Harmonization Of Policies Research Articles

An Empirical Evaluation of Data Interoperability—A Case of the Disaster Management Sector in Uganda

One of the grand challenges of disaster management is for stakeholders to be able to discover, access, integrate and analyze task-appropriate data together with their associated algorithms and work-flows. Even with a growing number of initiatives to publish data in the disaster management sector using open principles, integration and reuse are still difficult due to existing interoperability barriers within datasets. Several frameworks for assessing data interoperability exist but do not generate best practice solutions to existing barriers based on the assessment they use. In this study, we assess interoperability for datasets in the disaster management sector in Uganda and identify generic solutions to interoperability challenges in the context of disaster management. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect qualitative data from sector stakeholders in Uganda. Data interoperability was measured to provide an understanding of interoperability in the sector. Interoperability maturity is measured using qualitative methods, while data compatibility metrics are computed from identifiers in the RDF-triple model. Results indicate high syntactic and technical interoperability maturity for data in the sector. On the contrary, there exists considerable semantic and legal interoperability barriers that hinder data integration and reuse in the sector. A mapping of the interoperability challenges in the disaster management sector to solutions reveals a potential to reuse established patterns for managing data interoperability. These include; the federated pattern, linked data patterns, broadcast pattern, rights and policy harmonization patterns, dissemination and awareness pattern, ontology design patterns among others. Thus a systematic approach to combining patterns is critical to managing data interoperability barriers among actors in the disaster management ecosystem.

Academic Impact of Global Ranking of Higher Education Institutions in Kosovo

Globalization in higher education has highlighted the obligation to provide information on the level of academic quality provided by higher education institutions. This has resulted in the design of university ranking systems, respectively in creating of global and regional ranking tables. This information can and should be a contribution to the advancement of quality education in the country. Kosovar institutions that are competent in this field should show the courage to, in addition to providing information from international rankings, establish a credible national system for providing data, respectively the ranking list of higher education institutions in the country. This may help to identify important issues and information that will serve to create sustainable academic policies. This paper is exclusively based on empirical data provided by a questionnaire. As such it analyzes whether the ranking of higher education institutions in our country are needed and what will be the impact of academic quality measurements. These data enable the country's institutions to measure the public interest in the rate and dynamics of higher education development in the country, identifying the direction of university development. In these circumstances there should be no doubt about the obligation to provide this data, and only on the basis of it, the harmonization of public policies and legislation on quality in education and its role in the market.

FEATURES OF TAXATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MONACO

Introduction. The prerequisites for the economic development of any country are individual, but the use of benchmarking and the borrowing of positive experiences from other countries is an urgent task for every government, especially the domestic, on the path of active reforms. Monaco, as a world-famous small country, demonstrates the successful dynamics of economic development, GDP growth, and ensuring a high standard of living for the population. One of the prerequisites is a flexible tax system and the promotion of business development, support for economic and innovation initiatives, and improvement of investment attractiveness. Goal. Definition of the dynamics of economic development of Monaco during 2008-2017, structure of economic sectors that form GDP, features of taxation, requirements for starting a business and directions of state support for its development. Results and discussion. The preconditions and indicators of economic development of Monaco, leading branches of the economy, dynamics of foreign economic activity, factors of taxation which promote the investment attractiveness of the country are determined. Conclusions. Characterized by indicators of economic development of Monaco, GDP dynamics, main industry features. Established basic tax preferences that promote the start-up of business and its development in Monaco (requirement to provide more than 75% of the work in the Principality). The creation of a favorable tax climate for foreign investment and the simultaneous harmonization of fiscal policies with France and the European Union have made it possible to attract Monaco's continuous flow of foreign investment, so some elements of Monaco's experience deserve to be used by Ukrainian society in the path of reform.

Academic Impact of Global Ranking of Higher Education Institutions in Kosovo

Abstract Globalization in higher education has highlighted the obligation to provide information on the level of academic quality provided by higher education institutions. This has resulted in the design of university ranking systems, respectively in creating of global and regional ranking tables. This information can and should be a contribution to the advancement of quality education in the country. Kosovar institutions that are competent in this field should show the courage to, in addition to providing information from international rankings, establish a credible national system for providing data, respectively the ranking list of higher education institutions in the country. This may help to identify important issues and information that will serve to create sustainable academic policies. This paper is exclusively based on empirical data provided by a questionnaire. As such it analyzes whether the ranking of higher education institutions in our country are needed and what will be the impact of academic quality measurements. These data enable the country's institutions to measure the public interest in the rate and dynamics of higher education development in the country, identifying the direction of university development. In these circumstances there should be no doubt about the obligation to provide this data, and only on the basis of it, the harmonization of public policies and legislation on quality in education and its role in the market.

Огляд актуальних тенденцій розвитку туристичної галузі в Дніпропетровській області: державно-управлінський аспект

Подано огляд актуальних тенденцій розвитку туристичної галузі в Дніпропетровській області у контексті аналітичного супроводу Стратегії розвитку Дніпропетровської області до 2027 р. Наведено проблеми та перспективи модернізації зазначеної галузі з позиції державного управління. Сформовано та розвинуто пропозиції щодо вдосконалення управління галуззю туризму на наступні 5 років.

Status of waste tires and management practice in Botswana

ABSTRACTWaste tires (WTs) are becoming a significant environmental, economic, and technological challenge due to their high contents of combustible composition and potential for valuable materials and energy resources. Few studies in developing and even developed countries have been carried out to assess the challenges regarding waste tire management and to suggest the best alternative solutions for managing this waste stream. Although developed countries made progress in waste tire management needs by implementing more efficient innovative recovery and recycling methods, and restrictive regulations regarding the management of used tires, in many developing countries, the management of waste tires has not received adequate interest, and the processing, treatment, and disposal of waste tire is still nascent. In recent years, worldwide, several methods for managing used tires, including other principal alternatives for managing end-of-life tires defined in the 4Rs: reduction, reuse, recovery, and recycling, have been adopted and applied to minimize serious threats to both the natural environment and humans. This paper attempted to establish stakeholders’ action that has the responsibility in waste tire management in Botswana. This study also analyzed important aspects on waste tire management in Botswana. A synthesis of approaches was employed in the present investigation to determine the factors influencing effective performance of waste tire management practice in Botswana. Data for the present study were obtained using relevant published literature, scientific journals, other third-sector sources, academic sources, and research derived from governments and other agencies and field observations. Group discussions with the participants and semistructured interviews with professionals were carried out. The outcomes of this investigation are a wide-ranging outline concerning the participants that are important in waste tire management, and a set of aspects affecting the management of waste tires. The information provided by this study is very critical for reviewing and updating the methods and tools to update waste tire data and trends to improve waste tire management efficiency, suggesting innovative methods of recovering and recycling this waste stream in Botswana.Implications: Waste tire management in Botswana demonstrates challenges that epitomize many developing and transitioning countries due to inadequate knowledge to implement integrated programs that incorporate environmental sustainability, stockpiling of whole tires at landfills, lack of consistent and systemic approaches to tire regulation, lack of methods and tools to update tire data and trends, limited application of technology to process and treat WTs, and lack of societal acceptance. To improve WT management efficiency in Botswana, it is critical to implement efficient and well-functioning approaches, including the circular economy; encourage the harmonization of policies; implement recovery and recycling methods of waste tires; prohibit stockpiling of WTs at landfilling and unofficial dumpsites; and promote economic instruments such as the tax system and the extended producer responsibility.

Competition Law and Policy Harmonisation: Its Relation to Fair Competition Realisation in ASEAN Single Aviation Market

A well-functioning ASEAN Single Aviation Market Requires a level-playing field and fair competition. ASEAN does not have a multilateral agreement on competition related issues but opts to harmonise its Member States’ domestic legislation. This article asks whether this approach is appropriate to realise fair competition in ASEAN Single Aviation Market. It finds that mere harmonisation of laws and policies is insufficient without being complemented by effective implementation and enforcement. While regional enforcement is the ideal way of preventing and opposing unfair competition, this article also proposes the adoption of the concept of international comity as an achievable alternative to currently unequal ASEAN competition laws or the absence thereof.

REMIND: Risk Estimation Mechanism for Images in Network Distribution

People constantly share their photographs with others through various social media sites. With the aid of the privacy settings provided by social media sites, image owners can designate scope of sharing, e.g., close friends and acquaintances. However, even if the owner of a photograph carefully sets the privacy setting to exclude a given individual who is not supposed to see the photograph, the photograph may still eventually reach a wider audience, including those clearly undesired through unanticipated channels of disclosure, causing a privacy breach. Moreover, it is often the case that a given image involves multiple stakeholders who are also depicted in the photograph. Due to various personalities, it is even more challenging to reach agreement on the privacy settings for these multi-owner photographs. In this paper, we propose a privacy risk reminder system, called REMIND, which estimates the probability that a shared photograph may be seen by unwanted people-through the social graph-who are not included in the original sharing list. We tackle this problem from a novel angle by digging into the big data regarding image sharing history. Specifically, the social media providers possess a huge amount of image sharing information (e.g., what photographs are shared with whom) of their users. By analyzing and modeling such rich information, we build a sophisticated probability model that efficiently aggregates the image disclosure probabilities along different possible image propagation chains and loops. If the computed disclosure probability indicates high risks of privacy breach, a reminder is issued to the image owner to help revise the privacy settings (or, at least, inform the user about this accidental disclosure risk). The proposed REMIND system also has a nice feature of policy harmonization that helps resolve privacy differences in multi-owner photographs. We have carried out a user study to validate the rationale of our proposed solutions and also conducted experimental studies to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed REMIND system.

Mapping novel psychoactive substances policy in the EU: The case of Portugal, the Netherlands, Czech Republic, Poland, the United Kingdom and Sweden.

IntroductionThe rapid rise in trade and use of NPS and the lack of information concerning their potential toxicity pose serious challenges to public health authorities across the world. Policy measures towards NPS taken so far have a special focus on their legal status, while the implementation of a public health strategy seems to be still missing. The aim of this study is to perform a general assessment of NPS-related policy (including regulatory measures and public health strategies) implemented by six European countries: Portugal, the Netherlands, Czech Republic, Poland, the United Kingdom and Sweden.MethodsSix EU countries were included in this scoping review study. Drug policies (including legal responses and public health strategies) were analysed. UNODC drug policy classification system was used as a benchmark, while path dependency approach was used for data analysis; a net of inter-dependencies between international, EU and national policies was highlighted.Results and discussionThe countries included in this study can be placed in a wide spectrum according to their formulation of drug policy, from Portugal and the UK that have specific legal responses to NPS but have differently focused on harm reduction strategies at one end, to Sweden whose drug-free society goal is not translated into a specific regulation of NPS at the other end.ConclusionThe findings of the study reveal limited development towards harmonisation of national drug policies–particularly with regard to NPS. To tackle the challenge presented by NPS, EU Member states have formulated legislation and public health strategies independently. National approaches to NPS are therefore in line with their already existing drug policies, reflecting cultural values towards substance abuse and national political interests, while the homogenization at an international level has so far mostly been focused on law enforcement and drugs use preventive strategies.

FEATURES OF TAXATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MONACO

Introduction. The prerequisites for the economic development of any country are individual, but the use of benchmarking and the borrowing of positive experiences from other countries is an urgent task for every government, especially the domestic, on the path of active reforms. Monaco, as a world-famous small country, demonstrates the successful dynamics of economic development, GDP growth, and ensuring a high standard of living for the population. One of the prerequisites is a flexible tax system and the promotion of business development, support for economic and innovation initiatives, and improvement of investment attractiveness. Goal. Definition of the dynamics of economic development of Monaco during 2008-2017, structure of economic sectors that form GDP, features of taxation, requirements for starting a business and directions of state support for its development. Results and discussion. The preconditions and indicators of economic development of Monaco, leading branches of the economy, dynamics of foreign economic activity, factors of taxation which promote the investment attractiveness of the country are determined. Conclusions. Characterized by indicators of economic development of Monaco, GDP dynamics, main industry features. Established basic tax preferences that promote the start-up of business and its development in Monaco (requirement to provide more than 75% of the work in the Principality). The creation of a favorable tax climate for foreign investment and the simultaneous harmonization of fiscal policies with France and the European Union have made it possible to attract Monaco's continuous flow of foreign investment, so some elements of Monaco's experience deserve to be used by Ukrainian society in the path of reform.

Political Space Competition between Online and Conventional Transportation in Jakarta, Indonesia

The Presence of online transportation brings a new problem in Indonesia transportation market competition, many conventional transportation drivers, such as taxis, buses, motorcycle taxis, city transportation (Angkot) that reject the presence of online-based transportation. For conventional transportation drivers, the existence of online transportation has reduced their income because people prefer to use online transportation rather than conventional transportation. As the power holder, the government certainly has the right and authority to regulate and create policy harmonization for public transportation. This study uses qualitative method where primary data is obtained from 8 months observations, from November 2017 to June 2018. Secondary data are obtained from transportation ministerial regulations, regional regulations issued by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government, and various discourses that developed in the media mass. Various data obtained are then sorted or filtered and crosschecked against other data. Based on our findings, the government has not been arranged adequate political space, especially for conventional transportation and online transportation in Jakarta. The slow pace of the central government to revise regulations regarding online transportation has triggered serious conflicts in the community. Digital revolution in the dimensions of online transportation in the public interest is what should be an integral part of previous government policies, and that never happened.

“ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ ИНТЕГРАЦИЙ” И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ БРИКС+

During 2017 BRICS Summit the Chinese government announced the idea to promote the “BRICS Plus” cooperation approach, encouraging closer partnership among the group of emerging markets and developing countries. The idea was fixed in the final declaration, but the mechanism of its implementation remains uncertain, as well as the list of participants. The paper aims at reflecting Russian approach to the implementation of the “BRICS Plus” concept and exploring direction of potential cooperation among the countries of the expanded format. The key idea underlying our projections is that all the BRICS countries are leading economies within one of the regional integration arrangements on their continents, so the member countries of these five integration blocks may form the ‘BRICS Plus circle’ for flexible and multi-dimensional cooperation. The implementation of the “BRICS+” idea may push interaction within a group of developing countries for strengthening stability and enhancing their role in the world economy. The new expanded format of “BRICS Plus” can serve as a platform for linking regional integration associations in two ways: (1) expansion of trade cooperation at the trans-regional level, gradual harmonization of foreign trade policies within five integration associations and (2) gradual shift of trans-regional agenda from trade cooperation to a wider range of areas. The author stresses, that in trade cooperation particular attention must be paid to the harmonization of technical regulations, as well as sanitary and phyto-sanitary standards. Besides, the expanded format of “BRICS Plus” may provide a network of bilateral currency swap agreements aimed at reducing dollar payments and stimulating settlements in national currencies. The system of currency swap agreements can be supplemented by the networks of interbank local currency credit lines agreements and harmonization of banking rules and procedures. The author concludes, that according to contemporary priorities of the developing countries and regional agendas of the five integration blocks the new directions of trans-regional cooperation may include (1) harmonization of e-commerce policies and creation of a common e-commerce information space (trans-regional e-Commerce platform) (2) inter-state cooperation in the interests of small and medium enterprises (3) creation of a consolidated technological platform at “BRICS Plus” level.

20 years of Bologna - a story of success, a story of failure

The Bologna Process is a unique harmonisation process taking place outside the policy-making framework of the European Union. It aims at enhancing the comparability and compatibility of higher education structures and degrees across Europe, as well as to institutionalise quality assurance mechanisms. The aim of this article is to provide a condensed, up-to-date overview of the Bologna Process with regard to structural characteristics, before embedding it into a discussion on processes on voluntary policy convergence and to which extent we should be able to find this kind of policy harmonisation in the realm of the Bologna Process. Related to this are questions why this, in principle, completely voluntary process of policy harmonisation, has appealed to so many countries and why they might or might not feel committed to the implementation of its policies and tools.

HARMONIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL AND TRADE POLICY IN THE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING

In the context of fierce competition, oversupply and constantly declining demand the industrial policy automotive engineering enterprises require better coordination with the trade policy. Consequently, there is an urgent need for the formation of the system of harmonization of industrial and trade policies, that it gets the requirements of consumers, on the one hand, and the development of an effective strategy for promoting goods on the market, on the other. The article discusses a point of view on the subject of coordination of the industrial and trade policies in the context of harmonization, describes the essence and the content of harmonization based on tiered organization of the national economy and positioning the industry of automobile engineering, summarizes the main conditions that accompany the process of harmonization of the industrial and trade policies, defined the main areas of harmonization of the sectoral policies, which have been the basis for the formation mechanism balanced trade and industrial policies of enterprises.

Regulatory and Clinical Experiences with Biosimilar Filgrastim in the U.S., the European Union, Japan, and Canada.

Biosimilar filgrastims are primarily indicated for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia prevention. They are less expensive formulations of branded filgrastim, and biosimilar filgrastim was the first biosimilar oncology drug administered in European Union (EU) countries, Japan, and the U.S. Fourteen biosimilar filgrastims have been marketed in EU countries, Japan, the U.S., and Canada since 2008, 2012, 2015, and 2016, respectively. We reviewed experiences and policies for biosimilar filgrastim markets in EU countries and Japan, where uptake has been rapid, and in the U.S. and Canada, where experience is rapidly emerging. U.S. regulations for designating biosimilar interchangeability are under development, and such regulations have not been developed in most other countries. Pharmaceutical substitution is allowed for new filgrastim starts in some EU countries and in Canada, but not Japan and the U.S. In EU countries, biosimilar adoption is facilitated with favorable hospital tender offers. U.S. adoption is reportedly 24%, while the second filgrastim biosimilar is priced 30% lower than branded filgrastim and 20% lower than the first biosimilar filgrastim approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Utilization is about 60% in EU countries, where biosimilar filgrastim is marketed at a 30%-40% discount. In Japan, biosimilar filgrastim utilization is 45%, primarily because of 35% discounts negotiated by Central Insurance and hospital-only markets. Overall, biosimilar filgrastim adoption barriers are small in many EU countries and Japan and are diminishing in Canada in the U.S. Policies facilitating improved U.S. adoption of biosimilar filgrastim, based on positive experiences in EU countries and Japan, including favorable insurance coverage; larger price discount relative to reference filgrastim pricing; closing of the "rebate trap" with transparent pricing information; formal educational efforts of patients, physicians, caregivers, and providers; and allowance of pharmaceutical substitution of biosimilar versus reference filgrastim, should be considered. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: We reviewed experiences and policies for biosimilar filgrastims in Europe, Japan, Canada, and the U.S. Postmarketing harmonization of regulatory policies for biosimilar filgrastims has not occurred. Acceptance of biosimilar filgrastims for branded filgrastim, increasing in the U.S. and in Canada, is commonplace in Japan and Europe. In the U.S., some factors, accepted in Europe or Japan, could improve uptake, including acceptance of biosimilars as safe and effective; larger cost savings, decreasing "rebate traps" where pharmaceutical benefit managers support branded filgrastim, decreased use of patent litigation/challenges, and allowing pharmacists to routinely substitute biosimilar for branded filgrastim.

Institutional challenges in pastoral landscape management: Towards sustainable land management in Ngamiland, Botswana

AbstractPolicies, institutions, and governance structures have implications for the sustainable use of land resources. In dryland Africa, pastoral landscapes are faced with challenges of land degradation, livestock diseases, droughts, and land use conflicts. In order to enhance resilience and integrity of pastoral societies and landscapes, sustainable land management (SLM) requires that policies and institutions create an enabling environment that encourages sustainable use. This study analyses current policy, institutional, and governance challenges in relation to SLM in Ngamiland, Botswana. We use a series of expert interviews, local stakeholder workshops, document, and policy content analysis to analyse policy and institutional challenges. Key findings of this study include fragmented institutional and policy frameworks, conflicting policies and priorities, weak governance structures, lack of integrated planning and coordination between sectors, gaps in communication, knowledge gaps, and fragmented pastoralists lobbying institutions, all of which hinders prospects for SLM in communal areas of Botswana. Harmonisation of sectoral policies requires institutional and policy design to consider institutional coordination and enhanced learning on other actors' perspectives and constraints. Findings in Ngamiland show that collaborative comanagement approaches can play a role in facilitating intersectoral data sharing to enable successful development of pastoral landscapes and a supportive decision‐making system for SLM.

A review of surrogate motherhood regulation in south American countries: pointing to a need for an international legal framework

BackgroundAdvances in science and technology coupled with globalization are changing access to and utilization of reproductive health services. This includes the transnational phenomenon of families who use surrogate mothers to reproduce, with forms of altruistic and commercial surrogacy becoming more commonplace. Simultaneously, changes in law, regulation, and policy are necessary to protect surrogates, intended parents, and resulting children. These developments have been slow to adapt to challenges inherent to surrogacy arrangements, most specifically in low-and middle-income countries, including in South American countries.MethodsWe conducted an interdisciplinary non-systematic literature review and legal analysis of existing and pending policy, laws, and regulations related to commercial surrogacy arrangements in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The review focused on articles that discussed topics of domestic and international law, policy, regulation, and governance related to commercial surrogacy. We queried PubMed, JSTOR, and Google Scholar for Spanish and English-language articles limited to those published between 2000 and 2016.ResultsOur literature and legal review found a wide variance in how different countries address the issue, including two (Brazil and Uruguay) that have issued guidance attempting to clarify the legality of commercial surrogacy, others who have introduced surrogacy-specific legislation, and a final group with no specific legal mechanisms in place. Our extracted legal case studies also indicate that courts have a hard time interpreting existing law and its applicability to surrogacy. The influence of Catholicism also played a role in the adoption of surrogacy and other advanced reproductive technology (ART)-related legislation.ConclusionsChanges in global infertility rates, the emergence of new family structures, and advancement of ART are factors that will influence future development of legal frameworks addressing surrogacy in South America. Despite a growing transnational market for commercial surrogacy in many of the countries examined, the current patchwork of policy does little to clarify what forms of surrogacy are legally permissible, nor do they adequately protect surrogates, intended parents, or the children themselves. This points to an urgent need for regional legal and policy harmonization specifically designed to align with public health and human rights principles.

Harmonization of Adult Education Policies in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Status and Perspectives

Thanks to European integration, harmonization of policies, thus adult education policies as well, has become one of the inevitable andragogical topics. Due to its European commitment, but also because of its specific state organization, the process of harmonization of policies is of major scientific and practical importance for Bosnia and Herzegovina. the aim of the research, whose results we present here, is to determine whether and to what extent adult education policies in Bosnia and Herzegovina are harmonized. The results of the research, although generally indicating high level of harmonization, biasedly in some segments deviate from recommended umbrella document. The reasons for the identified discrepancies lie outside of adult education policy, in higher spheres of politics, and cannot be eliminated by applying solely educational intervention.

Public policy guidelines for the management of water in the Municipality of Filandia, Quindio

espanolEl presente articulo presenta de manera detallada los resultados de la investigacion sobre una propuesta de lineamientos de politica publica para el municipio de Filandia-Quindio. El trabajo tuvo como objetivo general proponer lineamientos de politica publica para la gestion del agua en el municipio de Filandia, para lo cual se establecio como pregunta de investigacion ?fueron las acciones de la administracion publica municipal, departamental y de la autoridad ambiental para la gestion del agua en el municipio de Filandia durante el periodo 2008-2015 beneficiosas para el interes general de la poblacion y de los ecosistemas estrategicos en el ciclo del agua? La metodologia que se uso fue tipo cualitativa, se busco y analizo informacion primaria y secundaria, mediante tecnicas documentales y grupo focal. Los resultados obtenidos son la caracterizacion y diagnostico de politicas publicas tendientes a la gestion del agua y la elaboracion de cuatro lineamientos de politica publica para la gestion del agua en el municipio de Filandia. Como conclusiones se tiene que hubo acciones, pero fueron poco efectivas evidenciado por las problematicas existentes; no hay armonizacion de politicas en el orden nacional, departamental y municipal; insuficientes predios para la conservacion; potencial hidrico manifestado en el abastecimiento de agua a varias poblaciones vecinas y la necesidad de los lineamientos como insumo para la gestion del agua. EnglishThis paper presents in detail the results of the research on a proposal of public policy for the Municipality of Filandia, Quindio. The objective of the research was to propose public policy guidelines for water management in the Municipality of Filandia, for which a research question was established as follows: Were the actions of the municipal, and the departmental administration and of the environmental authority beneficial for the general interest of the population and of the strategic ecosystems in the water cycle for the management of water in the Municipality of Filandia during the period 2008-2015? The methodology used was qualitative and primary and secondary information using documentary techniques and focus group was sought and analyzed. The results obtained are the characterization and diagnosis of public policies aimed at the management of water and the elaboration of four public policy guidelines for water management in the Municipality of Filandia. It can be concluded that there were actions, but they were ineffective which is evidenced by the existing problems: there is no harmonization of policies at the national, departmental and municipal order; there are insufficient properties for conservation; water potential manifested in the supply of water to various neighboring populations; and the need for guidelines as an input for the management of water.

Primena komunitarnih propisa na regulaciju elektroenergetskog sektora na teritoriji Kosova

The paper analyses the need for the harmonization of domestic regulations with the ones of the European Union in the field of energy due to the fact the importance of this topic is growing both for the national policies and for the European Union as well. In particular, we should take into account the fact that all countries observe the security of energy supply as their strategic issue. The Kosovo* energy system has developed within the frames of the unified state of Yugoslavia, and today there are many areas of co-operation and interdependence of the electric power systems of Serbia and Kosovo*. This co-operation should be based on the economic interests of equal partners and ensuring the security of both systems. The EU energy policy is a process that is in a constant motion and the process is characterized by constant changes, on one hand, and as well as by difficult and slow harmonization and resistance of national policies, on the other hand. Certainly, the objective of harmonization of the regulations in the field of energy is to raise one's own standards in this area in order to enable a better quality of life. The regulation in the field of energy has also got great importance for the protection of consumers, the development of social relations, the reduction of poverty and in general the ability of states to developing their social systems.