Handline Fishery Research Articles

Economic of Small-Scale Hand Line Fishery Fleet Production Based On Driving Power in Every Season in The Small Island Park Conservation Area, Southeast Maluku Regency

The economic benefits of hand line production activities carried out by small fishermen utilizing some inputs to produce high economic value output each season in the Kei Kecil small island park (TPK) conservation area differ according to the driving power. Production cost efficiency, effectiveness of production results, and business profits are very important for the sustainability and development of small-scale hand-line fisheries. This study aims to analyze the economics of small-scale hand line production based on the driving power in each season in the TPK Kei conservation area. The type of data needed is primary and secondary data, and the collection method used is triangulation. The analysis used includes analysis of business profits, production cost efficiency, and effectiveness of production results. The results of the analysis show that the production of hand line carried out in the TPK Kei Kecil conservation area in each season is more efficient and effective in the hand line fishing fleet that uses hand line rowing and the highest business profit is the hand line fishing fleet that uses ketinting driving power. The production of small-scale hand lines in the TPK Kei conservation area is small in each season efficiently, effectively, and profitably.

Livelihoods Sustainability of Tuna Handline Fishery in Buru Island

This study aims to assess the status of the sustainability and the factors supporting or hindering the livelihoods of tuna hand line fishermen on Buru Island which includes Buru and south Buru regency. This study applied the FLIRES (Fisheries Livelihood Resilience) Check instrument which combines the principles of the Sustainable Livelihood Analysis (SLA) with the RAPFISH approach. Data collection started from March to August 2020, through observations and interviews of tuna hand line fishermen respondents in seventeen coastal villages in Buru and South Buru. Data were analyzed using RAPFISH which includes multidimensional scaling (MDS), leverage and monte carlo analysis. The results obtained, some index values of livelihood’s sustainability of tuna hand line fishers in the research location, in six fields, namely natural, human, physical, financial, social and instituional, ranged from 43.11 to 69.43, which indicate that the status of livelihoods in Buru is less sustainable in the natural field, while in South Buru it less sustainable in the human, physical and financial fields. Meanwhile, other fields indicate a fairly sustainable status. This study also identified there were 17 sensitive attributes from all fields that were supporting or hindering factors for the livelihood of tuna hand line fishermen in the research location. This finding has been expected to become a reference in improving the sustainability of the livelihoods of tuna hand line fishermen on Buru Island.

Fisheries‐based approach to disentangle mackerel (Scomber scombrus) migration in the Cantabrian Sea

AbstractMackerel is an important commercial pelagic species present in the western and eastern North Atlantic. The Northeast Atlantic Mackerel (NEAM) stock has its southernmost spawning area mainly located western Iberian Peninsula and southern Biscay. This species performs extensive annual migrations. The present study is focused on the distribution of this species along the Cantabrian Sea, an essential area of the South Spawning Component (SSC), and the environmental drivers that can affect its migration phenology. We have used data from Vessel Monitoring System and Logbooks of the hand line fishery to estimate the catch per unit of effort (CPUE) as a proxy of its distribution and abundance. CPUEs data of fisheries targeting NEAM provided us with a tool to discriminate the most important predictors for both its prespawning and the postspawning behavior. Among the drivers that can affect mackerel migration, we have analyzed wind speed and direction, temperature at surface (SST) and at 200 m depth, chlorophylla, mixed layer depth, upwelling intensity, and the most representative geographical variables: depth, slope of the seafloor, and distance to coast. We used generalize additive models to highlight the predictors most closely related to the phenology of the species and to shape the spatial–temporal abundance of NEAM in the southern Bay of Biscay waters. Temperature and wind speed and direction are the most important factors that affect prespawning and postspawning migration of NEAM SSC and shape its niche tracking leading to a gradual advance of the spawning season.

Catch sustainability of the main fish species exploited by handline in locations with distinct management systems in Brazil

Ecological Risk Assessment for the Effects of Fishing (ERAEF) is an assignment process of magnitudes and probabilities to the damaging effects of fishing activities, and is used to identify and prioritize the risks of fishing to marine ecosystems. Productivity and susceptibility analysis (PSA), part of ERAEF, assumes that the susceptibility of a species to impact, and its productivity, determines the potential for recovery of the species if its population collapses. In this study, PSA of the species most caught by the handline fishery of the artisanal fleet from the state of Ceará, Northeast Brazil. Sampling was conducted by monitoring fishing landings from 2017 to 2019 at Mucuripe, Batoque marine protected area (MPA), and Prainha do Canto Verde MPA. The seven productivity attributes were maximum length (Lmax), von Bertalanffy growth coefficient (K), length at first maturity (L50), L50/Lmax, intrinsic growth rate (r), fecundity, and trophic level. The six susceptibility attributes were: availability (the geographic overlap of fishing activity according to species distribution), percentage of individuals caught larger than the L50, management strategy, commercial category, frequency of occurrence, and abundance. The productivity values ranged from 1.24 to 2.88. The species Scomberomorus cavalla showed the lowest productivity, while Holocentrus adscensionis showed the highest productivity with a high r and K. Susceptibility values ranged from 1.18 to 2.27. The species Lutjanus synagris caught at Batoque MPA showed the highest susceptibility, which was a high commercial category score, frequency of occurrence, and abundance at this site. Vulnerability values ranged from 1.71 to 3.46. The species S. cavalla, L. analis, and Ablennes hians were the most vulnerable, ranked as high risk at all sites. H. adscensionis was the least vulnerable at all sites. The vulnerabilities were not statistically different across the sites, suggesting a lack of effective management measures in the MPA.

Some Biological Parameters of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) from the Handline Fishery in the Eastern Part of the Banda Sea

Export quality yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) from the handline fishery in the Banda Sea (Ambon and Seram) is vital in supporting coastal communities. To ensure its sustainability, information on their biological parameters is essential, especially for harvest strategy purposes. A combination of port sampling and fisheries surveys were conducted from January to October 2016 to monitor the catch, effort, size (length and weight), and maturity level of yellowfin tuna. An equal catch proportion of yellowfin and bigeye tuna was found during surveys in Masohi, Seram Island. In contrast, two-thirds of the catch landed in Ambon was dominated by yellowfin tuna. The catch rate varied between 25.5-71.9 kg/day. Length of samples distributed between 65-152 cm FL (mode=104 cm FL), whereas estimated live weight ranged from 6.12-148.92 kg. Both females (W=0.000001*FL3.7190) and males (W=0.000001*FL3.7438) possessed allometric growth. The proportion of males was twice that of females (1: 0.5), where most (47%) of samples were found to be mature. The estimated total mortality (Z) is 1.04/year, with the natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) is around 0.55/year and 0.49/year, respectively. The stock condition allegedly reaching its optimum level tagged by the length at first caught (Lc) was slightly higher in comparasion to length at first maturity (Lm50 ) and utilization rate (E) below 0.55/year.

Catching performance and catching efficiency of siliconized baits in hand line fishery

The present study investigated the catching performance and catching efficiency of natural mud shrimp (alive) (Upogebia pusilla), siliconized mud shrimp and siliconized pellet in handline fishing. The trials were performed in Kıyıkışlacık Village of Muğla province. The main body of the handline is Ø 0.50 mm, leader and snood are Ø 0.27-0.30 mm, the snood length and distance are 10 cm and 20 cm, respectively. Each handline has 3 hooks and the hook type is 4 no straight. Catches from natural mud shrimp, siliconized shrimp and siliconized pellet bait retained separately, sorted by species and weighed as. 0.01 g sensitivity and measured as the total length. Totally 590 individuals from 30 different species in total were caught including; 28 bony fish (93.33%), and 2 cephalopods (0.66%). While natural mud shrimp captured the 50.7% of fish, 44.7% and 4.6% were caught with siliconized mud shrimp and siliconized pellet, respectively. CPUE values of natural mud shrimp, siliconized shrimp and silicon pellet were calculated as 1.57 n/h, 1.38 n/h and 0.14 n/h, respectively. In addition, YPUE values were determined as 121.84 g/h, 137.73 g/h and 7.62 g/h for natural mud shrimp, siliconized shrimp and silicon pellet, respectively. Despite the fact that the number of individuals that a live mud shrimp catch in a unit of time is high, it was found out that the weight is more in a unit of time when silicone mud shrimp is used. It was concluded that using of siliconized mud shrimp has a high capacity of catching performance and catching efficiency and can be used as bait when natural mud shrimp cannot be utilized as alive or unable to be supplied, due to the weather conditions and time restrictions.

Peningkatan Hard Skill Sistem Informasi Digital Perikanan Tangkap di Era Digital 4.0

fishermen must be adaptive to technological advancement. Community service in the form of increasing the hard skill of the digital information system for fishing fishing in the digital era aims to make it easier for fishermen to carry out their livelihood activities. Activities are carried out online for theory and offline for practice. The target partners were trained as many as 30 people from the hand line fishery community of the Maladum Mes district. The results of monitoring the target partners can practice the material presented.

Long-lived life history for onaga Etelis coruscans in the Hawaiian Islands

Onaga Etelis coruscans is an important component of the commercial deep-water handline fishery in Hawaii and is one of the more valuable species because of its local popularity. This species is part of a management unit called the Deep 7, a data-poor fishery comprising six snapper and one grouper species for which information about age, growth, longevity and maturity is incomplete. Although some life history information is available for onaga, prior estimates of maximum age (~10–20 years) likely suffered from underestimation of age, whereas two recent studies provided estimates that were similar to the work presented here—a refined age reading protocol revealed age estimates up to 55 years. This maximum age estimate and the age reading protocol used on onaga otoliths were validated using bomb radiocarbon dating. Using an otolith reference image age reading protocol that relied on the validated otolith sections, almost all onaga otoliths covering nearly the full body size range were used to generate valid growth parameters that may be sexually dimorphic. An empirical estimate of age at the length at which 50% of individuals reach maturity (L50) is 11 years, and fish near the minimum retention size in Hawaii (1 lb (~0.45kg) or ~30-cm fork length) may be just 2–3 years old.

Hook selectivity and catch efficiency in two sport fishing sectors in the Strait of Istanbul, Turkey: Classic handline fishing and Light Rock Fishing (LRF)

In this study, the efficiency of two fishing methods (a) traditional handline commonly used in the Strait of Istanbul and (b) light rock fishing (LRF), which is beginning to spread in recent years, were investigated by monthly sampling between September 2014 and September 2015. One classic handline fishing tackle and one LRF fishing tackle were used in the test fishing exercise. In addition, the effects of the hook sizes (numbers 6, 8 and 10) used in the handline fishery on the size selectivity for horse mackerels were also studied. Catches using both types of fishing gear were mainly composed of Trachurus mediterraneus (89.60%), Scorpeana porcus (5.12%), Sardina pilchardus (1.98%), Atherina boyeri (0.99%), Liza aurata (0.66%), Scorpaena scrofa (0.50%), Pomatomus saltatrix (0.33%), Sprattus sprattus (0.33%) and a few other species. The frequency distributions of horse mackerel caught using handlines and LRF were slightly different and ranged between 6.1–19.0 cm and 9.0–16.0 cm, respectively. Of all the handlines, LRF yielded the highest catch per unit effort (CPUE), 1.295 kg/10 hooks/hour. The log normal model selectivity curve gave the best fit for the T. mediterraneus by using the SELECT method. The modal lengths of horse mackerel caught by handline hook sizes no.10 and no. 8 hook were calculated as 13.4 cm and 17.7 cm, respectively. In addition, the spread values were determined with 3.58 and 4.74, respectively.

SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF YELLOWFIN TUNA CAUGHT BY HANDLINE IN THE INDIAN OCEAN, SOUTH OF NUSA TENGGARA

One of the main targets from small-scale handline tuna fishery is yellowfin tuna (Thunnusalbacares), where most, if not all of its operation depended heavily on the installment of the fish aggregating device (FAD). The objective of the study was to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of catch and size of yellowfin tuna from FAD-associated handline fishery. The study was conducted from January to December 2018 with main observation location was in Labuhan Lombok fishing port, West Nusa Tenggara. The results showed that the highest catch rate was obtained during April-June, followed by the frequent emergence of large yellowfin tuna (>100 cm FL). On the other hand, January-March was considered as a low season, where most of the catch was dominated by juvenile yellowfin tuna (<50 cmFL). The spatial distribution of yellowfin tuna abundance is closely related to the presence of FADs, where all fishing operations are carried out around FADs. Also, aggregation of fish was more likely influence by temporal variation rather than the quantity of FAD. More abundant yellowfin tuna were found during the east monsoon (April-June) compared to another season where less fish occurred.

The financial business characteristics of hand line fisheries in the SAP Area of Raja Ampat Islands and the surrounding sea

Aktivitas perikanan tangkap di Kawasan Suaka Alam Peraian (SAP) Kabupaten Raja Ampat sebagian besar adalah usaha perikanan skala kecil. Pengembangan usaha alat tangkap pancing ulur menjadi sangat penting untuk pemanfaatan secara berkelanjutan kegiatan perikanan tangkap skala kecil di kawasan konservasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai kelayakan usaha perikanan pancing ulur dari aspek finansial dan resiko pengembangannya di Kawasan SAP Kepulauan Raja Ampat dan laut sekitarnya. Jenis data yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian analisis parameter finansial, kriteria investasi dan analisis resiko usaha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usaha perikanan pancing ulur di Kawasan SAP Kabupaten Raja Ampat dan laut sekitarnya mendapatkan keuntungan dan layak untuk dikembangkan. Dilihat dari analisis kelayakan finansial usaha dengan nilai keuntungan sebesar Rp. 9.003.171,00, nilai R/C ratio sebesar 1,11 dan nilai payback periode (PP) sebesar 2,95 tahun. Dilihat dari kelayakan investasi menunjukkan bahwa nilai NPV&gt;0, net B/C&gt;1 dan IRR&gt; tingkat suku bunga yang berlaku 5,25%. Dilihat dari resikonya bahwa usaha pancing ulur masuk dalam kategori tidak beresiko untuk dikembangkan. Hasil ini dilihat dari nilai CV (0,2) ≤ 0,5 maka nilai L (8.428.400) ≥ 0, yang berarti perusahaan akan selalu untung atau impas dan tidak mengalami resiko kerugian.

Lesson learned of EAFM from pole and line fishery based in Sikka Regency, Nusa Tenggara Timur

Sikka Regency, Nusa Tenggara Timur is one of the key landing places for tuna in Indonesia’s archipelagic waters (IAW), which was selected for pilot scale application of EAFM. This study was aimed to identify some best practices of the EAFM application from pole and line fishery based in Sikka Regency. Pole and line data were collected by the observer and port sampling programs, data from handline fishery collected from other areas within the IAW was also investigated. Furthermore, for broader comparison purposes, trends from purse seine fishery operated in other areas within the IAW were also used. Data from pole and line fishery in Sikka Regency were analyzed to obtain length distribution by gear. Stakeholder consultative meetings were conducted to investigate some key issues and possible improvements for the fishery. Skipjack was the most predominant species caught by pole and line and purse seine (> 60%) but mostly immature fish. All yellowfin tuna caught by pole and line and purse seine was immature. It is recommended to reduce small-sized yellowfin catch and to maximize the economic benefit to local fishers. In addition, improvement of FAD management implementation, monitoring, and law enforcement are required reflected best practice of EAFM.

Hook size selectivity in the artisanal handline fishery of Shimoni fishing area, south coast, Kenya

Selectivity of five handline fishing hook sizes was determined following Holt’s 1963 model using data that was collected during January to June, 2016. A total of 966 fish specimens comprising of 65 species belonging to 23 families were sampled. Fish abundance was low for large sized hooks while catch rate was higher. Species diversity was higher during the northeast monsoon season and at the study sites of Mpunguti and Nyuli. However, species diversity decreased with increase in hook size. All hook sizes had a higher selection for mature Lethrinus borbonicus while hook size No. 8 selected immature Lethrinus lentjan. Hook sizes No. 9 and 10 selected mature L. lentjan and Lethrinus rubrioperculatus, hook size No. 15 selected immature L. lentjan, L. rubrioperculatus and Aprion virescens, while hook size No. 16 selected immature A. virescens and L. rubrioperculatus. Species similarity was higher for fish caught by hook sizes No. 16 and 15, and No. 8 and 9, while those captured by hook size No. 10 differed from those caught by other hook sizes. The larger hook size No. 8 is recommended for the sustainable exploitation species in the artisanal handline fishery in Shimoni fishing area. Future work needs to consider the effects of bait type and size and the stock status of the fish under exploitation.

Balık bırakma takımlarının barotravma tedavi performansı ve balıkçılık operasyonlarına etkileri

The aim of this study is to analyze the barotrauma treatment performance of different fish release devices and its effects on different fishing operations. Experiments were carried out between September 2017 and April 2018 in the Iskenderun Bay, located in the Eastern Mediterranean. Fishing Release Hook (FRH), Fish Release Clamp (FRC) and Fish Release Basket (FRB) were tested in three different fishing activities, which are longline, hand line and bottom trawl fishery, respectively for Epinephelus aeneus, Epinephelus costae and Nemipterus randalli. They were released into the sea after fishing operations. Study results showed that fish release devices were very effective for barotrauma treatment. The use of FRB is suitable for bottom trawl fishing, while the use of FRH and FRC is more ergonomic in longline and hand line fishery.

ĐÁNH GIÁ RỦI RO SINH THÁI CỦA NGHỀ KHAI THÁC CÁ NGỪ ĐẠI DƯƠNG Ở BIỂN VIỆT NAM ĐỐI VỚI CÁC LOÀI KHAI THÁC THỨ CẤP

Ecological risk assessments of the oceanic tuna fisheries on the secondary species in the Sea of Vietnam were conducted following the productivity and susceptibility analysis (PSA) method suggested by Marine Stewardship Council. The secondary species were identified through compilation and analysis of data collected in 67 observer trips conducted on board of commercial tuna fisheries by Research Institute for Marine Fisheries (RIMF) and WWF-Vietnam during the period 2000-2016. The consequence analysis pointed out that there were 12 secondary species of tuna fisheries which were taken into PSA analysis. The results indicated that most of species were at medium and low risk level. Species considered at medium risk are Pelagic thresher (Alopias pelagicus), Blue shark (Prionace glauca), Scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini), Wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri), Escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum), Indo-Pacific sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and at low risk are Longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol), Swordfish (Xiphias gladius), Snake mackerel (Gempylus serpens), Black marlin (Makaira indica), Indo-Pacific blue marlin (M. mazara) and Common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus). Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) and Bigeye Tuna (T. obesus) are target species and both at ecologically low risk level. The results also showed that tuna handline fishery has less impacts on group of secondary species compared to longline fishery.

A changing fishery system: perspectives from crew in the Southern Cape’s handline fishery

ABSTRACTFishers operating on smaller scales are vulnerable to stressors at multiple temporal and spatial scales that drive change in marine social-ecological systems (SES). Apart from natural variability, the effects of anthropogenic change and developmental challenges add to complexity and uncertainty. Fishers need to proactively implement response strategies to achieve sustainable livelihoods and well-being. To do so, the impact and interplay of drivers of change within SES need to be better understood. Participant-led research was conducted with the crew who operate in the small-scale linefishery of the Southern Cape (South Africa) between 2014 and 2015. Fishers’ perspectives were recorded using asurvey with 59 households. Specifically, the research seeks to establish what knowledge the crew of the linefishery hold of the drivers of change in their area of operation. The results offer an analysis focusing on the stressors in the natural system, social and economic (sub-)systems, policy and regulatory issues and insights into the fishers’ attitude towards change and adaptation options. The research, complimenting previous research, contributes to the understanding of this SES by providing insights into this linefishery which needs to be accounted for when considering future responses to change.

Length-weight relationships of three reef fish species from Kei Islands, Southeast Maluku, Indonesia

This study is aimed to evaluate the length-weight relationship (LWRs) of three dominances reef fishes collected during January-December 2016 in 13 sites of fish landing in Kei Islands, Southeast Maluku. A simple linear regression was used as a tool for analysis the LWRs of these three species. A total of 744 fishes were collected from the gill net and handline fishery, they were Siganus lineatus (n=185), Caesio cuning(n=307) and Lethrinus lentjan (n=252). The results from linear regression analysis clarified that the growth pattern of S. lineatus was positive allometric (b = 3.02, r2 = 0.7773), where increasing ofits weight isfaster than its length. Conversely, the growth pattern of C. cuning and L. lentjan were negative allometric, where increasing of their lengths are faster than their weights (b=2.72, r2=0.90 and b = 2.89, r2 = 0.94, respectively). Furthermore, this finding helps in implementation a sustainable management of fish resources in the future.

Fisher responses to private monitoring interventions in an Indonesian tuna handline fishery

Information is central to the assessment and regulation of fisheries, yet underreporting remains a persistent problem, especially in the small-scale and developing country fisheries. Private actors, using a variety of enumeration approaches and technologies, have started to supplement government enumeration programs to meet a range of reporting obligations. This paper introduces a social practices approach to understand the response of fishers to private enumeration interventions. We base our analysis on the introduction of landing enumeration, fisher logbooks and Spot Trace devices by the Indonesian NGO, Masyarakat dan Perikanan Indonesia (MDPI) in a Fair Trade USA certified handline tuna fishery in Eastern Indonesia. The results show how a social practices approach offers a grounded understanding of responses to monitoring interventions that extends beyond conventional analyses of fishery-dependent data collection. The paper concludes that understanding data collection as a set of socially mediated practices that intervene in established fishing and landing practices can help to improve the design of fisheries data collection.

Effect of Hook and Bait Size on Catch Efficiency in the Persian Gulf Recreational Fisheries

AbstractThe effect of hook and bait sizes on the catch efficiency and size composition of Spangled Emperor Lethrinus nebulosus, Orange‐spotted Grouper Epinephelus coioides, and Narrowbarred Mackerel Scomberomorus commerson was investigated in the recreational and semi‐subsistence handline fishery in the Persian Gulf. Based on expectations that increasing hook and bait sizes would decrease the catch efficiency of the smaller individuals while maintaining the catch efficiency of larger fish, we investigated the effect of increasing hook and bait sizes. For all three species, the results indicated slightly lower catch efficiency for the smaller fish when larger hooks were used. Furthermore, the results demonstrated a significant increase in catch efficiency for the larger sizes of Spangled Emperor and Orange‐spotted Grouper when fished with larger hooks, an effect that increased with fish size for both species. Additionally, the overall catch efficiency did not vary significantly when increasing hook and bait sizes for the three species investigated. This study shows that fishing with larger hooks and larger bait would change the exploitation pattern of these species toward higher proportions of larger fish in the catches. Moreover, based on the size distribution of the species on the fishing grounds during the study period, the use of larger hooks and bait would lead to significant increases in the total number of Spangled Emperor caught (41% increase; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 17–69%) and the total number of Orange‐spotted Grouper caught (151% increase; 95% CI = 132–336%), respectively. The results indicated a similar effect for Narrowbarred Mackerel; however, the effect was far less profound than for the two other species and was not significant for any size‐classes.

Performance of rumpon-based tuna fishery in the Fishing Port of Sendangbiru, Malang, Indonesia

Catch records on FADs-based tuna fishery (hand-line) in the southern of East Java was conducted in fishing base of Sendangbiru, from February 2016 to May 2017. Total 45 rumpon (FADs) were found within space area of 64,081 square nautical miles, with average between FADs distant of 25 nautical miles. All FADs were located outside Fisheries Management Areas, except one FAD of code 31. Hand-line fishery was designed for a maximum fishing trip of 14 days. Total catch biomass mainly determined fishing trip. When catch exceeded 1,000 kg, fishermen tend to turn back although with < 10 days fishing trip. Yellowfin tuna and skipjacks were two main species that formed total catch with average catch biomass varied amongst 425–1,360 kg trip-1. Apart from baby-tuna, yellowfin tuna and albacore within catch were at size class higher than its first maturity stage. However, length-class of skipjack indicated that it still in immature stage. Despite of FAD license, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries neither informed nor aware the position of these FADs.