Theory Of Habitus Research Articles

DA’WAH, RELIGIOUS ACTIVISM AND DIGITAL ARENA: THE EXPERIENCES OF STUDENT ACTIVIST’S IN UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MALANG, INDONESIA

The dynamic of da’wah among students have special characteristics in packaging da’wah content, selection of da'i and contextual trends in it. In addition, student figures of da’wah activists are representations of urban Muslims who are closely related to religious symbols, especially in the digital arena. Da’wah and religious activism in the digital arena, especially within the scope of urban youth, are the core topics of this research. This study took a sample on the Instagram posts of UKM BDM al Hikmah Universitas Negeri Malang by focusing on the da’wah narratives used. Through Bourdieu's habitus theory, Weber's theory of religious authority and visual semiotics, virtual da’wah narratives and the existence of da'i chosen by BDM al Hikmah, UM and the selection of da’wah content are two important problem formulations in this research. The findings of this study provide an overview of the position of preachers in the digital space having at least three capitals, namely social, charisma and rational. Meanwhile, in the visual semiotics review, the choice of language and discussion of da’wah that is carried out is more in accordance with the contexts and contemporary problems faced by listeners, there has been a dynamic negotiation process between the da’i and the listener

Cultural Adaptation of Sedulur Sikep: Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy in Baturejo Village

Background: Integration of various knowledge in response to various things that interfere with their existence both geographically, economically, socially maintaining livelihood assets, encouraging changes in the context of life of the Sedulur Sikep community. The perspective of political ecology in the context of disasters due to development impacts is responded by collaboration built as a network with academics, non-governmental organizations, legal aid institutions and the media. Aim: This study generally aims to analyze the cultural adaptation carried out by the Sedulur Sikep community in Baturejo Village. Method: This study combines habitus theory and cultural adaptation with the Sustainable Livelihood Framework approach to understand aspects and characteristics of Sedulur Sikep life in rural Baturejo. Community-based disaster risk reduction carried out by Sedulur Sikep was investigated qualitatively using the Participatory Rural Appraisal method to see with various variables, namely: potential and access to resources, vulnerability and capacity, processes and involvement in the Kendeng Care Community network, and see the extent of global/market influence on Sedulur Sikep's vulnerability. Data was obtained through interviews and observations. Inductive writing method that is done descriptively. Findings: The management of knowledge contained in social values in Sedulur Sikep to maintain the balance of living order with nature is the response capacity of Sedulur Sikep in maintaining livelihood assets and mainstreaming community-based disaster risk reduction in the nature of prevention and mitigation.

Agus Prasetyo Aktor dan Rol Wayang Orang Sriwedari

Agus Prasetyo: Actors and Role of Wayang Orang Sriwedari is an analysis of a person’s character. Agus Prasetyo’s ability of acting and artistic process to become a role is interesting to study because his existence has an impact on the sustainability and development of the Wayang Orang Sriwedari. The problem that is revealed is how the process of Agus Prasetyo becomes a role and its impact in terms of the sustainability and development of the Sriwedari Wayang Orang. Habitus theory is used to examine Agus Prasetyo’s process as an actor. The text and context approaches are used to find factors that support Agus Prasetyo to be a role model. The data collection is carried out by using the methods of observation, literature studies and interview. The collected data is analyzed using a data analysis process that emphasizes interpretative descriptive. The analytical study finds that Agus Prasetyo’s process of becoming a wayang orang actor is obtained through an educational process in the family, school and environment. This analysis also reveals that Agus Prasetyo’s acting as a role is supported by his creative and improvisational abilities in applying tembung (words), tandang (work) and tembang (songs).

Practical Manifesto for a Theatre of Repetition

In the preface to the English translation of Félix Ravaisson’s De l’habitude (2008 [1838], eds and trans. Claire Carlisle and Mark Sinclair, London: Continuum), Catherine Malabou identifies ‘two basic ways of speaking of habit’ in the European philosophical tradition, either as ‘a primary ontological phenomenon’ or as an ‘epitome of inauthenticity’; she suggests that we are ‘habituated’ to the second (vii). Indeed, in our everyday experience, especially in the West, habit has acquired this overall negative connotation of an automatic routine. However, even when considered more positively as an ‘ontological phenomenon’, this acknowledgement of habit’s decisive role in the constitution of identity is no guarantee against the deadening effects of its automatisms. Since these effects can be quite explicit, whatever creative force underlies the phenomenon will remain concealed unless it is somehow brought to the surface of experience. In other words, one has to reconcile the potentially stultifying forces of habit with the perhaps more subtle, but just as resilient, generative ones. To this end, a performance practice that may at once manifest habit’s hidden sense and neutralize its side effects would go some way to complement a theoretical understanding of the phenomenon. Accordingly, in the spirit of a manifesto, this article first lays out a statement of values and then considers a number of workable principles for the theatre, with both instances based on relevant theories of habit and on my practice-as-research on the work of actors, oscillating between spontaneity and repetition.

People Habitus and Sustainability Through Reading Literature After the COVID-19 Pandemic

The world has suffered from COVID-19 since 2020. The high rate of death happens everywhere. In addition, nearly all sectors of life have been destroyed, which leads to chaotic situations. Suddenly people have to be able to survive in many ways. Not only must they get through death, but mentally as well. It is the moment when people express how they feel in literary works to balance their emotions with their mental states. This paper aims to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on particular social groups through reading literary works, and how these literary works can positively change people who survived when the pandemic occurred. Qualitative research is the method used in this paper. On employing Habitus theory from Pierre Bordieu on selected fields, media, and practices, we found that some people tend to read literature more during pandemics. They choose the pandemic topic, neither the classic nor the newest literature readings. Having read specific readings, they find salvation and form a sense of hope in dealing with the outbreak. This paper results that through rigorous literature reading, habitus is formed to ensure sustainability post-pandemic (COVID-19).
 Keywords: habitus, sustainability, reading literature, post-pandemic

TRANSFER KAPITAL: Studi Praktik Ulama Dalam Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Kota Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat

This study is carried out to explain a capital transfer owned by Ulama in act of eradicating poverty. Religious leaders known as ulama are intelligent individuals with traits common to the pesantren. They have their own habits, which include living in an environment where Islamic ideals are ingrained. In such contexts, there is something to do with how do the ulama go about their daily lives in a society that is always changing. This study uses a qualitative method. Inductively, it is possible to deduce the research findings from the described phenomena. The data were collected systematically through observation, interviews, and recording of data sources. The data collection took place at the Al-Amin Islamic Boarding School in Tasikmalaya City. The habitus theory is used in the study framework to examine the methods of ulama to alleviate poverty. According to the study's findings, the ulama possess socioeconomic, cultural, and symbolic capital. Transferring one capital into another is possible. In the pesantren setting, community empowerment serves as the format. Additionally, the ulama amassed material wealth in the form of religious capital and other types of capital, which improved their standing in society. The process of multiplying habits with capital strength that is gathered in the social environment that allows for a process of interaction between individuals who play a role in poverty alleviation is how the clergy practice of it.

Habits and Reflective Processes in COVID-19 Transmission-reducing Behaviors: Examining Theoretical Predictions in a Representative Sample of the Population of Scotland.

Based on theory, COVID-19 transmission-reducing behaviors (TRBs) should become habitual because of their frequent performance. Habits have been hypothesized to develop through reflective processes and, to act in conjunction with them. We investigated the existence, development, and consequences of TRB habits, for physical distancing, handwashing, and wearing face coverings. A representative sample of the Scottish population (N = 1,003) was interviewed by a commercial polling company in August-October 2020 and half were re-interviewed later. Measures included adherence, habit, personal routine tendency, reflective processes, and action control for three TRBs. Data were analyzed using general linear modeling, regression, and mediation analyses. Handwashing was most habitual; only face covering became more habitual over time. Routine tendencies predicted TRB habits, and adherence to handwashing and physical distancing. Those reporting greater habits reported better adherence, for physical distancing and handwashing, and this remained true after controlling for previous adherence. Reflective and habit processes independently predicted adherence for physical distancing and handwashing; only reflective processes were independently predictive for face covering. The relationship between planning and forgetting and adherence was partly direct, and partly mediated by habit. The results confirm hypotheses from habit theory including the role of repetition and of personal routine tendency in developing habits. They are consistent with dual processing theory in finding that both reflective and habit processes predict adherence to TRBs. Action planning partly mediated the relation between reflective processes and adherence. The COVID-19 pandemic has enabled the testing and confirmation of several theoretical hypotheses about habit processes in the enactment of TRBs.

The mediating role of behavioural automaticity and intention on past to future bootcamp attendance

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of the current study was to test whether behavioural automaticity and intention mediated the effects of past behaviour on a particular type of vigorous physical exercise: bootcamp attendance. Methods A community sample (N = 69) who had previously attended a bootcamp class was recruited from Queensland, Australia. Participants were asked to complete measures of their previous bootcamp attendance, behavioural automaticity, and intention to attend bootcamps (Time 1). One month later (Time 2), participants were asked to report their bootcamp attendance and behavioural automaticity in the previous month. Data were fitted to a Partial Least Squares-SEM model. Results Past behaviour predicted both intention and behavioural automaticity. However, while behavioural automaticity significantly predicted prospectively measured behaviour and mediated the past-future behaviour relationship, there was no significant relationship between intention and bootcamp attendance. Past behaviour still predicted future behaviour beyond both behavioural automaticity and intention. Conclusions Current results support dual process and habit theory in that behavioural automaticity accounts for a portion of the residual effect of past behaviour on future behaviour which is not accounted for by intentional processes. The lack of significant effect by intention may also support these theories, as bootcamp classes likely occur in a stable context (e.g., at a prescribed time and in a regular location), encouraging habitual responding over considered decision-making.

HABITUS PEMAIN GAME ONLINE DALAM KEKERASAN VERBAL DI WARUNG KOPI

All processes of social interaction in humans are important, including being useful as an effort to build relationships between them. One form of social interaction that occurs in humans is playing. The sophistication of adult technology now presents various developments in playing such as online games. The process of playing online games is proven to leave various kinds of social problems, including verbal violence. This research is a case study using a qualitative method that aims to look deeper into the phenomenon of verbal violence that occurs among online game players in coffee shops which are a forum for social interaction for the surrounding community, located in Lhokseumawe City, in Aceh's construction as Veranda of Mecca. The research subjects were verbal violence in online games, and the objects of this research were academics, community leaders, and online game players. Data collection techniques through observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews using the habitus theory approach. The results of the study show that the neglect of cultural values and the Islamic Shari'a system by online game players triggers verbal violence behavior. In line with these conditions, other variables that become triggers are self-principles, stress, opponents at play, imitating behavior and weak supervision and application of rules.

Reciprocal relations between past behavior, implicit beliefs, and habits: A cross-lagged panel design.

The current study assessed cross-lagged relationships between binge drinking, implicit beliefs, and habit in undergraduate university students (N = 105). Students completed self-report survey and implicit measures in lab visits 3 months apart. A structural equation model revealed cross-lagged relations between habit and behavior, and some evidence for a reciprocal relationship between implicit beliefs and habit. Implicit beliefs were related to alcohol behavior across time, but no cross-lagged relationship was observed. Findings provide preliminary support for recent advances in habit theory, suggesting that implicit beliefs and habit may develop in tandem or even share common knowledge structures and schemas.

Habitus and labeling of at-risk school dropout children at the high school level in Lamongan Regency

Children who are at risk of dropping out of school are a social problem in the field of education. This study aimed to determine the habitus and labeling of at-risk school dropout children at senior high schools in the Lamongan Regency. The theoretical framework used was the Habitus theory proposed by Pierre Bourdieu and the Labeling theory by George Herbert Mead. This study employed qualitative methods. The informants in this study were high school students or equivalent. This study found that habitus among at-risk school dropout children leads to deviant behavior and labeling. This can encourage children to drop out of school. In addition, fields and capital also do not support children in studying. Children’s problems are also seen in the deviations committed both in the social and educational environment. That is what makes children have a label or nickname in society and their peer environment. This study can be used to inform government policies in the field of education, particularly in dealing with children prone to dropping out of school. In this case, the involvement of schools, teachers, parents, and the community is also essential.

Cultural Habitus, Poverty Traps and High Incidence of Esophageal CancerBased on A Field Observation in Linzhou, China

In the paper, the human behavior risk factors of esophageal cancer will be summarized and sorted out, Linzhou, a high-incidence area of esophageal cancer in northern China, is regarded as the field observation object for the study, and it is hoped that the reasons for many risk factors continuously existing in high-risk areas are explained by Bourdieus habitus theory, meanwhile, the existence and prevention of esophageal cancer in Linzhou was described correspondingly, and the economic and cultural background behind it was tried to explore. As an epitome of major prevention and control of diseases in rural areas of China, the study can be an effective supplement to anthropology and epidemiology in the field.

Bourdieu's Habit Theory on Modern China Enlightenment of family cultural literacy cultivation

In addition to the school's cultural curriculum , the cultivation of family cultural literacy also has an important impact on children's academic performance. Bourdieu 's habituation theory provides possible reflections on this point of view . Based on Bourdieu's habitus theory , this paper aims to explore the implications of this theory for the cultivation of cultural literacy in modern Chinese families.

Interaksi Sosial Siswa Atas Lingkungan Sekolah di SDN 2 Sidoharjo

The success of the influence of the school environment in the process of various social actions of several students. The purpose of this research is to use an appropriate description of the basic functions of the school environment in the formation of behavior according to the social demands of students. The location of the research occurred at Public Elementary School (SDN) 2 Sidoharjo, Tugumulyo District, Musi Rawas Regency. The method used in research is an incident or case study. Data collection techniques derived from observation, in-depth interviews and documentation tools, with good informants coming from students, teachers and local community leaders who were determined by purposive sampling. In this study, Bourdieu's theory of habitus and arena is used, in which the habitus is assessed by all activities in the school and the arena is the frequency of the school environment. The results showed that students' social actions were evident in all forms of activities carried out by students in certain social situations. A student's social awareness will be formed by various factors, it could be the reason for external factors or internal factors, meaning that one's actions will continue to be able to adapt to various social situations. The function of the involvement of the school environment in students' social actions, for example: exemplary, habituation, advice, control mechanisms, sanctioning systematic sustainability. Elements of society as one of the applications of all social behavior of many students become an inseparable part and play a role as control of the scale of social priorities in order to become good students.

THE USE OF ENGLISH IN INDONESIAN FILM TITLES: A HABITUS IN THE INDONESIAN POST-NEW ORDER FILM INDUSTRY

The use of English in several Indonesian film titles is a reality that has been seen since the collapse of the New Order era in 1998. Aspects of social conditions and historical background led to the assumption that the use of English in several Indonesian film titles is related. Therefore, this study aims to prove this assumption by using qualitative methods and a phenomenological approach supported by literature studies in examining social conditions and historical contexts that encourage the birth of phenomena in the Indonesian film industry based on a cultural perspective by applying Bourdieu's habitus theory. emphasizes habitus as a historical product and the role of English in Indonesia after the collapse of the New Order era. The results of the study prove that the rapid development of Indonesian cinema, in terms of the use of English in a number of Indonesian film titles, cannot be separated from the historical context, globalization, and social conditions that underlie its emergence. Such a phenomenon then becomes a recurring habit in the Indonesian film industry which shows that habitus is a product of history. This is also a sign that departs from the increasing role of English in the post-New Order era, because there is no longer any control or restriction on the use of Indonesian under the pretext of uniformity and improvement of national identity.

A LINK TO RECIDIVISM: EXCLUDING FEMALE OFFENDERS SERVING SHORT SENTENCES FROM REHABILITATION PROGRAMMES

Objective. This study discusses the issue of rehabilitation and the lived reality of female offenders serving short-term sentences who are excluded from rehabilitation programmes. This exclusion ill-equips the women from reforming their criminal behaviours leading to a life of recidivism. It also examines Bourdieu’s theory of habitus to identify a suitably unifying theoretical framework to analyse female criminality and the link between short-term sentences and recidivism. Material and methods. The explorative and ethnographic lens gives voice to social realities of the offender’s punishment, rehabilitation (or lack thereof), reintegration, and recidivism. As female offenders only constitute 3% of the correctional population in South Africa, the sample was limited to ten female offenders. Results. While research on female criminality has just starting to receive attention in South Africa, rehabilitation programmes are still mostly geared toward the reform of criminal behaviour amongst male offenders and a gender-sensitive correctional programme has been overlooked. Ironically by default, female offenders serving short-term sentences are further overlooked as they are excluded from rehabilitation programmes. Conclusion. The study makes a case that a gender-sensitive rehabilitation programme (with a focus on empowering women as decision makers capable of acquiring competence in areas such as motherhood, education, and skills development) needs to be available to all females entering the penal and corrective system. Without being equipped to deal with a variety of challenges which may affect adjustment to life outside the correctional facility and maintain their reformative behaviours, a great risk of recidivism for female offenders arises. Keywords: rehabilitation, recidivism, female offenders, short-term sentences, exclusion.

СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНЫЙ ГАБИТУС ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ УЧАЩЕЙСЯ МОЛОДЕЖИ: ФАКТОРЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОСТИ РОССИЙСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА1

Objective of the study is to consider the civic identity of the student youth, its status in the social structure of society and its connection with the socio-cultural habitus, as well as the factors of formation in the conditions of uncertainty of Russian society. The methodological basis of the research is based on the use of the provisions of a number of theories: habitus theory, constructivism theory, value and institutional approaches. Research results. The socio-cultural habitus of the civic identity of the student youth is considered as a manifestation of the identity of youth within the framework of the formation of its civic identity, which is: formed under the influence of social institutions that transmit cultural values and norms operating in Russian society; determined by the position of the individual in the social structure, is based on the principles of law and is associated with social self-organization. Three groups of factors of formation of the habitus of civic identity of youth are identified: culture based on certain norms and values; patriotism and patriotic education of youth; historical memory. Based on these factors, a cognitive model of the formation of the civic identity of students is constructed. Prospects of the study are related to the subsequent study of strengthening the civic and regional identity of students in a modern society of risk and social uncertainty in order to consolidate Russian society.

Becoming Roman? Two-Sided Stelae in Lucus Augusti and its Hinterland

In this article we analyze the two-sided stelae of Lucus Augusti and its hinterland, unique pieces throughout the Roman Empire, with the aim of compiling the information we have about them and analyzing them from the perspective of postcolonial romanization theories. To this end, Bourdieuʼs theory of habitus is fundamentally used, understanding habitus as a generator of principles of social behavior. The use of the toga in the representations of these stelae and their link with Roman citizenship are key to understanding who commissioned these funerary monuments, as well as the correct interpretation of the themes on the reverse provide us with new data. The analysis of the granite blocks allows us to know that they were not large stelae or with an epigraphic text that is now lost, but that it was a conscious choice which they did not have text rather images on both sides. The two-sided stelae are the reflection of a local custom, that is, part of a new hybrid culture: the provincial Galician-Roman culture.
 *This article was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Universities called “Ayudas para la Formación de Profesorado Universitario” (FPU19/00148). This research was conducted within the framework of the R+D+i project “Nuevas bases documentales para el estudio histórico de la Hispania romana de época republicana: ciudadanía romana y latinidad (90 a.C. – 45 a.C.)” (PID2019-105940GB-I00) (4 years).

Does adolescents’ social anxiety trigger problematic smartphone use, or vice versa? A comparison between problematic and unproblematic smartphone users

Smartphone provides diverse indirect communication channels for users, which may attract people with social anxiety. Due to the high risk of developing social anxiety and problematic smartphone use (PSU) in adolescence, it is important to investigate whether social anxiety will trigger PSU or vice versa among this group in the smartphone era. Also, most previous PSU studies include amounts of unproblematic smartphone users in the analyses, which may “muddy the waters.” Participants were 582 adolescent smartphone users (including 201 problematic users) who completed the investigation at time 1 (T1) and time 2 (T2). A bias-corrected factor score path analysis (BCFSPA) was adopted to estimate data with small or moderate sample size. BCFSPA showed that social anxiety at T1 positively predicted PSU at T2 among problematic (vs. unproblematic) smartphone users. Also, PSU at T1 positively predicted social anxiety at T2 among unproblematic (vs. problematic) smartphone users. Our results have identified social anxiety as a risk factor for PSU among adolescent problematic (vs. unproblematic) smartphone users; the compensatory Internet use model combined with the habit theory of addiction can explain this finding. Besides, the dilution effect hypothesis can explain the effect of PSU on social anxiety among unproblematic (vs. problematic) smartphone users.

The art of forming habits: applying habit theory in changing physical activity behaviour

BackgroundHabits are obtained as a consequence of cue-contingent behavioural repetition. Context cues stimulate strong habits without an individual contemplating that action has been initiated. Because of its health-enhancing effects, making physical activity a part of one’s life is essential. This study examined the associations of physical activity (PA) behaviours with PA habits and the role of autonomous motivation in developing PA habits.MethodsThis study used a cross-sectional design. A structured questionnaire was implemented through emails to 226 university students, where PA levels, habits and autonomous motivation were self-reported.ResultsBinary logistic regression identified age groups, gender and participants who were trying to lose weight as the significant predictors in meeting physical activity guidelines. Path analysis showed that moderate-intensity physical activity (β = 0.045, CI = 0.069–0.248) and strength training exercises (β = 0.133, CI = 0.148–0.674) were significantly associated with PA habits (p < 0.01). Autonomous motivation was directly associated with PA habits (β = 0.062, CI = [0.295–0.541], p < 0.01) and was also significantly related to moderate-intensity physical activity (β = 0.243, CI = [0.078–0.266], p < 0.01) and strength training exercises (β = 0.202, CI = [0.033–0.594], p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe emphasis on experiment-based logic and interest in habit formation in the research community is extensive. As the college years offer an excellent opportunity to establish healthy behavioural interventions, encouraging students in regular PA and exhibiting an autonomous motivation towards PA may be necessary.