Guttman Split-half Coefficient Research Articles

A nurses' alarm fatigue questionnaire: development and psychometric properties.

Alarm fatigue can adversely affect nurses' efficiency and concentration on their tasks, which is a threat to patients' safety. The purpose of the present study was to develop and test the psychometric accuracy of an alarm fatigue questionnaire for nurses. This study was conducted in two stages: in stage one, in order to establish the different aspects of the concept of alarm fatigue, the researchers reviewed the available literature-articles and books-on alarm fatigue, and then consulted several experts in a meeting to define alarm fatigue and develop statements for the questionnaire. In stage two, after the final draft had been approved, the validity of the instrument was measured using the two methods of face validity (the quantitative and qualitative approaches) and content validity (the qualitative and quantitative approaches). Test-retest, Cronbach's alpha, and Principal Component Analysis were used for item reduction and reliability analysis. Based on the results of stage one, the researchers extracted 30 statements based on a 5-point Likert scale. In stage two, after the face and content validity of the questionnaire had been established, 19 statements were left in the instrument. Based on factor loadings of the items and "alpha if item deleted" and after the second round of consultation with the expert panel, six items were removed from the scale. The test of the reliability of nurses' alarm fatigue questionnaire based on the internal homogeneity and retest methods yielded the following results: test-retest correlation coefficient=0.99; Guttman split-half correlation coefficient=0.79; Cronbach's alpha=0.91. Regarding the importance of recognizing alarm fatigue in nurses, there is need for an instrument to measure the phenomenon. The results of the study show that the developed questionnaire is valid and reliable enough for measuring alarm fatigue in nurses.

Validation of Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire: A Study of Front-Line Retail Employees

The aim of this research paper is to confirm the validation of the long form of Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire which was developed by Weiss D. J., Dawis R. V.,George W. E. and Lloyd H. L. The instrument is validated for the sample of 465 front-line retail employees. SPSS 22.0 has been used for data analysis. Spearman-Brown Coefficient and Guttman Split-Half Coefficient are used to ensure the reliability of the instrument.

The Validation of Organizational Role Stress (ORS) Scale: A Study of Educators

The aim of this research paper is to confirm the validation of the organizational role stress scale, which was developed by Pareek. The instrument is validated for the sample of 391 faculty members in private higher education institutions in Rajasthan. SPSS 22.0 has been used for analysis. Further, Spearman-Brown coefficient and Guttman split-half coefficient have been used to ensure the reliability of the instrument.

Reliability and validity of the Caregiver Quality of Life of Index-Liver Transplant Recipients

Objective To analyze reliability and validity of the Caregiver Quality of Life of Index-Liver Transplant Recipients. Methods By liver transplant expert, liver transplantation nursing experts and nursing education experts consultation and discussion, acknowledgement the characteristics of liver transplant recipients' caregivers and ultimately the formation of the Caregiver Quality of Life of Index-Liver Transplant Recipients (CQOL-LTR). A total of 225 caregivers for liver transplant recipients' were investigated with the CQOL-LTR to analyze its reliability and validity. Results The Chinese version CQOL-LTR had 30 items, seven factors were extracted from the 30-item scale by using exploratory factor analysis, accounting for 59.74% of the explainable variance, and its general Cronbach α coefficient was 0.830, and the Guttman split half coefficient was between 0.802 and 0.896. Conclusions The Chinese CQOL-LTR has satisfactory reliability and validity, which could be used to measure the quality of life in liver transplant recipients' caregivers. Key words: Liver transplantation; Quality of life; Caregiver; Reliability; Validity

Validation of neuropathic pain assessment tools among Chinese patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy

ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of neuropathic pain assessment tools among Chinese patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN). MethodsOne hundred patients with PDPN and 70 patients with non-neuropathic pain were recruited from five grade III general hospitals in Guangzhou. Pain was assessed using the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS), Douleur Neuropathique 4 questionnaire (DN4), and Brief Pain Inventory for Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (BPI-DPN). Reliability was evaluated by internal consistency of the Cronbach's α coefficient and Guttman split-half. Construct validity was analyzed by factor analysis and Spearman correlation coefficients. Sensitivity and specificity were also assessed. ResultsThe Cronbach's α coefficients of the LANSS, DN4, and BPI-DPN were 0.735, 0.750, and 0.898, respectively. The Guttman split-half coefficients of the LANSS, DN4, and BPI-DPN were 0.660, 0.726, and 0.849, respectively. The cumulative contributions of the LANSS, DN4, and BPI-DPN to the total variance were 61.945%, 57.010%, and 66.056%, respectively. The items of the LANSS, DN4, and BPI-DPN presented high factorial loads, ranging from 0.387 to 0.841, 0.137 to 0.948, and 0.487 to 0.953, respectively. The LANSS and DN4 exhibited sensitivities of 58.0% and 82.7%, respectively, and specificity of 97.1%. ConclusionsThe LANSS or DN4 can be used to detect neuropathic pain in Chinese patients with PDPN. The BPI-DPN can be employed to monitor the effectiveness of pain intervention.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of sense of coherence scale among the older people

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the sense of coherence (SOC) scale (13-items) among the older people. Methods A random sample of 1 032 old adults was selected from community in Jinzhou, Shenyang, Dalian of Liaoning. A demographic questionnaire, the SOC-13 scale, the WHO-5 and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were used to collect the data.All the data was analyzed by SPSS 21.0 and AMOS17.0. Results The item-total correlation coefficients of SOC-13 ranged from 0.625 to 0.760(P<0.01). The result of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was that three factors explained 74.745% of the total variances, and the CFA confirmed the hypothesized three-factor model. SOC scale had an ideal criterion(χ2/df=2.908, CFI= 0.975, GFI=0.949, NFI=0.963, IFI=0.975, RMSEA=0.061). Criterion related validity test showed that the total score of SOC-13 was negatively correlated with CES-D(r=-0.55, P<0.01), and positively correlated with WHO-5 (r=0.73, P<0.01). SOC-13 had a Cronbach's α of 0.916, the Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.828, and the retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC) was 0.872 (P<0.01). Conclusion SOC-13 is a reliable and valid instrument, which can be used to measure the lever of sense of coherence among Chinese old adults. Key words: The elderly; Sense of coherence; Scale; Reliability; Validity

Validity and Reliability of the Peer Group Caring Interaction Scale-Korean Version

This paper was conducted to validate the Korean version of the Peer Group Caring Interaction Scale (PGCIS-K) that measures caring behaviors as experienced by nursing students. Translation of the PGCIS-K was validated through forward-backward translation methods. Survey data were collected from 218 nursing students in a nursing school. Construct validity and criterion-related validity were evaluated. Internal consistency and the Guttman split-half coefficient were calculated to assess reliability. The PGIS-K showed reliability except for 4 items (Cronbach's α=.91, Guttman split-half coefficient=.85), which were low (<.30) or negatively correlated with the total scale. A 12-item reduced form of the PGCIS-K was developed by item-analysis and construct validity evidence. Factor loading for the 12 items on 2 factors ranged from .47~.82, which explained 58.4% of the total variance. Two factors were named 'modeling and assistance (Cronbach's α=.87)' and 'communication and sharing (Cronbach's α=.82)'. Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion validity were supported according to the correlation coefficients of the 2 factors with other measure. The findings suggest preliminary evidence that the 12-item PGCIS-K can be used to measure nursing students' peer group caring interactions in Korea. Additional studies are recommended to continue the psychometric evaluation of this scale. Also, it can be extended to measure graduate nursing students or staff nurses' peer group caring interaction.

Reliability and Factorial Structure of the Farsi Version of the Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety in an Iranian Middle-Aged Sample.

The present study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety (ASDA) in an Iranian middle-aged sample. A sample of 55 volunteer Iranian persons took part in the study. Cronbach's alpha of the ASDA was found to be high (0.91) and Spearman-Brown and Guttman Split-Half coefficients were 0.86. The factor analysis of the ASDA items yielded five factors accounting for 72.49% of the total variance and labeled (F1) fear of death and fear of dead people; (F2) fear of postmortem events and fear of tombs; (F3) fear of lethal disease; (F4) preoccupation with after death, and death fear in sleep; and (F5) fear of deprivation of own ones. The ASDA has a good validity and reliability, and it can be used in clinical, educational, and research settings.

Reliability, Validity, and Psychometric Properties of the Greek Translation of the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS)

Introduction:The Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale is meant to capture the frequency and duration of depersonalisation symptoms over the ‘last 6 months’.Methods:In order to develop a Greek version of CDS scale, the CDS scale was translated in Greek by 2 psychiatrists. Then, the Greek version of CDS scale was back-translated by a person who did not knew the original English version. The back-translated version was reviewed in order to establish whether is consistent with the original English version. After this procedure we administered the Greek version of CDS scale to a sample of 294 Greeks in order to assess the reliability and the validity of the Greek version of scale.Results:The five components solution accounted for 58.204% of the total variation. Initial eigenvalues of the five components were: factor 1=11.555, factor 2=1.564, factor 3=1.356, factor 4=1.247 and factor 5=1.157. Six items did not load on any factor. Correlations between factors were low ranged from 0.134 to 0.314 and no complex variables were found. Cronbach’s alpha and Guttman split-half coefficient were used to evaluate interval consistency of CDS scale in 294 individuals. The alpha coefficients and Guttman split-half coefficient of the CDS scale were 0.938 and 0.921, respectively. The test-retest reliability proved to be satisfactory. The intraclass correlation coefficients for the total CDS score was very good and equal to 0,883. The CDS scale correlated highly with the SCL-90 and all subscales (p-value<0.0001).Conclusion:The psychometric strength of CDS – Greek its reliable for its future use, particularly for screening for subjects with possible diagnosis of CDS.

Development and Validation of a Carbohydrate and Insulin Dosing Knowledge Quiz in Adults with Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives . We aimed to develop and validate a carbohydrate and insulin dosing knowledge quiz for adult Asian patients with diabetes mellitus. Methodology . A self-administered quiz was developed to test carbohydrate recognition; single food carbohydrate estimation; meal carbohydrate estimation and food label reading; and insulin dosing calculation for carbohydrate, blood glucose and for a meal in a multi-ethnic Asian population. The subjects’ carbohydrate knowledge and insulin dosing ability were rated by the study dietitian and the subjects’ primary physicians, respectively. We compared the quiz scores with the dietitians’ and physician ratings and the subjects’ HbA1c. Reliability of the quiz was tested by measuring internal consistency and split half reliability. Results . Seventy-five subjects completed the study. Median (inter-quartile range) quiz score was 71.9 (60.2 to 83.6)%. The quiz score was found to be correlated with the health care provider assessments (r=0.652, p <0.001) and the subjects’ HbA1c (r=-0.375, p =0.001). Cronbach alpha was 0.897 and Guttman split half coefficient was 0.930. Conclusions . Our analysis suggested that this newly developed quiz had good reliability and validity for testing carbohydrate and insulin dosing knowledge in a group of Asian subjects with diabetes mellitus. This can be a useful screening tool in clinical practice.

The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Profile of Fatigue Scale among the patients with sjogren's syndrome

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Profile of Fatigue Scale (PROF) among the patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Methods The English version of PROF was translated into Chinese according to Brislin Translation Model. 107 patients with Sjogren's syndrome were investigated to test its reliability and validity. Results The Cronbach α coefficient , Guttman split-half coefficient, test-retest reliability and content validity of Chinese version of PROF were 0.976, 0.953, 0.872 and 0.875. Two factors were extracted by factor analysis and the cumulated variance was 80.75%. The structure of PROF was in line with the original scale. The criterion-related validity was 0.621 measured by comparing with visual analog scale of fatigue, and was -0.707 measured by comparing with vitality domain in the MOS item Short From Health Survey (SF-36). Conclusions The Chinese version of PROF has been proved to be reliable and valid. It can be used to measure the fatigue in Chinese patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Key words: Sjogren's syndrome; Fatigue; Reliability; Validity

English

The main purpose of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of the Teacher Efficacy Scale in Physical Education (TESPE) in Turkey's conditions, and to test if there are any differences in gender and teaching experience of Turkish PE teachers. Turkish version of the scale was administered to 257 physical education teachers (184 males and 73 females) from three cities in Turkey. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the scale consists of four dimensions similar to the original Cronbach's alpha .89, while both Equal-Length Spearman Brown split-half coefficient (r=.74) and Guttman's split-half coefficient (r=.74) showed a good result. The independent t-test results revealed that there were no significant gender differences in TESPE subscales. Teaching experience is not statistically significant on PE teachers’ efficacy. These results indicated that the TESPE is a valid and reliable scale for Turkish culture. Key words: Teacher efficacy, physical education teachers, teaching experience.

A novel patient-reported outcome measure for anterior cruciate ligament injury: evaluating the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of Japanese anterior cruciate ligament questionnaire 25.

Despite objectively good results, up to 70% of individuals may not return to their pre-injury level of sports activity after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. Although psychological responses have been shown to affect outcomes after ACL injury, an appropriate means of measuring their effects, in addition to functional status, has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to develop a patient-reported questionnaire for measuring psychological factors associated with outcomes after ACL injury and to evaluate its reliability, validity, and responsiveness. After item analysis based on the results of two pilot studies and a short relevance assessment, 25 questionnaire items were selected for the Japanese Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Questionnaire 25 (JACL-25) and assessed for validity, reliability, and responsiveness in subjects with ACL injury. The JACL-25 had no floor or ceiling effects and no confounding factors. A Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.981 and a Guttman split-half coefficient of 0.983 indicated excellent reliability. Large standardized response means (1.30-1.62) and effect sizes (0.96-1.51) from the preoperative to postoperative period indicated good responsiveness. Construct structures were created, and these items were separated into three domains. Strong correlations between the JACL-25 and the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (r s=-0.86), Lysholm Score (r s=-0.73), and Tegner Activity Scale (r s=-0.65) indicated good concurrent validity of the JACL-25. The present study demonstrated that the JACL-25 was valid, reliable, and responsive enough to evaluate psychological factors associated with outcomes in individuals with ACL injuries. Diagnostic study, Level III.

Cross-cultural Adaptation and Linguistic Validation of the Korean Version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Pain Scale.

Distinction between neuropathic pain and nociceptive pain helps facilitate appropriate management of pain; however, diagnosis of neuropathic pain remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to develop a Korean version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) pain scale and assess its reliability and validity. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original LANSS pain scale into Korean was established according to the published guidelines. The Korean version of the LANSS pain scale was applied to a total of 213 patients who were expertly diagnosed with neuropathic (n = 113) or nociceptive pain (n = 100). The Korean version of the scale had good reliability (Cronbach's α coefficient = 0.815, Guttman split-half coefficient = 0.800). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.928 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.885-0.959 (P < 0.001), suggesting good discriminate value. With a cut-off score ≥ 12, sensitivity was 72.6%, specificity was 98.0%, and the positive and negative predictive values were 98% and 76%, respectively. The Korean version of the LANSS pain scale is a useful, reliable, and valid instrument for screening neuropathic pain from nociceptive pain.

Creación y diseño de un test para la evaluación de la apraxia de los miembros superiores (EULA) basado en un modelo cognitivo: un estudio piloto

Apraxia is regarded as neurological disorder characterized by a loss of ability to execute and carry out skilled movements and gestures despite intact motor and sensory systems, coordination, and comprehension. As reflected in the specialized literature, there are currently few tests that provide a global evaluation of this syndrome. This research created and designed a test for the Evaluation of Upper Limb Apraxia (EULA), based on theoretical models of apraxia. A sample of 57 patients was selected with subjective cognitive manifestations (complaints of cognitive impairment) and 39 subjects without cognitive impairment. Both groups were given the EULA test as well as other tests. The structure of the EULA was verified with principal components factor analysis, and the reliability and validity of this instrument were also calculated. The factor analysis classified all of the items in the test in nine factors with an explained total variance of 69.91%. The high reliability of the test was reflected in a Cronbach's alpha of 0.929 and a Guttman split-half coefficient of 0.870. The construct validity was also satisfactory as shown in the significant correlation of six of the nine factors in the test with two other well-known apraxia subtests. The healthy subjects had a higher test score than the subjects with complaints of cognitive impairment, which confirmed the reliability and construct validity of the EULA.

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale in a Younger Population

Objective: Smartphones have many features such as communication, internet, photography, multimedia and navigation, and are currently one of the most popular technological devices. Usage of smartphones has increased rapidly and this rapid increase has brought about addiction and problematic usage. To our knowledge, there is no scale, which can be used to assess addiction to smartphones in the Turkish population. The aim of this study was to adapt Turkish terminology and to assess the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale. Methods: The sample was composed of 301 students studying at the Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, who used smartphones. In the study, in addition to the Smartphone Addiction Scale, an Information Form, the Internet Addiction Scale and the Problem Mobile Phone Use Scale were used as tools for collecting data. The scales were given to all attendees in mixed order and the Information Form was always given at the first stage. It took about 20 minutes to complete the scales. Test-retest application was made with 30 randomly selected students (with the help of nicknames) three weeks later. The factor structure of the scale was examined by factor analysis and the Varimax Rotation method. Internal consistency, split-half reliability and test-retest reliability analyses were conducted for the reliability analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze criterion-related validity. Results: Factor analysis revealed a seven-factor structure and factor loadings of items that ranged from 0.349 to 0.824. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was founded to be 0.947 for the scale. Correlations between the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Turkish version and the other scales were statistically significant. The test-retest reliability was high (r=0.814). The Guttman Split-half coefficient was calculated to be 0.893 in the split-half reliability analysis. The average total scores for girls were significantly higher than those for boys (p=0.03). There was a non-significant negative correlation between age and scale total score (r=-0.086, p=0.13). Average scale scores were the highest in users who used smartphones for over 16 hours. Average scale scores were significantly higher in users who used smartphones for over 16 hours compared with users of smartphones for less than 4 hours (p=0.01). We recorded the highest scale score in the game category. We didn’t observe any statistical significance when comparing game scores with those of the internet (p=0.44) and social networking (p=0.98) categories. Additionally, total scores for gaming were significantly higher than those for voice calling (p=0.02), short text messaging (p=0.02) and other categories (p=0.04). Moreover, the participants who selected the answers ‘agree’ or ‘unsure’ as self-rating for smartphone addiction obtained significantly higher scores than the participants who answered ‘disagree’ (p=0.01). Conclusion: In this study, we found that the Turkish version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale is a reliable and valid measurement tool for the evaluation of smartphone addiction.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the Chronic Kidney Disease Screening Index

Objective: Public understanding of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is important to ensure informed participation in CKD prevention programs. This study aimed to develop and to test the psychometric profile of the CKD Screening Index that measures patient’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding CKD prevention and early detection. Methods: A cross-sectional design was implemented and a total of 740 Jordanian patients recognized at risk for CKD were recruited by convenience sampling from out-patient departments. Development and psychometric validation of the CKD Screening Index were conducted in four phases: (1) item generation, (2) pilot study, (3) preliminary psychometric validation study to examine factor structure, and (4) final psychometric validation with 740 participants. Results: On factor analysis, 24 items categorical knowledge items loaded into one factor and yielded a Guttman Split-Half Coefficient of 0.80. In a separate factor analysis, 15 items were loaded on two attitude factors (Cronbach alpha coefficient = 0.69), and nine items loaded on two practice factors (Cronbach alpha coefficient = 0.68). The CKD Screening Index associated significantly and negatively with depressed and anxious patients compared to their counterparts. Practice implications: This promising CKD Screening Index can be used for an early identification of patients at risk for CKD, thus, allowing the development of interventions to raise these patients’ awareness. Future studies are needed on other populations with different cultural background to support reliability and validity of this new instrument.

Reliability, validity and preliminary hypothesis tests for the English version of the Psychological Strain Scales (PSS)

BackgroundThe original Psychological Strain Scales (PSS) was published with data from a sample of Chinese population, which consisted of four strain scales: value strain, aspiration strain, deprivation strain, and coping strain. This study aims to validate and develop the English version of the PSS instrument. MethodTogether with the PSS, Moos׳s Coping Response Inventory (CRI), Spielberger Trait-Anxiety scale, CES-D depression scale, and the NCS suicidal behavior scales were administered in a survey to a sample (N=280) of American college students. Item-total statistics, Cronbach׳s Alpha, Guttman Split-Half coefficient, factor analyses, correlation analysis and t tests were applied to test the reliability and validity of the English version of the PSS. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were operated to know how extent the PSS predicts psychopathology such as anxiety, depression and suicidal behaviors. ResultsCronbach׳s Alpha coefficient of PSS was 0.936. The Split-Half coefficient of PSS was 0.839. The reliability of the PSS was excellent. The factor analysis results demonstrated strong construct validity of each scale. The criterion validity and the discriminant validity were both excellent for the English version of PSS instrument. ConclusionsWith the excellent scores on both reliability and validity, the English version of the PSS scales can be an excellent measurement for estimating the psychological strain levels of American college students as well as predicting their psychopathology. The PSS can be applicable for research to evaluate and predict suicidal behaviors and mental disorders.

The reliability and validity of the Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment-Chinese version in assessment of the falling risk of elderly people

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Tinetti POMA-Chinese version.Methods 200 elderly people in two nursing homes of Chengdu were assessed with Tinetti POMA,the reliability and validity of DGI were evaluated.Results The Cronbach's alpha of total scale was 0.887,the subscales' Cronbach's alpha were 0.872,0.718,the Guttman split-half coefficient of total scale was 0.883,the sub-scales' Guttman split-half coefficient were 0.808,0.626,the test-retest reliability of total scale was 0.886.the sub-scales' were 0.877,0.856; the factor analysis indicated the Tinetti POMA was composed of 2 factors,which could explain 54.65％ of total variance; the factor loading value from 0.501 to 0.822; the score of fall group were lower than those without fall,the difference was statistically significant.Conclusions The Chinese version of Tinetti POMA has good reliability and validity,it can be used as a valid tool for the assessment of elderly people's falling risk. Key words: Fall; Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment; Reliability; Validity

Validation of the German version of the ‘Hypogonadism Related Symptom Scale’ (HRS) in andrological patients with infertility, HIV infection and metabolic syndrome

As commonly used self-reported screening instruments for male hypogonadism demonstrated lack of specificity, a Hypogonadism Related Symptom Scale (HRS) was developed in 2009 as a novel self-rating screening tool. As the questionnaire has not been validated, the purpose of our study was to perform a validation in patients presenting with different disorders (e.g. infertility, HIV infection or metabolic syndrome) and disease-related risk to develop hypogonadism. Two hundred and eighteen patients aged 19-71years (40.1±9.5) who completed the HRS and other common questionnaires [International Index Of Erectile Function (IIEF), National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), short form (SF)-12] were included. In all patients, blood levels of total testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, oestradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin were determined and free testosterone was calculated. Cronbach's α for the scale was 0.896, split-half 0.871 for the 1st half and 0.807 for the 2nd half. Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.767, and Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.759. Consistent correlations were found between HRS and IIEF5 (ρ=0.57, P<0.001), and HADS (ρ=-0.6, P<0.001). In addition, HRS was significantly correlated with total testosterone (ρ=0.135, P<0.05), free testosterone (ρ=0.148, P<0.05) and oestradiol (ρ=-0.134, P<0.05). Our validation study confirms the data from the initial development of the HRS questionnaire. Clinicians might have an additional advantage from the HRS when investigating males with suspected hypogonadism.