Guidance Approach Research Articles

Midcourse Guidance Using Neural Networks

This work explores the concept of using neural network for the purpose of mid-course guidance in air vehicles. The idea is to use the neural network in real-time to retrieve a guidance command, based on the current state and target requirements. This forms a closed loop guidance approach, instead of following a pre-designed and fixed trajectory, which doesn't change according to deviations from the nominal states due to real-life conditions. This work explores the architecture and training of such a network, its performance, and compares this network to the Neighboring Extremals method.

Use of big data in schoolchildren’s career guidance practices for the medical profession

Introduction. The healthcare staffing deficiency affects negatively the availability and quality of medical aid and, consequently, the people’s quality of life and well-being. To eliminate this deficiency, it is proposed to use new formats and tools for schoolchildren’s professional orientation towards medical professions. Purpose of the study: to identify the potential of using big data for the development of schoolchildren’s career guidance practices in the field of medical labour. Materials and methods. The research was grounded on the identification of the pattern of the medical community’s personal and professional interests, as based on the data of the digital footprint of medical workers, first and final year students of Federal state-funded educational institution of higher education “Siberian State Medical University” (hereinafter SibSMU) [Russian Federation]. The technology “Pixel” borrowed from the social network “VKontakte” was used for the study. The study involved 947 persons whose personal data formed a basis for constructing a pattern of medical community interests. The study involved the methods of theoretical and structural analysis, predictive analytics and simulation modelling based on neural network data, as well as parsing. Results. A total of 6 attributes of the target audience segmentation (the medical community) were revealed; several identification features (explicit and implicit) reflecting the involvement of the social network “VKontakte” users in the medical community were found, analysed and differentiated on the basis of marketing approach. Using the “Pixel” technology, 3 sublevels reflecting the users’ explicit professional-interest category and 184 characteristics underlying their formation were found. Using the base of the social network “VKontakte”, a total of 79 million pages of users were processed according to the identification features. It was found that 79 thousand people matched the obvious professional interest reflecting the category “Medicine”. The authors undertook a search and analysis of the interests of the first-year (937 people) and final-year students of SibSMU as well as of professionals (medical doctors with more than 5 years of service record), following which a pattern of interests pertaining to the category of implicit identifying characteristics that included 14 categories was revealed. Conclusion. The research results showed that the use of big data and the analysis of the medical community’s digital footprint is an effective tool for the development of career guidance practices for schoolchildren and their parents. The identification of patterns of the medical community’s personal and professional interests can be used for the improvement of the efficiency of career guidance work with schoolchildren towards their motivated choice of the medical sphere as a career vector. The work with big data, complementing the existing career guidance approaches, is a due way to understand the preferences and interests of every schoolchild, which is important for achieving personalised support of professional self-identification.

Promoting Equity through Equitable Risk Tradeoffs

AbstractThe impact and economic merits of President Biden’s Executive Order 13985 on equity depend on how the executive order is implemented. While policy discussion to date has focused on equitable outcomes, we propose framing risk equity policies in terms of equitable risk tradeoff rates based on six policy guidelines. The starting point for ex ante evaluation of equity for mortality risk policies should be the symmetric application of the value of a statistical life (VSL) to all groups. Because of the substantial heterogeneity in VSLs by income and demographic characteristics, symmetric tradeoff rates generate subsidies and deficits relative to private values of risk. Efforts to provide for distributional preferences should be grounded in an understanding of the differentials already provided through application of a uniform VSL. Targeting government programs to specific groups ex ante should be coupled with estimates of the efficiency loss based on symmetric tradeoff rates and the implicit tradeoff rate ratio relative to the average VSL needed to support the redistributive policy. Here, we propose equity guidance that could be incorporated in a revised version of Office of Management and Budget Circular A-4. We contrast the ex ante equity guidance approach with the ex post risk equity evaluation procedure that is incorporated in the Biden Administration’s recently proposed Justice40 plan, where 40% of the benefits of existing programs must be targeted to certain minority groups without ex post examination of their cost effectiveness either feasible or currently planned.

PhotoHelper: Portrait Photographing Guidance Via Deep Feature Retrieval and Fusion

We introduce a new photographing guidance (PhotoHelper) for amateur photographers to enhance their portrait photo quality using deep feature retrieval and fusion. In our model, we comprehensively integrate empirical aesthetic rules, traditional machine learning algorithms and deep neural networks to extract different kinds of features in both color and space aspects. With these features, we build a modified random forest with a structured photograph collection to identify types of photos. We also define the composition matching score to measure the similarity between the given photo and the reference photo. By combining all of the above processes, a one-stop deep portrait photographing guidance is constructed to provide users with professional reference photographs that are similar to the current scene and automatically generate spatial composition guidance according to the user-selected reference photo. Experiments and evaluations show that the aesthetic quality of portrait photos can be significantly improved via the composition guidance of our photographing guidance approach.

STUDI KASUS: KONSELING LAKTASI PADA IBU POSTPARTUM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN BERAT BADAN BAYI

Neonates are newborns up to 28 days old, where there is a very big change from life inside the womb to outside the womb. Lactation counseling is most effective for increasing exclusive breastfeeding in infants. The success of exclusive breastfeeding cannot be separated from being influenced by several factors including age, level of education, experience and husband's support. Mothers who give birth for the first time do not have health information about breastfeeding, so midwives need to conduct lactation counseling. Lactation counseling about exclusive breastfeeding, how to care for breasts and proper breastfeeding techniques. This case study describes the management of midwifery care for Mrs. A, a 20-year-old primipara, who was confused about caring for a baby after giving birth. Handling efforts are carried out with a lactation counseling and guidance approach. Case studies use assistive devices in the form of a midwifery care format for normal newborns and status sheets or patient documentation and a list of interview questions. Data analysis used is data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The result of the case study was that Mrs. A's baby's weight increased by 550 grams for 14 days after being given lactation counseling and breastfeeding guidance. Comprehensive midwifery care provided increases mothers' understanding of newborn care.

Sexual Orientation and Identification of Islamic Guidance and Counseling Approaches to Lesbian in Rejang Lebong

The current study aims to determine the factors that cause women to become lesbians and Islamic counseling guidance methods for lesbians. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological study approach. A total of four lesbians, two butch and two femme lesbians, voluntarily participated in this study at Rejang Lebong in 2021. The data were collected through in-depth interviews. The research results revealed that there are several factors that cause women to have homosexual orientation; biological factors, life trauma, environmental support, lack of religious knowledge and lack of attention from parents. Analyzed using the self-disclosure theory, the results showed that femme lesbians tended to be shy and introverted, so the approach was taken individually and personally. In contrast, butch-labeled lesbians are more open so that they can be done in groups. The decision to become a lesbian is not caused by a single factor but a combination. However, only femme-labeled lesbians are caused by a life trauma. This research only focuses on the causes of being a lesbian and appropriate Islamic counseling guidance approach techniques based on the type of lesbian. This study did not look at the final product after counseling was carried out. It is recommended for future studies to investigate concrete steps of Islamic counseling guidance for lesbians.

Propellant-Optimal Powered Descent Guidance Revisited

This paper presents new and significant advances in propellant-optimal powered descent guidance based on the indirect method. The paper starts by reviewing and improving a recent indirect method relying on analytical equations and pointing out certain numerical perils of the approach. By taking a fully numerical approach, the developments in this paper take relatively simple and concise software to implement, producing a fully automated algorithm capable of rapidly and reliably generating the complete optimal powered descent trajectory subject to imposed constraints, including on the thrust pointing direction, without the need for any empirical assumptions or hard-to-make user-supplied guesses. Furthermore, a “solution degradation” phenomenon not recognized before is brought to attention in the closed-loop solution of the propellant-optimal powered descent problem with a fully constrained final state that can pose a potential safety risk. This risk is mitigated in the proposed guidance approach, where guidance in the later half of the powered descent tracks an onboard generated optimal reference trajectory with a globally convergent tracking guidance law.

KEPEMIMPINAN PENYULUH AGAMA ISLAM DALAM PEMBINAAN PENDIDIKAN INFORMAL MASYARAKAT MUSLIM DI KOTA SORONG

This study uses a type of descriptive qualitative research located in North Sorong District. This research approach is the guidance approach and the sociological approach. Primary data sources in this study were Islamic Religious Extension as key informants and additional informants, namely youth and community leaders. Secondary data sources in this study are books, magazines, internet, reports and documentation. Data collection methods used are observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of this research data through data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions.
 The results showed that the leadership role played by Islamic religious instructors in informal education for the Muslim community in North Sorong District was carrying out routine recitations, eradicating illiteracy in reading and writing the Koran and acting as an informant, consultant and advocate. The inhibiting factors for Islamic religious instructors in informal education for Muslim communities in North Sorong District are the misuse of social media and technology, the lack of discipline and the seriousness of society. Then, the solution provided by Islamic religious instructors is to optimize recitation activities, provide school financing through foster parents, provide motivation and guidance and familiarize children with carrying out Islamic teachings properly.

Influences of Heider Balance on Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Quality of Life in Bladder Cancer Patients after Urinary Diversion.

To explore the influences of Heider balance on knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and quality of life in bladder cancer patients after urinary diversion. A set of bladder cancer patients after urinary diversion in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were included in this study. Patients who received out-hospital intervention based on Heider balance were included in the observation group (85 cases). Meanwhile, patients who received routine out-hospital intervention were included in the control group (85 cases), and these patients matched with the observation group by gender, age, and education level. The scores of KAP, WHO quality of life-100 (WHOQOL-100) before discharge and at 6 months after discharge, and the rate of complications were compared in the two groups. At 6 months after discharge, the score of these items of KAP including basic knowledge of disease, procedure of pouch replacement, dealing with pouch leakage, skin care of stoma, purchase and storage of pouch, dealing with stoma complications, optimistic mentality for disease, optimistic mentality for stoma, trust in medical staff, willingness to correct bad habits, confidence in maintaining health behavior, maintaining in health dietary habit, maintaining in health behavior, learning from relevant books, learning from relevant videos, experienced in pouch replacement, and experienced in care of stoma of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (t = 6.144, 9.366, 3.129, 3.809, 4.173, 5.923, 2.788, 8.871, 3.291, 10.797, 7.067, 7.805, 3.828, 9.454, 2.827, 4.059, and 8.662, respectively, all P < 0.05). The scores of 16 items of WHOQOL-100 such as energy and fatigue, sleep and rest, positive feelings, thinking, learning, memory and concentration, self-esteem, body image and appearance, negative feelings, mobility, activities of daily living, dependence on medical support, personal relationships, social support, health and social care: availability and quality, opportunities to get new information/skills, opportunities for recreation and leisure, and quality of life from viewpoint in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t = 2.666, 2.571, 2.961, 3.453, 4.279, 2.781, 3.775, 4.807, 5.850, 4.194, 3.324, 3.873, 5.118, 3.244, 2.956, and 4.218, respectively, all P < 0.05). The rate of complications of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (x 2 = 5.829, P < 0.05). The Heider balance can help to reduce the rate of complications, improve knowledge, attitude, practice, and quality of life in urinary diversion patients. These merits make it an attractive approach in guidance of out-hospital intervention.

Adaptive neural network asymptotic path-following control of underactuated ships with stochastic sea loads

This paper investigates the high-precision path following of underactuated ships suffering from stochastic sea loads, where a novel adaptive neural network asymptotic control framework is fabricated. Based on the nonlinear 3-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) motion model of the underactuated ship, the stochastic ship motion model is established by involving both unknown deterministic and stochastic disturbances, which is chosen as the control objective. To transform path following to tracking control, a novel virtual ship guidance approach is fabricated with generating smooth reference signals. Through the control scheme, the radial-basis-function neural networks (RBF NNs) are employed to approximate the total marine uncertainties. By introducing integral-bounded functions to control laws and adaptive laws, the asymptotic convergence of positional tracking errors is guaranteed with the aid of adaptive backstepping control. To ensure the computational simplicity, the adaptive laws are fabricated with the minimum learning parameters (MLPs). Via the important inequality of the neural basis function, the “algebraic loop” problem is successfully solved, such that the control logicality is guaranteed. Finally, the numerical experiments validate the high-precision tracking performance of the proposed scheme.

Comparison of Machining Simulations of Aerospace Alloy Al6061-T6 Using Lagrangian and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Techniques

This research focuses on the study of the simulation capabilities of the lagrangian (LAG) model and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model for the orthogonal dry machining of aluminum alloy Al6061-T6. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed and verified using experimental data from the published literature. The numerical models were developed using lagrangian boundary conditions via finite element modeling in ABAQUS/Explicit 6.14. The cutting simulations were carried out at low and medium cutting speeds. Johnson–Cook material constitutive law and Johnson–Cook damage law were used in both models. The numerical methodologies are compared based on cutting forces, chip morphology, shear angle, chip separation criterion, and chip thickness. The findings of the present work show that the LAG model is good for predictions regarding cutting forces and chip morphology, while the SPH model is good for predictions regarding the shear angle and chip thickness. The difference between results generated by both models mainly occurred due to the friction coefficient. The comparative study shown here offers a guidance approach for various numerical models for appropriate parameter analysis.

Contribution Analysis of Cognitive Behavior Theraphy Approach in Group Guidance to Student Bullying Behavior

This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental type by looking at changes in research data between before and after being given treatment. The population in this study was 40 students of class XII then the sampling technique used purposive random sampling. The results of the reliability test of the bullying behavior character instrument were 0.911. The research data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The research findings show that the correlation obtained from the SPSS output model summary 26.00 shows the magnitude of the results of the hypothesis test with the Wilcoxon test, the output is 2.807b with the value of Asymp.Sig. = 0.005 (2-tailed) is less than &lt; 0.005, then Ha is accepted. Here there are 10 positive data (N) which means that 10 students experienced a decrease in bullying behavior from the Pre-Test value to the Post Test value. The mean rank or average increase is 5.50, while the number of positive rankings or the sum of Ranks is 55.00. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of the cognitive behavior therapy approach in group guidance can have an influence on the decline in bullying behavior of students at SMK Persatuan Amal Bakti 3 Medan TA. 2021/2022

Sliding-Mode-Control–Based Instantaneously Optimal Guidance for Precision Soft Landing on Asteroid

Precision soft landing guidance problem of a spacecraft on asteroid is addressed in this paper. Most of the methods in existing literature require linearized engagement dynamics or accurate time-to-go estimate, which is not easy to obtain in practice. To overcome these drawbacks, a heading error-dependent sliding-mode-control–based guidance approach was recently introduced in literature. However, it too suffered from disadvantages in terms of optimality and constant gravity setup-based formulation. To obviate these limitations, and, moreover, to accommodate the effect of asteroid’s angular rotation on the engagement dynamics, a sliding-mode-control–based instantaneously optimal (SMC-IO) guidance is presented in this paper, under a variable gravity setup, in which a heading-error-based sliding variable and a predefined range-dependent maximum velocity envelope profile are leveraged. A static optimization problem with square of instantaneous guidance command as the performance index and the sliding variable dynamics, velocity profile, equations of engagement, and thrust limit as constraints is solved to obtain the guidance command at every time instant. Simulation studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented SMC-IO guidance. An extensive comparative simulation study suggests superior performance of the SMC-IO guidance over widely referred existing landing guidance in terms of overall control effort and fuel usage.

MENINGKATKAN PERILAKU SOPAN SANTUN MELALUI LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK DENGAN TEKNIK SOSIODRAMA PADA SISWA KELAS IX-F DI SMP NEGERI 2 NALUMSARI

This study aims to: (1) describe the implementation of groupguidance services with sociodrama techniques to improve polite behavior through group guidance services for students in Class IX-F SMP NEGERI 2 Nalumsari, (2) find out the increase in politeness towards students through group guidance with sociodrama techniques. in grades IX-F at SMP Negeri 2 Nalumsari.The subjects studied were seven out of 31 students of class IX-F SMP Negeri 2 Nalumsari who lacked manners through group guidance using sociodrama techniques. The results showed that using the Group Guidance approach with the Sociodrama technique was proven to improve students' polite behavior with the following details: in the Pre Cycle the achievement was only 40% in the Very Poor category, in Cycle 1 the first meeting achieved 51% in the Less category, Cycle 1 in the third meeting the achievement was 60%. Poor category, Cycle 2 in the first meeting achieved 69% in the Good category, Cycle 2 in the third meeting achieved 84% in the Very Good category

Behavioral Guidance Approaches to Provide Dental Care for Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of the Literature

Behavioral Guidance Approaches to Provide Dental Care for Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of the Literature

Preferences of oral nutritional supplement therapy among postoperative patients with gastric cancer: Attributes development for a discrete choice experiment.

BackgroundAdherence to oral nutritional supplement therapy among postoperative patients with gastric cancer is low. There is little knowledge about patients’ priorities and needs regarding oral nutritional supplement therapy. The discrete choice experiment is an innovative method used to elicit patients’ preferences. Good practice guidelines emphasize that the development of attributes and levels is a fundamentally important process.ObjectiveTo comprehensively describe the identification, refinement, and selection of attributes and levels for a discrete choice experiment.MethodsA mixed-methods approach, consisting of three consecutive steps: a literature review, in-depth interviews, and focus groups. First, the literature review allowed quick identification of attributes and levels. Then, 15 in-depth interviews were conducted to gather a rich description of the experience of patients taking oral nutritional supplements after gastrectomy and to verify and enrich the attributes and levels list. Finally, four focus group participants discussed the wording of the attributes and levels and reduced the number of attributes to manageable numbers through voting ranking methods.ResultsFollowing the literature review and qualitative data collection, eight attributes were finally generated, each with two to three levels. The following attributes were included: 1) information provider; 2) health guidance approach; 3) adverse reactions; 4) flavor; 5) follow-up method; 6) follow-up frequency; 7) psychological support; 8) cost. These attributes covered the important attributes of nutritional preparations and health guidance included in ONS therapy that were relevant to patients.ConclusionsThis study’s mixed-methods approach has been found highly suitable to identify, refine and select attributes and levels for a discrete choice experiment. The three methods have pros and cons, and they complement each other, especially the analysis of qualitative data led to a deeper and broader understanding of attributes and levels.

Regulatory Consideration for the Nonclinical Safety Assessment of Gene Therapies.

The nonclinical safety assessments for gene therapies are evolving, leveraging over 20 years of experimental and clinical experience. Despite the growing experience with these therapeutics, there are no approved harmonized global regulatory documents for developing gene therapies with only the ICH (International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use) S12 guidance on nonclinical biodistribution currently under discussion. Several health authorities have issued guidance over the last 15 years on the nonclinical safety aspects for gene therapy products, but many of the recommendations are limited to high-level concepts on nonclinical safety aspects or altogether silent on key topics. Historically, this approach was appropriately vague given our relatively small dataset of nonclinical experience, where a comprehensive and detailed regulatory guidance approach was unlikely to be appropriate to address all scenarios. However, harmonization of key considerations and assumptions can provide a consistent basis for developing the appropriate nonclinical safety development plans for individual programs, reducing uncertainty across regulatory regions and unnecessary animal use. Several key areas of nonclinical safety testing are nearing maturation for a harmonized approach, including species selection, certain aspects of study design, study duration, and unintended genomic integration risks. Furthermore, several emerging topics are unaddressed in current regulatory guidance for gene therapy products, which will become key areas of differentiation for the next generation of therapeutics. These topics include redosing, juvenile/pediatric safety, and reproductive/developmental safety testing, where relevant experience from other modalities can be applied. The rationale and potential study design considerations for these topics will be proposed, acknowledging that certain aspects of gene therapy development are not considered appropriate for harmonization. This article provides an overview of the current nonclinical safety regulatory landscape, summarizes typical nonclinical safety study designs, highlights areas of uncertainty, and discusses emerging topics that warrant consideration. Specific recommendations and perspectives are provided to inform future regulatory discussions and harmonization efforts.

PENDEKATAN DAN MODEL BIMBINGAN KONSELING

This research is motivated by the existence of various problems on this earth, Counseling Guidance is present as an institution providing assistance and therapy to problematic people, providing guidance and counseling and helping solve the problems they face. The purpose of this research is to develop knowledge about various counseling guidance approaches that can be used in the counseling process. The research uses the method of literature study or literature review. The results of the discussion show that the approach in counseling guidance is the basis for a counseling practice, there are 11 clearly described counseling guidance approaches that can assist counselors in the process of providing assistance to counseling. One of the approaches referred to is a behavioral approach which is widely used in counseling guidance in schools. Many counseling techniques are found in the behavioral approach, 3 of which are often used are self-management techniques, homework techniques and funishment techniques.

RAGAM PENDEKATAN BIMBINGAN KONSELING

This research is motivated by the existence of various problems on this earth, Counseling Guidance is present as an institution providing assistance and therapy to problematic people, providing guidance and counseling and helping solve the problems they face. The purpose of this research is to develop knowledge about various counseling guidance approaches that can be used in the counseling process. The research uses the method of literature study or literature review. The results of the discussion show that the approach in counseling guidance is the basis for a counseling practice, there are 11 clearly described counseling guidance approaches that can assist counselors in the process of providing assistance to counselees. One of the approaches referred to is a behavioral approach which is widely used in counseling guidance in schools. Many counseling techniques are found in the behavioral approach, 3 of which are often used are self-management techniques, homework techniques and funishment techniques

A Real-Time Reentry Guidance Method for Hypersonic Vehicles Based on a Time2vec and Transformer Network

In this paper, a real-time reentry guidance law for hypersonic vehicles is presented to accomplish rapid, high-precision, robust, and reliable reentry flights by leveraging the Time to Vector (Time2vec) and transformer networks. First, referring to the traditional predictor–corrector algorithm and quasi-equilibrium glide condition (QEGC), the reentry guidance issue is described as a univariate root-finding problem based on bank angle. Second, considering that reentry guidance is a sequential decision-making process, and its data has inherent characteristics in time series, so the Time2vec and transformer networks are trained to obtain the mapping relation between the flight states and bank angles, and the inputs and outputs are specially designed to guarantee that the constraints can be well satisfied. Based on the Time2vec and transformer-based bank angle predictor, an efficient and precise reentry guidance approach is proposed to realize on-line trajectory planning. Simulations and analysis are carried out through comparison with the traditional predictor-corrector algorithm, and the results manifest that the developed Time2vec and transformer-based reentry guidance algorithm has remarkable improvements in accuracy and efficiency under initial state errors and aerodynamic parameter perturbations.