work environment and their satisfaction at work. However, little is known about the situation in Jordan. A cross-sectional and descriptive design was used. A sample of 500 nurses was recruited. The study was conducted using the Individual Workload Perception Revised scale (IWPS-R). A sum of 382 out of 500 nurses from three health care sectors in Jordan responded to the questionnaires (response rate=76.4%). The results indicate that nurses working in the public hospitals had significantly better perceptions about their work environment than nurses working in private and university hospitals. Older nurses with lower academic qualifications are more likely to be satisfied with their work. Furthermore, nurses who have good perceptions of support from their manager and peers, and a manageable workload are more likely to stay in their jobs. The public hospitals are currently considered a more suitable milieu for nurses in Jordan. Other health care sectors should work to enhance nurses' working conditions. Providing a supportive work environment with a manageable workload will encourage nurses to stay in their hospitals.