Harmonic System Research Articles

О гармонии Клода Дебюсси. Некоторые аспекты тональности

The article is devoted to certain issues related to harmony in Claude Debussy’s music, as well as their coverage in work with students of higher musical institutions. The focus of our attention lies on the categories of tonality and functionality as the most important aspects of the composer’s harmonic style. The tonality of his music is presented, on the one hand, based on traditions manifesting the late romantic tendencies of extended tonality; on the other hand, taking into account, the individual original musical solutions presented by the composer in some particular compositions of his. The latter are demonstrated in the close combination of tonal “states,” the application of the principle of “directing” tonality, and introduction of the elements of chromatic tonality. Attention is paid to Debussy’s special harmonic techniques, which became constructive for his work – the “autonomous” interaction between two different seventh chords which possess a multi-vector tonal-functional orientation, as well as “harmonic montage.” The article comes up with the conclusion that Debussy’s harmonic system is comprised of the synthesis of many of its particular manifestations, which make it possible for us to examine its most important specific features in a new way.

Water and Fire Images Dancing in Debussy’s Impressionistic Piano Preludes

As a representative of Impressionist music, Debussy made bold innovations to his preludes in terms of tuning, harmony, weaving, etc. This paper will deepen students’ understanding of the style, connotation, and emotional treatment of the “firework” prelude by classifying Debussy’s 24 preludes into personalities and analyzing the musical structure, harmonic system, and performance techniques. The course will also provide students with a deeper understanding of the style, meaning, and emotion of the “firework” prelude and deepen their understanding of Impressionist music.

Manageability of complex organisational systems – system-theoretical confines of control

Abstract The task of organisation is based on breaking up complex systems into a number of less complex subsystems where the interfaces are well-determined leading inevitably to hierarchical structures. Therewith, the principle need of precisely predefined targets regarding quality and time frames becomes necessary, which in turn enforces establishing controlling procedures. Meanwhile, it is well accepted that controlling processes are demanding resources and therewith form the cost of organisation. Rarely quantitatively regarded is, however, the need of having further resources ready to repair for detected quality deviations. This paper points out where the system-theoretical limits of control lie, based on a mathematical approach of delayed control where a second-order approximation leads to the introduction of terms of perseverance as well as of dissipative terms. On this background, delayed integral controlling meets the characteristics of a harmonic control system and also suffers it's confines determining the fundamentally limited reaction time. The focus of the article presented here is on the development of realistic scenarios of limited quality deviation situations and their relevance in the light of a fundamental criterion of stability derived from the differential equation of the harmonic control. In this context, we find evidence that partly self-determining concepts, such as e.g. maintained in lean construction, SCRUM and similar others, become favourable, if not superior, to hierarchical approaches.

Harmonic Current Estimation of Unmonitored Harmonic Sources With a Novel Oversampling Technique for Limited Datasets

In modern power systems, harmonics are amongst the significant issues attributed to renewable energy sources and nonlinear loads. Direct harmonic monitoring of the entire power system may be too costly or impractical, and measured data could be limited. In this paper, a new methodology is proposed to estimate harmonic current rms values of unmonitored harmonic sources, based on harmonic voltage rms magnitudes only, measured at a limited number of monitored buses. A new technique of output curve-normalization is employed in pre-processing. Subsequently, a method is proposed to refine the architecture of the Artificial Neural Networks’ (ANNs), after which ANN-based harmonic current estimators are developed for each harmonic order and each harmonic source. Furthermore, a novel Neural Oversampling Consensus Algorithm for Regression (NOCAR) is proposed to improve estimation accuracy. K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and ANN are combined in developing NOCAR. A comparison is made with state-of-the-art techniques by using synthetic data, which demonstrates both the proposed method’s robustness and its capability to perform when minimal information is available. The implementation for real data demonstrates the efficiency of the ANN-based harmonic current estimators with oversampling. The influence of the number of harmonic meters is investigated, revealing the ability of this data-driven technique to reduce the number of harmonic meters, and hence monitoring costs. Moreover, the correlation between different harmonic orders is studied, with results suggesting that, unlike the widely accepted notion, this correlation should not be ignored in harmonic analysis. This study highlights the advantages of integrating intelligent techniques into harmonic monitoring systems.

Evaluation of Norfloxacin Acute Toxicity in Five Day old Broiler Chicken

Background: Norfloxacin is a second generation fluoroquinolone, used widely against sensitive organisms. After the withdrawal of enrofloxacin by the U.S. FDA for its use in poultry, the importance of Norfloxacin is getting increased and already some veterinary formulations were introduced by pharmaceutical companies in the market. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the acute toxicity of Norfloxacin IP, a member of fluoroquinolone in five day old broiler chicken. Materials and Methods: Healthy 60 COBB broiler a day old chicks, with an average body weight of 45±5g were acclimatized to the laboratory condition for five days. Six groups; each group consisting 10 experimental birds were used for determining LD50 safety value. Clinical observations were made. The tissue samples from concerned organs of all the birds were collected for histopathological study. Findings: The maximum dose of Norfloxacin, where no mortality occurred was 1.4 g /kg. The dose at which 100 percent mortality observed was calculated to be 1.8 g/kg /body weight. The clinical signs of toxicity observed before death were dullness, excitability, and drowsiness, circling, oozing of fluid from mouth and gasping for breath with beaks wide open. The calculated LD50 value for Norfloxacin was found to be 1.55 g/kg for 24 h observation period. The histopathological findings observed in concerned organs were: hemorrhage, congestion and tubular epithelium degeneration and necrosis in kidney, Hemorrhage, edema and infiltration of few inflammatory cells in heart. Congestion of vessels and dilatation of sinusoidal space were observed. Perivascular hepatocytes were degenerated with infiltration of few inflammatory cells on liver and sever lymphocytolysis in spleen. Conclusion: Norfloxacin can be classified as a moderately toxic drug according to Global Harmonization System (GHS) for classification of toxic compounds as per given protocol.

Automated Controller Design for the PMSM Using Dynamic Mode Decomposition

This work presents a method to automatically generate a high performance controller for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The method consists of two components, a nominal system identification and a harmonic component identification. Both identification methods are based on dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). The nominal system identification is used to assign the feedback gaines by matching the desired closed-loop eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The harmonic system identification is used to generate vectors that are multiplied by a delay embedding of the current to predict harmonic components at the next time-step. The method is applied to two experimental test setups, one interior permanent magnet (IPM) and one surface mount permanent magnet (SPM) motor. It is shown that the automatically generated feedback controller is able to achieve a more precise transient response than the traditional rule-based PI controller. It is also shown the harmonic compensation method is able to reduce total demand distortion (TDD) on phase currents better than a traditional adaptive filter approach without the need for gain tuning. This work shows a novel approach to using DMD for the complete system identification of the PMSM, and lays the foundation for using DMD with delay embeddings to analyze and manipulate harmonic signals in a predictive way.

The problem of modern literary criticism between tradition and renewal: The theory of receive and interpretation : إشكالية النقد الأدبي الحديث بين التقليد والتجديد "نظرية التلقي والتأويل"

Identifying the concept of a text, its analysis and interpretation are of great importance in literary critical studies among western and Arab scientists and researchers of all time. This theory was rooted in Arabic Rhetoric and interpretation of Holy Qura'n before the existence of modern linguistics and western theories. Recently, the text- reader relation has been developed in light of these grounded theories assuring that the base of the literary work in the interaction between the text construction and its readers. This interaction is mainly attained from the real interactivity between them both through receive theory as the recipient gets involved expecting something. The most important point is that reading should be productive by adding new dimensions and unlimited to the barriers of the text. The problems of reading and interpretation revolve around two main axes; first, the literary work and nature of the text, second, the interpretation and understanding of the text. Then, the issue is related to the subjectivity and objectivity of the text, and the degree of the reader's understanding and interpretation of it. So, it is a harmonized system that collects the elements of creativity; the author, the reader and the text when relating reading process to receive mechanics and interpretation. The current results confirmed that Arabic Rhetoric and critical literature have significant roles in the treatment of the text and its components.

System for detection potato wart Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. causative agent

Goal. Harmonization system for determining potato wart causative agent as European union requirements for determination infectious load degree in Ukrainian sources.
 Methods. The field inspection was conducted as per the Standard PM3/59(3) and as per methodological recommendations for the samples extraction during the process of quarantine inspection and expertise. The winter zoosporangia causative agents conducted with calcium chloride and kaolin solution usage and flotation in sodium iodide solution.
 Results. The highest infectious load by zoosporangium disease pathogen was determined in observed 11 settlements in 4 regions of Ukraine from 39 to 43 zoosporangium on 1g of soil in Ivano-Frankivsk region, 49 in Lviv region, 65 — in Zakarpattia and Chernivtsi regions. The highest quantity of potato wart zoosporangium (to 65) was determined during the soils samples extraction as per the Protocole PM3/59(3) There were determined to 97.6% of potato wart zoosporangium in soil’s samples by flotation method in solutions with calcium chloride and kaolin. The researched soil’s sample weight decreased in twice or four times for the best pathogen identification in sources with high infectious load of disease agent. So kaolin is a white clay it paints zoosporangium in white color with next their masking That is why the causative agent viability determining treated by 3% hydrogen peroxide and painting by Coomassie Blue solution. The flotation method in sodium iodide with simultaneous determining pathogen viability, because sodium iodide painted them in intensive yellow colour.
 Conclusions. Soil samples extraction as per European Standard EPPO PM 3/59(3) was the most effective for determining potato wart zoosporangium. The technique for determining sodium iodide usage was the most favorable for extraction potato wart zoosporangium in disease sources. This technique allowed to determine and identify viability of pathogen winter zoosporangium. It was necessary to recommend the decrease the soil load in 2—4 times and for the next viability evaluation of winter zoosporangium with next painting by 0.5% solution of Coomassie Blue during the usage of solution calcium chloride and kaolin.

Problems of Commodity Nomenclatures Implementation in the International Trade on the Example of Chapter 56 “Nonwovens” of the EAEU Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Eco nomic Activity

The article examines the problems of using the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity. The following problems are highlighted: the lag of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System from the development of technologies; disagreement of countries with the decisions of the Harmonized System Committee; mistakes in texts; difficulties with the implementation of the classification decisions of the Federal Customs Service and Eurasian Economic Commission. Discrepancies in classification lead to distortion of mirror statistics of foreign trade and make it possible to identify “risk” and “cover” goods. The purpose of the work was to compare the imports by the Russian Federation nonwovens of chapter 56 from three countries — the main exporters at the level of commodity headings and subheadings. The hypothesis was tested: since chapter 56 is not the leading one in the volume of imports, there will be no significant discrepancies in the mirror statistics. Research method was comparison of data on Russian imports from a trading partner country and corresponding data on exports of a trading partner country to Russia. Data source is Trade Map of the International Trade Center. Headings 5602 (felt) and 5603 (nonwovens) were considered, which include goods that are similar in structure and properties, as well as heading 5607 — twine, cordage, ropes and cables. These goods are imported from both European and Asian countries. However, only when importing from the Asian direction — from China — discrepancies in the mirror statistics were found. It is shown that goods of “risk” (heading 5602) were imported into Russia from China in 9 times less than exported from China, and goods of “cover” (heading 5603) were imported from China by 5% more, than exported by China. The subheading of twine, cordage, ropes and cables made of synthetic fibers (570650) also represents risk goods, imports of which are 3 times less than exports from China. There are several cover headings that include similar goods with a lower duty rate. Comparison of duties showed that the main reason for classification errors leading to distortion of mirror statistics is the deliberately wrong choice of the code in the presence of close alternatives, which allows to reduce the customs payment. The hypothesis that group 56 will not show significant discrepancies in mirror statistics has not been confirmed.

Multifold bunch splitting in a high-intensity medium-energy proton synchrotron

Bunch splitting is an RF manipulation method of changing the bunch structure, bunch numbers and bunch intensity in a high-intensity synchrotron that serve as the injector for a particle collider. An efficient way to realize bunch splitting is to use the combination of different harmonic RF systems, such as the two-fold bunch splitting of a bunch with a combination of fundamental harmonic and higher harmonic RF systems. The two-fold bunch splitting and three-fold bunch splitting methods have been experimentally verified and successfully applied in the CERN PS. In this paper, a generalized multifold bunch splitting method is given. The five-fold bunch splitting method using specially designed multi-harmonic RF systems was studied and tentatively applied to the medium-stage synchrotron (MSS), the third accelerator of the injector chain of the Super Proton-Proton Collider (SPPC), to mitigate the pileup effects and collective instabilities of a single bunch in the SPPC. The results show that the five-fold bunch splitting is feasible and both the bunch population distribution and longitudinal emittance growth after the splitting are acceptable, e.g., a few percent in the population deviation and less than 10% in the total emittance growth. Intensity-related effects and beam feedback issues during the splitting process have also been addressed.

Operator-Algebraic Renormalization and Wavelets.

We report on a rigorous operator-algebraic renormalization group scheme and construct the free field with a continuous action of translations as the scaling limit of Hamiltonian lattice systems using wavelet theory. A renormalization group step is determined by the scaling equation identifying lattice observables with the continuum field smeared by compactly supported wavelets. Causality follows from Lieb-Robinson bounds for harmonic lattice systems. The scheme is related with the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz and augments the semicontinuum limit of quantum systems.

Rényi and von Neumann entropies of thermal state in Generalized Uncertainty Principle-corrected harmonic oscillator

The Rényi and von Neumann entropies of thermal state in generalized uncertainty principle (GUP)-corrected single harmonic oscillator system are explicitly computed within the first order of GUP parameter [Formula: see text]. While the von Neumann entropy with [Formula: see text] exhibits a monotonically increasing behavior in external temperature, the nonzero GUP parameter makes a decreasing behavior at large temperature region. As a result, for the case of [Formula: see text], the von Neumann entropy is maximized at the finite temperature [Formula: see text]. The Rényi entropy [Formula: see text] with nonzero [Formula: see text] also exhibits similar behavior at large temperature region. In this region, the Rényi entropy exhibits a decreasing behavior with increasing temperature. The decreasing rate becomes larger when the order of the Rényi entropy is smaller.

A state‐of‐the‐art review on the impact of fast EV charging on the utility sector

AbstractDeployment of fast‐charging stations for electrified transportation is currently one of the limiting factors in the commercial deployment and paradigm shift of the mobility sector. The rapidly increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) brings the demand for accessible and affordable charging infrastructure. The commercial EV fast‐charging load profile depends on the customer's EV charging demand, which poses challenges in determining the overall peak profile. This could lead to unprecedented challenges of harmonic disruption, system losses, supply‐demand balance, and grid reliability. The emergence of bidirectional charging infrastructure and the realization of controlled charging strategies in coordination with the cumulative contribution of renewable energy resources could potentially reduce the challenge of utility grid stability and reliability shortly. Furthermore, the parallel development of smart grid technologies has promising features. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive state‐of‐the‐art review of the major challenges of the utility grid in the swift adoption of fast charging infrastructures available in the open literature, as well as the sustainable implications and potential safety measures. Furthermore, the potential solutions and best practices for the synchronization of electrified transportation with the emerging ecosystem of renewable power systems and various controlled charging strategies are reviewed in detail.

PP 1/248 (3) Harmonized system for classification and coding of the uses of plant protection products

Specific scopeThis Standard describes a harmonized system for classification and coding of the uses of plant protection products to facilitate the understanding and exchange of data for the purposes of registration, and provides Codes for such uses to form part of the EPPO Code system.Specific approval and amendmentFirst approved in 2006–09.Revision to update references approved in 2014–09.Revision to reflect the agreed harmonized system for classification and coding of the uses of plant protection products 2021–09.

Political and economic determinants of export restrictions in the agricultural and food sector

AbstractUtilizing a rich export restriction database that covers 527 agricultural products at the six‐digit Harmonized System (HS) code level in 168 countries from 2005 to 2015, this article investigates the political and economic determinants of countries’ export restriction decisions. Empirical analysis shows that a one standard deviation increase in a commodity's market power increases the probability of an export restriction on that commodity by 5.5%, and a one standard deviation increase in a country's number of Regional Trade Agreement (RTA) partners decreases the probability of an export restriction by 6.0%. There is also evidence that higher market power of the downstream sector, which purchases inputs from the upstream sector, leads to a higher probability of export restrictions in the upstream sector. Macroeconomic variables, including urbanization rate, agricultural land per capita, and weather variables, are also important determinants of export restrictions. This article highlights the potential role of RTAs and competitive market structure in both the sector of interest and its downstream sector in disciplining export restrictions.

Influencing Factor and Error Analysis of Operating Capacitor Voltage Transformer Harmonic Measurement

With the increasing demands of power quality monitoring and management, the problem of harmonic measurement error caused by the widespread operation of capacitor voltage transformers (CVT) in high-voltage power grids has been unavoidable. This paper analyses the influence of environmental factors on harmonic measurement error of CVT, and proposes a new method for analysing the harmonic measurement errors of operating CVT, which explains the unstable phenomenon of CVT measurement errors based on field comparison test, and provides a progressing screening method of effective analysis data. the CVT harmonic error characteristic analysis method proposed in this paper considers the impact of field installation conditions, electromagnetic environment, and other actual operating environment, which can reflect the actual harmonic error characteristics of CVT in field operation. A CVT harmonic measurement system is established based on the proposed method. The validation and effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated on a field measurements of 1000kV CVT in Shandong Province.

The analysis of Titan’s physical surface using multifractal geometry methods

Titan makes up 95% of the mass of all 82 satellites of Saturn. Titan’s diameter is 5152 km, which means that it is larger than the Moon by 50%, and it is also significantly larger than Mercury. On the satellite, a subsurface ocean is possible, the theory of the presence of which has already been advanced earlier by some scientists. It is located under a layer of ice and consists of 10% ammonia, which is a natural antifreeze for it and does not allow the ocean to freeze. On the one hand, the ocean contains a huge amount of salt, which makes the likelihood of life in it hardly possible. But on the other hand, since chemical processes constantly occur on Titan, forming molecules of complex hydrocarbon substances, this can lead to the emergence of the simplest forms of life. There are limitations on the probabilistic and statistical approaches, since not every process and not every result (form and structure of the system) is probabilistic in nature. In contrast to this, fractal analysis allows one to study the structure of complex objects, taking into account their qualitative specifics, for example, the relationship between the structure and the processes of its formation. When constructing a harmonic model of Titan, the method of decomposition of topographic information into spherical functions was used. As a result, based on the harmonic analysis of the Cassini mission data, a topographic model of Titan was created. In the final form, the model describing Titan’s surface includes the expansion of the height parameter depending on the spherical coordinates into a slowly converging regression series of spherical harmonics. For modeling surface details of the surface on a scale of 1 degree requires analysis of the (180 + 1)2 harmonic expansion coefficients. An over determined topographic information system was solved to meet the regression modelling conditions. In this case, a number of qualitative stochastic data, such as external measures, were used together with the standard postulation of the harmonic system of the Titan model. As a result of a sampling of self-similar regions (with close values of the self-similarity coefficients) on the surface of Titan, coinciding with the SRGB parameter (characterizes the color fractal dimension), the elements of the satellite’s surface were determined, which with a high degree of probability were evolutionarily formed under the action of the same selenochemical processes.

A novel control approach for harmonic compensation using switched power filter compensators in micro‐grids

This paper presents a new harmonic compensation system using filter compensator devices in a hybrid micro-grid (MG). In order to reduce the amplitude of current and voltage harmonics, two separate systems, including a switched power filter compensator (SPFC) and a switched active power filter (SAPF) have been used in the AC side of the MG. The gain coefficients of both SAPF and SPFC modules (with different controllers) using meta-heuristic algorithms are optimized and applied for three harmonic loops of voltage, current and controller error to obtain an optimal response for reducing the harmonic amplitude of current and voltage. The objective function, containing controller error, current and voltage harmonics is defined and followed by the optimized coefficients for the PID controller of each of the SAPF and SPFC modules. To find the best answer to this problem, the related gains using four meta-heuristic algorithms, including artificial bee colony (ABC), particle swarm optimization (PSO), harmonic search (HS), and differential evolution (DE) are optimized and compared. The simulation results show that using the proposed method, the total harmonic distortion of the system can be significantly reduced.

A Retrospective Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Regulated and Unregulated E-Cigarette Liquids.

E-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI) was identified with the incidents of a multi-state outbreak of acute lung injuries associated with the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) and attributed to vitamin E acetate in off-market cannabis-based e-liquids. Aside from EVALI, hypersecretion of mucus, irritated nasal passages, and watery, red eyes have been defined as complaints associated with vaping standard nicotine-based e-liquids. The chemical composition of e-liquids varies between manufacturers and robust oversight of ingredients is lacking. Manufacturers use chemicals deemed “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) by the FDA, a designation for chemicals used in foodstuffs to be ingested. Most “GRAS” chemicals are associated with at least one Global Harmonization System (GHS) warning class, ranging from irritant to toxic. Untargeted chemical analysis is critical to evaluate e-liquid products to determine chemical composition; equally important is the quantitation of components to help elucidate the potential harms from exceeding recommended exposure limits. Untargeted screening of e-liquids was accomplished using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Direct Analysis in Real Time-AccuTOF™ mass spectrometry (DART-ToF-MS) and has identified 350 chemical constituents from 241 products analyzed. Nicotine, caffeine, menthol, and vitamin E were confirmed and quantitated by GC-MS, ethanol was confirmed and quantitated by headspace-gas chromatography-dual flame ionization detection (HS-GC-FID), and olivetol and cannabinoids were confirmed and quantitated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Maximum identified concentrations of nicotine, caffeine, menthol, vitamin E, ethanol, olivetol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and cannabidiol were 56.4, 26.9, 4.28, 307.9, 217.2, 399.6, 497.7, and 332.6 mg/ml, respectively. Evaluation of untargeted analysis and quantitation of unlabeled chemical components of e-liquids is essential to improving etiology of acute lung injury and less severe impacts of vaping, both short-term and long-term. The historical documentation of unlabeled ingredients can provide some insight for a retrospective analysis of health consequences and inform policy discussions.

Design and Implementation of Harmonic RFID Based on Conventional UHF System

Abstract There has been growing interest in the use of passive harmonic RFIDs for diverse range of applications. Conventional RFIDs are prone to self-jamming and multipath interference, and these challenges can be mitigated using the harmonic RFID design. Recently several harmonic RFID designs have been demonstrated. However, there are many designs related, packaging and intellectual property challenges associated with new tag designs. It has been well known that conventional RFIDs produce harmonic content, which is typically suppressed to reduce background noise. Previous experiments have demonstrated that the harmonics generated by conventional RFIDs can be utilized to enhance their performance. In this paper, an RFID chip is characterized for the generation of harmonic frequencies. This is carried out by designing a high frequency board that contains calibration structures along with structures to characterize the RFID chip using a one port network. An equivalent model is then developed, which in turn is used to design a dual band antenna that works at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies. In addition, the conventional RFID interrogator is modified to accommodate the measurement of harmonics generated by the RFIDs. A complete harmonic tag system is designed and implemented, and an example application of harmonic RFID is demonstrated. Here, the harmonic RFID tag is used in an industrial setting where there is large clutter (large reflections from metal structures).