Changes In Hardness Research Articles

Friction Properties of Crystalline Cellulose Sliding on Chromium under Water Lubrication Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

This work studies the friction and wear behaviors of chromium (hard material) and crystalline cellulose (soft material) under water lubrication considering the loading and sliding velocity on friction force, temperature of contact interfaces, and worn atoms from the atomic view. The change of friction force with sliding velocity is greater than that with loading, and it is easier to obtain a stable friction at high velocity. The average friction force in the stabilization gradually increases with loading and velocity, and the growth rate decreases with loading, while it increases with velocity. The temperature of contact interfaces at the beginning of sliding changes rapidly and gradually becomes stable. The temperature at the stabilization increases distinctly with velocity, while it does not change much with loading. Both the loading and sliding velocity have an important influence on the wear of soft material; it is noticed that the amount of worn atoms increases close to exponentially with velocity and linearly with loading. However, the wear of hard material changes less with increasing loading and sliding velocity.

The bone shielding versus dual-zone concept in treating thin-walled fresh extraction sockets with immediate implant placement: Soft and hard tissue changes. A randomized clinical trial.

To evaluate the ridge alterations and esthetic outcome 1 year after immediate implant placement using the dual-zone (DZ) technique versus the bone shielding concept in patients with intact thin-walled sockets in the esthetic zone. This randomized clinical trial included 26 patients with nonrestorable maxillary teeth in the esthetic zone who were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 13 each) to receive immediate implants using either the bone shielding concept or DZ. Definitive restorations were delivered after 2 months. Pink esthetic scores (PESs), vertical soft tissue alterations, and bucco-palatal ridge dimensional changes were measured and assessed using intra-oral digital scans at baseline and 1 year post-procedure. Labial bone thickness was measured using cone beam computed tomography scans at baseline and after 1 year. The bone shielding group provided bucco-palatal ridge thickness stability after 1 year (9.43 mm) compared to baseline values (9.82 mm), while DZ showed a significant loss in the bucco-palatal ridge thickness after 1 year (7.83) compared to baseline values (9.49). No significant difference was reported in the baseline bucco-palatal ridge thickness between the two groups (p = 0.6). After 1 year, the bone shielding group demonstrated 0.38 mm ridge shrinkage which was statistically significant (p = 0.0002) compared to 1.67 mm ridge shrinkage in the DZ group. In addition, the average total PES in the bone shielding group was 12.04 versus 10.28 in the DZ group. No significant difference was reported in the mesial papilla length between the DZ and the bone shielding group after 1 year (p > 0.05). However, the midfacial gingival margin (p = 0.026) and distal papilla were significantly higher in the DZ group (p = 0.0025). There was no significant difference in the mean ± SD mm bone gain at the apical level between the two studied groups after 1 year (p = 0.06) showing 0.85 ± 0.23 and 0.64 ± 0.32 mm, respectively. However, the bone shielding concept showed a statistically significant more bone gain mm (p < 0.001) at the (0.56 ± 0.43) and crestal (0.03 ± 0.8) levels after 1 year compared to DZ which revealed 0.18 ± 0.5 and 0.38 ± 0.29 mm bone loss, respectively. The bone shielding concept might offer a reliable alternative for restoring thin-walled sockets by minimizing postextraction ridge dimensional alterations effect following immediate implant placement in the esthetic zone. Nevertheless, the study suffers from confounding bias since there are two systematic differences between the groups, the barrier membrane type, and the level of bone filling. "This clinical trial was not registered prior to participant recruitment and randomization." NCT05381467.

Tunable rejuvenation behavior of a metallic glass by residual stress modulation

In this study, the structure changes and related mechanical properties of the Zr61Ti2Cu25Al12 metallic glass treated by triaxial compression and followed by further cryogenic thermal cycling were systematically studied. It is found that the structure evolution based on the changes in the relaxation enthalpy and diffraction peak position shows inconsistencies with each other. Vickers hardness mapping reveals that residual stresses may impart and store in the extremely deformed metallic glass sample, which can be verified from the change of hardness and that can well explain such inconsistencies. As thermal cycling proceeds, the stored residual stresses will relieve and compete with structure softening from the process of thermal cycling, leading to a tunable rejuvenation behavior. A plausible model that correlates rejuvenation and thermal-mechanical protocols is proposed. This work highlights that residual stress plays a vital role in the metallic glass rejuvenation and should be taken into account, which may be helpful for the design of metallic glasses with desired mechanical performance.

Critical review on bone grafting during immediate implant placement.

In the last 20 years, immediate implant placement has been proposed as a predictable protocol to replace failing teeth. The research conducted in preclinical and clinical studies have focused on soft and hard tissue changes following tooth extraction and immediate implant placement. Different approaches for hard and soft tissue grafting together with provisional restorations have been proposed to compensate tissue alterations. This review analyzed some relevant clinical and preclinical literature focusing on the impact of bone grafting procedures on immediate implant placement in terms of hard and soft tissue changes, aesthetic results, and patient-related outcomes.

The effect of aloe vera edible coating with carrageenan and glycerol on red chili (Capsicum annum L.) quality during storage

Red chili (Capsicum annum L.) is one of horticultural commodities that rapidly damage due to has high water content, which is around 80-90%. High respiration rate can cause deterioration quickly and shorten shelf life at room temperature stored. In order to prolong shelf life of red chili pepper, aloe vera alone, aloe vera mixed with carrageenan and glycerol can be applied as edible coating. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of aloe vera coating, aloe vera mixed with carrageenan and glycerol on red chili pepper. Four treatments with three times repetitions were used and analyzed their effect on weight, total soluble solid, hardness and color changes on red chili pepper. The treatments were aloe vera coating alone, aloe vera mixed with 2% of carrageenan mingled with the different concentration of glycerol, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%, respectively. Red chilli pepper without any coating were considered as control. All the treated and control red chilli pepper were stored for 15 days at law (10°C) and room temperature (30°C). The data obtained were calculated statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that edible coating with carrageenan and glycerol stored at low and room temperature had a significant effect reduced in weight loss and coating weight loss of red chili pepper. However, soluble solids concentration, color, were not significantly affected by aloe vera coating with carrageenan and glycerol. The highest quality of red chilli pepper is detected with aloe vera coating mixed with carrageenan and glycerol with 2% and 0.5% concentrations, respectively.

Mineralogical and Grain Size Analysis of Bai Hassan Formation Terraces in Al-Teeb Area, SE Iraq

Bai Hassan Formation is exposed as remnants of beds from previous formations due to severe erosion that were removed. Results from grain size analysis revealed that most of the studied sediments were coarse-grained sediments ranging from coarse sand to gravel. The study shows that the sediments are poorly sorted. The values of skewed coefficients ranged from fine to strongly skewed, and the negative values indicate the occurrence of hard changes in the environment. Meanwhile, the kurtosis values for the studied sediment indicate that the differences in these values are due to changes in the flow and sediment sorted in a relatively high energy environment. Light minerals like quartz, and feldspars, and rock fragments are identified. Heavy minerals such as chlorite, amphibole, pyroxene, mica, epidote, zircon, garnet, tourmaline, rutile, kyanite, and staurolite can provide information about the geological processes and environments that occurred in a particular area. These minerals can be indicative of specific rock types, metamorphic or igneous formations, that are derived from high Zagros mountains. The collision between the Arabian Plate and the Eurasian Plate resulted in the formation of the Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt, leading to the uplift and deformation of the Zagros Mountains. The Bai Hassan Formation in Iraq originated during the Miocene epoch from fluvial and alluvial fan environments. Sediments carried by rivers and streams from the elevated mountains in Iraq and Iran were deposited, forming conglomerates, sandstones, and mudstones that reflect various depositional settings such as braided river channels and floodplains indicating a rapidly sinking basin with freshwater and lacustrine environments.

Determination of ef ective thickness of cemented steel layer

The problems of increasing the strength of high-loaded steel parts of transmissions of energy-saturated machines are considered. It is noted that, along with hardness, an important parameter of the hardened cemented steel layer is its effective thickness the distance from the surface of the sample (part) to the zone with hardness 50 HRC (529 HV0.5). It is shown that great infl uence on accuracy of its defi nition have unavoidable banding of metal in the area of hardness measurement and an instrumental error of hardness measurement. A method of increasing the accuracy of determining the effective thickness of the cemented layer, based on interpolation by polynomial of the second degree of distribution of experimentally measured hardness values HV0.5 in an extended range of changing distances from the surface of the article to the hardness measurement HV0.5 is offered. Error of defi nition of an effective thickness of the cemented layer is reduced at the expense of expansion of area of change of hardness HV0.5 in an analyzed zone with approximation of its monotonous change in this area and the subsequent solution of the received square equation. Approximating polynomial statistically correctly refl ects the character of hardness change HV0.5 of cemented steel in the analyzed area depending on the distance from the workpiece surface to the hardness measurement place. The effectiveness of the method was confi rmed when determining the effective thickness of the grouted layer of a sample of 18CrNiGt steel after carburizing and hardening. The obtained results will be useful in the development of optimal regimes of carburizing of high-loaded gearwheels of automobile and tractor transmissions.

Elucidating precipitation in FeCrAl alloys through explainable AI: A case study

A primary challenge of using FeCrAl in high temperature industrial settings is the formation of α′-precipitates that causes brittleness in the alloy, resulting in failure through fracture. The precipitation causes hardness change during thermal aging which is sensitive to both alloy composition and experimental condition (i.e., temperature and time of heat treatment). A Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model is built on the hardness data collected at GE Research. Subsequently, for the first time, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) built upon the GPR is used as an Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) tool to understand the effect of feature values in driving the hardness change. SHAP analysis has confirmed that the primary chemical driver for α′ age hardening in the FeCrAl system is Cr as expected. However, the analysis also indicated that Al does not have a clear trend of only suppressing the formation of α′ which contradicts current literature. This lack of a trend on the effect of Al on age hardening may be due to Al ability to both suppress thermodynamically and enhance kinetically the formation of α′. Similarly, SHAP analysis points towards Mo having no clear trend towards either enhancing or suppressing α′. This study indicates that more in depth studies focusing on both the chemistry and different aging temperatures (to study kinetics) should be performed to better understand the aging of this system.

Effect of soaking time on deep cryogenic treatment of Nimonic-90 alloy

The current experimental work on Nimonic-90 alloy presents the behaviour of hardness as a result of microstructural change occurring after deep cryogenic treatment. The results of the microstructure alterations at sub-zero temperature showed an effective change in hardness. Compared to the hardness value corresponding to a 36-h soaking period, the 24-h soaking period's hardness value was lower. One of the main factors contributing to the enhancement in Nimonic-90's hardness was the phase change and grain size reduction during the soaking period. Nimonic-90's hardness behaviour was largely controlled by tempering following deep cryogenic treatment. The maximum and minimum hardness values were corresponding to 100 °C and 200 °C, respectively. At the soaking period of 36 h, tempering temperature of 100 °C and tempering time of 1 h, and the hardness of Nimonic-90 came as 443.36 HV. With more tempering cycles and higher tempering temperatures, a corresponding decline in hardness value was observed. The sample that was subjected to a tempering temperature of 200 °C, a soaking time of 24 h, and three tempering had the lowest value of hardness out of all the deep cryogenically treated samples. According to the findings, the maximum hardness was 1.56 times the hardness of untreated sample.

Effect of alternating magnetic field on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of M50 bearing steel during tempering process

The effect of alternating magnetic field (AMF) on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during tempering of M50 bearing steel have been investigated for evaluating the application prospect of magnetic field in steels. Microstructural observation and EDS analysis shows that during solidification process, M2C carbides rich in molybdenum are easily formed on the matrix of M50 bearing steel. Microstructure characterization results show that the application of AMF promotes the dissolution and refinement of carbides. At medium tempering temperature (300 °C, 380 °C), Vickers hardness increased with the application of AMF. Furthermore, due to the occurrence of secondary hardening, the Vickers hardness increases at high tempering temperature of 540 °C and the application of AMF has little effect on the hardness change. In addition, tensile fracture morphology observation shows that the morphology is mainly quasi-cleavage fracture. At medium tempering temperature, the presence of large carbides and transgranular cracks on the matrix results in the low tensile strength. For the high tempering temperature, the AMF could significantly reduce the carbide size and increase the tensile strength. This provides a new idea for improving the mechanical properties of M50 bearing steel by using AMF during tempering process.

Optimisation Using Response Surface Methodology of Quality, Nutritional and Antioxidant Attributes of ‘Wichita’ Pecan Nuts Roasted by Microwaves

Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) nuts are rich in functional compounds (unsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, polyphenols, and tocopherols) associated with various health benefits. Commercially, pecan nuts are roasted to enhance their physical, chemical, and sensory properties. In the present study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise the quality and nutritional and antioxidant attributes of ‘Wichita’ pecan nuts roasted by using a microwave process with a range of microwave power (96.45–803.55 W) and roasting time (1.37–5.62 min). The microwave-roasted pecan nuts were analysed for hardness, total colour difference (TCD), and radical scavenging activity and modelled using the central composite design. The results showed that microwave power and roasting time significantly (p &lt; 0.05) influenced the quality attributes of the pecan. The quadratic model adequately described the changes in TCD and hardness, respectively, while the 2FI model adequately described the changes in DPPH radical scavenging activity. To obtain the desired pecan nuts quality attributes (TCD = 1863.391; hardness = 28.755 N and DPPH radical scavenging activity = 33.877 mmol Trolox/g), the determined conditions were 700 W and 2.24 min, with a desirability of 0.557. The primary unsaturated fatty acids, including cis-oleic, cis-linoleic, α-linolenic, and stearic acids, were not affected (p &lt; 0.05) by microwave roasting the pecan nuts at determined conditions. Volatile compounds, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, lactones, hydrocarbons, and carboxylic acids, were identified in both raw and microwave-roasted pecan nuts, with limonene, which possesses various health properties, being the major volatile compound. It can be concluded that microwave roasting may be optimised using response surface methodology to produce quality pecan nuts that can be used as snacks or as an ingredient in other snack products.

A novel methodology to estimate hydrogen diffusivity and its applications in revealing hydrogen effects in CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy versus 316L stainless steel

Hydrogen diffusivity is one of the important factors affecting the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of metals and alloys. Here, we proposed a novel approach to estimate hydrogen diffusivity in FCC alloys by performing nanoindentation experiments with continuous stiffness measurement. In consideration of the plastic zone size around the indentation, the relationship between hydrogen-induced hardness change and the depth from the sample surface was established for two typical FCC alloys—316L stainless steel (SS) and CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy (MEA)—subjected to hydrogen-charging and subsequent room-temperature aging. By combining with the estimation of the through-thickness distribution of hydrogen concentration, hydrogen diffusivity values were successfully determined, which agreed well with the literature data. It was revealed that CoCrNi MEA exhibited a hydrogen diffusivity ∼0.68 times higher than that in SS316L, and that hydrogen-induced softening upon long-term aging (at room temperature) was observed in CoCrNi but not in SS316L. The underlying mechanisms for the distinct hydrogen-related phenomena in CoCrNi MEA were elucidated based on the density functional theory calculations of hydrogen solution energy and vacancy formation energy.

Enhancement of Textural and Sensory Characteristics of Wheat Bread Using a Chickpea Sourdough Fermented with a Selected Autochthonous Microorganism.

A traditional Greek sourdough, based on the fermentation of chickpea flour by an autochthonous culture, was evaluated as a wheat bread improver. The dominant indigenous microflora (Clostridium perfringens isolates) was identified by 16S rDNA analysis, and a selected strain (C. perfringens CP8) was employed to ferment chickpea flour to obtain a standardized starter culture (sourdough) for breadmaking. In accordance with toxin-typed strain identification, all isolates lacked the cpe gene; thus, there is no concern for a health hazard. Loaf-specific volumes increased with the addition of liquid, freeze-dried, and freeze-dried/maltodextrin sourdoughs compared to control bread leavened by baker's yeast only. Following storage (4 days/25 °C), the amylopectin retrogradation and crumb hardness changes (texture profile analysis) revealed a lower degree of staling for the sourdough-fortified breads. Modifications in the protein secondary structure of fortified doughs and breads were revealed by FTIR analysis. High amounts of organic acids were also found in the sourdough-supplemented breads; butyric and isobutyric acids seemed to be responsible for the characteristic 'butter-like' flavor of these products (sensory analysis). Overall, the addition of liquid or freeze-dried chickpea sourdough in wheat bread formulations can improve the specific volume, textural characteristics, and sensorial properties of loaves, along with extending bread shelf life.

Experimental study on the effects of hydrochemistry and periodic changes in temperature and humidity on sandstone weathering in the Longshan Grottoes

Changes in precipitation, temperature and humidity can lead to the weathering of rock masses in grottoes; these changes are common in sandstone grottoes. To simulate this cyclic process, different salt solutions were designed according to the main precipitated components. Sandstone specimens taken from Longshan Grottoes were soaked in these solutions for 48 h and then placed in a simulated environment with temperature and humidity changes for 5 cycles (50 h) to study the effects of hydrochemical, temperature and humidity changes on the sandstone. Physical indexes, such as mass, wave velocity, surface hardness and tensile strength, of the rock samples were measured every three cycles, and the damage characteristics and mechanisms of the sandstone were discussed based on SEM and XRD test results. The results showed that the macroindicators and microstructures of the samples gradually decreased with increasing number of cycles. The physical indexes of the rock samples in different solutions changed at different rates, the changes in surface hardness and tensile strength were consistent, and the responses were less sensitive to deterioration than to longitudinal wave velocity. In different solutions, the microstructures and mineral compositions of the samples showed different trends with increasing number of cycles. This damage was caused by a combination of various actions, such as feldspar dissolution, chemical erosion, water scouring, clay mineral expansion and disintegration, and salt crystallization, which increased the number of pores, enlarged the holes and expanded the cracks inside the rock samples.

Effect of Au-ions irradiation on microstructure and mechanical properties of FeCrAl coating

Six kinds of FeCrAl coatings with different Cr and Al contents were irradiated by 6 MeV Au-ions with a damage level of 20 dpa. The results showed that the surface roughness and grain size of the coatings increased significantly after irradiation. Nanoscale precipitation and irradiation-induced twins appeared in the coating with relatively lower Cr content. The increase of Cr content promotes the transformation from irradiation-induced softening to hardening. Changed Al content can cause the change in hardness, but cannot cause the transition of softening and hardening. The underlying evolution mechanism of microstructure and mechanical properties induced by Au-ions irradiation is discussed.

Methodology for Determining the Effective Thickness of the Cemented Layer of Steel

Highly loaded transmission gears are cemented and hardened. An important parameter of the hardened cemented layer is its effective thickness hef . Metal banding and the unavoidable instrumental error in hardness measuring have a great influence on the reliability of hef determination. The purpose of this article was to develop a methodology to improve the reliability of determining of the effective thickness hef of the hardened layer in steel after carburizing and quenching.The value of hef is the distance h from the surface of the product to the hardness zone of 50 HRC. The article substantiates that approximation of hardness change from the distance h to the product surface will allow to obtain a more reliable dependence of hardness change in the investigated area when making hardness measurements in a wider range of distance h. Therefore, to increase the reliability of hef determination, results of the HV0.5 hardness measurement in an extended range of changes in h in the vicinity of the analyzed zone were used. The HV0.5 measurement results are converted to HRC hardness values using the formula recommended by the international standard. The HRC(h) distribution of HRC hardness values in the measurement area is interpolated by a second-degree polynomial which physically correctly reflects the change in metal hardness in the analyzed area. The resulting polynomial is used to determine of the distance hef at which the hardness takes on a value of 50 HRC. The methodology was used to determine the hef of an 18KhGT steel gear wheel after carburizing and quenching. It is shown that results of two independent measurements of the hef sample differ from each other by 0.003 mm. This is significantly less than the permissible error of 0.02 mm of the hef determination according to the standard technique. The error of hef determination is reduced by extending the range of variation of h and statistically valid interpolation of the monotonic change in hardness with the distance from the surface of the item in the measurement area. The developed method of determining the effective thickness hef of the hardened steel layer consists in determining the distribution of its hardness in the expanded vicinity of the hef area, approximating the obtained dependence by a polynomial of the second degree and solving the square equation obtained with its use. The technique provides a significant reduction in the influence of the structural banding of the metal and the inevitable error in measuring hardness on the result of determining the hef . Its application will allow to optimize the cementation regimes of gear wheels to increase their service life.

Synthesis and comprehensive synchrotron-based structural analysis of Si-doped nanodiamond composite films deposited on cemented carbide

Si-doped nanodiamond composite (NDC) films were deposited on unheated WC − Co substrates by coaxial arc plasma deposition for advanced cutting tools applications. The nanoindentation test revealed changes in films hardness and Young's modulus attributed to various Si doping concentrations (0, 1, 5, and 20 at.%) and the catalytic effects of Co diffused from the substrate surface into the films. To reveal the physical origin behind these changes, the films' structure was examined by synchrotron-based Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), soft X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). The AES and XPS analysis showed a consistent correlation between nanoindentation measurements and the estimated C sp3 fraction in the films. The NEXAFS spectra revealed intense C − C σ* resonance, consistent with the measured film hardness. The 1 at.% Si-doped film, deposited with an undoped NDC buffer layer to mitigate the Co catalytic effects, exhibited the highest hardness of 60 GPa, the largest C sp3 fraction, and the most intense CC σ* peak. Si doping resulted in the formation of C − Si sp3 bonds at the expense of C sp2 bonds, increasing the fraction of C sp3 bonds and enhancing film hardness. The synchrotron-based analysis effectively revealed the electronic states of NDC hard coatings, particularly after the removal of surface contaminants through mechanical polishing.

Surface roughness and surface hardness changes in composite resin provisional crown before and after brushing with whitening toothpaste

Objective: To determine the surface roughness and surface hardness difference in composite resin provisional crown before and after brushing with whitening toothpaste.&#x0D; Material and Methods: This was a pre- and post-test group design experimental study. In this study, the sample was a composite resin provisional crown based on bis-acryl. The number of samples in this study was 32 samples, 16 for the surface roughness test and the other 16 for the surface hardness test. Each sample was brushed using a V8-Brushing Machine Modified, then tested for surface roughness and hardness using a Profilometer and Vickers Hardness Tester.&#x0D; Results: The paired T test was used to analyze the results statistically. There was a significant difference between the groups before and after brushing with whitening toothpaste. (p&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: After simulated brushing with whitening toothpaste, there was a change in the the provisional crown material surface roughness and hardness value.

Effects of hardness and dimension of pinna and auricular hematoma on detection threshold of cartilage conduction.

In cartilage conduction (CC), a vibrator is presented onto the cartilage of the ear instead of the bony parts of the head used in ordinary bone conduction (BC). Because the auricle cartilage is softer and lighter than the bone, it doesn't require as much pressure as BC, which may cause discomfort (or pain) in the area where a BC transducer is being pressed. However, CC is a relatively new technology, and whether the less dense characteristics of cartilage, which varies from person to person, result in a better sound perception is still being studied. In this paper, we focused on investigating how the hardness and size of the auricle or pinna affect the effectiveness of CC. We used pure-tone hearing thresholds to evaluate this objectively. We also measured the thresholds of CC in subjects with auricular hematoma or "cauliflower ear" (misshapen ears commonly caused by close contact sports) to see if it affected CC differently. Our results indicate that the hardness and size of the auricle affect CC thresholds and that subjects with auricular hematoma have different perceptual characteristics compared to the normal ear group. These differences are believed to be caused by changes in hardness and mass.

Slim the face or not: 3D change of facial soft and hard tissues after third molars extraction: a pilot study

BackgroundWhether slim the face or not after removed third molars is the concern of some orthodontic treatment candidates. The aim of this article is to explore the volume changes of facial soft and hard tissues after third molars extraction, as well as develop a reproducible clinical protocol to precisely assess facial soft tissue volume change.MethodsA non-randomized, non-blind, self-controlled pilot study was conducted. 24 adults aged 18–30 had ipsilateral third molars extracted. The body weight change was controlled within 2 kg. Structured light scans were taken under a standardized procedure pre-extraction (T0), three (T1), and six (T2) months post-extraction; CBCTs were taken at T0 and T2. The projection method was proposed to measure the soft tissue volume (STV) and the soft tissue volume change (STVC) by the Geomagic software. The hard tissue volume change (HTVC) was measured in the Dragonfly software.ResultsThe final sample size is 23, including 5 males (age 26.6 ± 2.5 years) and 18 females (age 27.3 ± 2.5 years). The HTVC was − 2.33 ± 0.46ml on the extraction side. On the extraction side, the STV decreased by 1.396 (95% CI: 0.323–2.470) ml (P < 0.05) at T1, and increased by 1.753 (95% CI: -0.01-3.507) ml (P = 0.05) at T2. T2 and T0 had no difference (P > 0.05). The inter and intra-raters ICC of the projection method was 0.959 and 0.974. There was no correlation between the STVC and HTVC (P > 0.05).ConclusionsAfter ipsilateral wisdom teeth extraction, the volume of hard tissue on the extraction side reduces, and the volume of facial soft tissue does not change evidently. However, further research with large sample size is still needed. The STV measurement has excellent repeatability. It can be extended to other interested areas, including forehead, nose, paranasal, upper lip, lower lip and chin, which is meaningful in the field of orthodontics and orthopedics.Trial registrationChiCTR, ChiCTR1800018305 (11/09/2018), http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=28868.