Guidance Approach Research Articles

A framework for defining a guidance approach support: typology, concepts, and practice guidelines

ABSTRACT The paper presents a framework for school guidance in the twenty-first century that focuses the guidance approach, on promoting lifelong learning and takes into account the impact of VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity). It outlines the goals, objectives, and key players involved in guidance approach and provides a structured approach based on six levels: actors, devices, practices, main issues, objectives, and general aim. Four types of practices are defined to address four main societal objectives, which are linked to current challenges facing society. The framework aims to provide a tool for schools to implement and structure an educational approach to guidance.

Approach and landing guidance using constrained model predictive static programming

The paper proposes a guidance scheme during the approach and landing phase of an unpowered vehicle to achieve high precision at touchdown by limiting the control inputs within allowable bounds using constrained Model Predictive Static Programming. The advantages of a single flight phase are incorporated into the design since the guess control history is obtained from a single segment based guidance approach. The requirement of ensuring continuity in states and guidance commands are hence avoided leading to minimization of control deviations using a simple cost function. Constrained input commands are used for determining control surface deflection based on dynamic inversion considering the longitudinal pitch rate dynamics. Comparison is carried out between the results obtained for constrained as well as unconstrained schemes for the nominal trajectory. Comparisons of load factor, dynamic pressure and flight path angle for three segment, two segment, single segment guidance strategies have been carried out with MPSP based guidance to evaluate the relative advantages offered by the scheme. Performance analysis of the proposed scheme is done based on numerous simulations with simultaneous variations in initial states, vehicle parameters and aerodynamic parameter variations. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme is suitable for landing on runways of shorter lengths due to minimal touchdown errors.

RST: Rough Set Transformer for Point Cloud Learning.

Point cloud data generated by LiDAR sensors play a critical role in 3D sensing systems, with applications encompassing object classification, part segmentation, and point cloud recognition. Leveraging the global learning capacity of dot product attention, transformers have recently exhibited outstanding performance in point cloud learning tasks. Nevertheless, existing transformer models inadequately address the challenges posed by uncertainty features in point clouds, which can introduce errors in the dot product attention mechanism. In response to this, our study introduces a novel global guidance approach to tolerate uncertainty and provide a more reliable guidance. We redefine the granulation and lower-approximation operators based on neighborhood rough set theory. Furthermore, we introduce a rough set-based attention mechanism tailored for point cloud data and present the rough set transformer (RST) network. Our approach utilizes granulation concepts derived from token clusters, enabling us to explore relationships between concepts from an approximation perspective, rather than relying on specific dot product functions. Empirically, our work represents the pioneering fusion of rough set theory and transformer networks for point cloud learning. Our experimental results, including point cloud classification and segmentation tasks, demonstrate the superior performance of our method. Our method establishes concepts based on granulation generated from clusters of tokens. Subsequently, relationships between concepts can be explored from an approximation perspective, instead of relying on specific dot product or addition functions. Empirically, our work represents the pioneering fusion of rough set theory and transformer networks for point cloud learning. Our experimental results, including point cloud classification and segmentation tasks, demonstrate the superior performance of our method.

Gross motor trajectories of pre-term and full-term infants under different parental educational approaches

This study aimed to explore motor trajectories of Brazilian pre-term and full-term infants from 3 to 12 months old whose parents participated in an educational program and had received guidance on gross motor development. Forty-eight Brazilian infants aged 3 months old were divided into Group 1 (full-term infants and their parents who received only verbal guidance, n = 14), Group 2 (full-term infants with parents who received an educative folder in addition to the same verbal guidance, n = 23), and Group 3 (preterm infants with parents who received the same verbal guidance and educative folder, n = 11). The folder had similar information to the verbal guidance; nonetheless, it helped to teach parents and allowed later consultation at home. We applied Alberta Infant Motor Scale, Affordances in Home Environment for Motor Development–Infant Scale, and a questionnaire about infants’ information at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months old. In longitudinal comparison, all groups showed a significant difference for AIMS variables on total score and subscales; all subitems of AHEMD-IS; and time spent in prone, supine, sitting, and standing positions. In general, no differences were found between groups. Motor trajectory, home opportunities, and parental positioning practices were similar between full-term and preterm infants with different guidance approaches.

Oxford Nanopore Technology and its Application in Liquid Biopsies.

Advanced medical technologies are transforming the future of healthcare, in particular, the screening and detection of molecular-genetic changes in patients suspected of having a neoplasm. They are based on the assumption that neoplasms release small amounts of various neoplasm-specific molecules, such as tumor DNA, called circulating DNA (cirDNA), into the extracellular space and subsequently into the blood. The detection of tumor-specific molecules and specific molecular changes in body fluids in a noninvasive or minimally invasive approach is known as "liquid biopsy." The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the application of ONT for analyzing circulating DNA in the field of liquid biopsies among cancer patients. Databases were searched using the keywords "nanopore" and "liquid biopsy" and by applying strict inclusion criteria. This technique can be used for the detection of neoplastic disease, including metastases, guiding precision therapy, and monitoring its effects. There are many challenges, however, for the successful implementation of this technology into the clinical practice. The first one is the low amount of tumor-specific molecules in the body fluids. Secondly, a tumor molecular signature should be discriminated from benign conditions like clonal hematopoiesis of unknown significance. Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) is a third-generation sequencing technology that seems particularly promising to complete these tasks. It offers rapid sequencing thanks to its ability to detect changes in the density of the electric current passing through nanopores. Even though ONT still needs validation technology, it is a promising approach for early diagnosis, therapy guidance, and monitoring of different neoplasms based on analyzing the cirDNA.

FineStyle: Semantic-Aware Fine-Grained Motion Style Transfer with Dual Interactive-Flow Fusion.

We present FineStyle, a novel framework for motion style transfer that generates expressive human animations with specific styles for virtual reality and vision fields. It incorporates semantic awareness, which improves motion representation and allows for precise and stylish animation generation. Existing methods for motion style transfer have all failed to consider the semantic meaning behind the motion, resulting in limited controls over the generated human animations. To improve, FineStyle introduces a new cross-modality fusion module called Dual Interactive-Flow Fusion (DIFF). As the first attempt, DIFF integrates motion style features and semantic flows, producing semantic-aware style codes for fine-grained motion style transfer. FineStyle uses an innovative two-stage semantic guidance approach that leverages semantic clues to enhance the discriminative power of both semantic and style features. At an early stage, a semantic-guided encoder introduces distinct semantic clues into the style flow. Then, at a fine stage, both flows are further fused interactively, selecting the matched and critical clues from both flows. Extensive experiments demonstrate that FineStyle outperforms state-of-the-art methods in visual quality and controllability. By considering the semantic meaning behind motion style patterns, FineStyle allows for more precise control over motion styles. Source code and model are available on https://github.com/XingliangJin/Fine-Style.git.

Smartphone Augmented Reality Outperforms Conventional CT Guidance for Composite Ablation Margins in Phantom Models

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a smartphone augmented reality (AR) system for a large 50-mm liver tumor ablation with treatment planning for composite overlapping ablation zones. Materials and MethodsA smartphone AR application was developed to display tumor, probe, projected probe paths, ablated zones, and real-time percentage of the ablated target tumor volume. Fiducial markers were attached to phantoms and an ablation probe hub for tracking. The system was evaluated with tissue-mimicking thermochromic phantoms and gel phantoms. Four interventional radiologists performed 2 trials each of 3 probe insertions per trial using AR guidance versus computed tomography (CT) guidance approaches in 2 gel phantoms. Insertion points and optimal probe paths were predetermined. On Gel Phantom 2, serial ablated zones were saved and continuously displayed after each probe placement/adjustment, enabling feedback and iterative planning. The percentages of tumor ablated for AR guidance versus CT guidance, and with versus without display of recorded ablated zones, were compared among interventional radiologists with pairwise t-tests. ResultsThe means of percentages of tumor ablated for CT freehand and AR guidance were 36% ± 7 and 47% ± 4 (P = .004), respectively. The mean composite percentages of tumor ablated for AR guidance were 43% ± 1 (without) and 50% ± 2 (with display of ablation zone) (P = .033). There was no strong correlation between AR-guided percentage of ablation and years of experience (r < 0.5), whereas there was a strong correlation between CT-guided percentage of ablation and years of experience (r > 0.9). ConclusionsA smartphone AR guidance system for dynamic iterative large liver tumor ablation was accurate, performed better than conventional CT guidance, especially for less experienced interventional radiologists, and enhanced more standardized performance across experience levels for ablation of a 50-mm tumor.

Feedforward‐ or feedback‐based group regulation guidance in collaborative groups

AbstractBackgroundCollaboration is a crucial concept in learning and has the potential to foster learning. However, the fact that collaborative groups act with a common understanding in a common task brings many difficulties. Therefore, there is a need for group regulation and guidance to support effective group regulation in collaborative learning. On the other hand, the focus should be on the effect of group regulation guidance intervention on the improvement of both individual and group performance, modes of motivational regulation strategies, and the progression of group metacognition.ObjectivesIn this study, group regulation guidance approaches were developed to support the collaborative learning of Computer Science university students. The developed group regulation guidance approach consists of feedback and a feedforward mechanism. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of these approaches on academic performance, group regulation performance perception, self‐, co‐, and socially shared regulation of intrinsic motivation, and group metacognition levels.MethodsThe study was patterned with a quasi‐experimental design. 65 students participated in the study, and various scales were used to collect data. Data were analysed using paired sample t‐tests, analysis of covariance, and multivariate analysis of covariance.Results and ConclusionAccording to the research results, academic achievement showed an increase in the experimental groups after the intervention compared with the pre‐intervention. The group in which the feedforward‐supported regulation guidance approach was used showed better learning success. In the group using the feedback‐supported regulation guidance approach, better group regulation, motivational regulation strategies, and group metacognition scores were obtained. Modes of motivational regulation strategies and group metacognition scores differed according to the experimental groups.ImplicationsWhile the results provide important clues for teachers and instructional designers, the developed approaches can be used as a framework for different fields.

An annular event-triggered artificial time-delayed control-based guidance approach

This work proposes a resource efficient robust control scheme for missile-target engagement scenarios subjected to external disturbances. The robustness is achieved by using an annular event-triggered artificial time-delayed control (ET-TDC) methodology with input saturation. The ET-TDC philosophy uses the TDC strategy through a dynamic predefined triggering mechanism which overcomes the requirement to update the control periodically for every sampling instant, unlike conventional TDC and other robust control schemes. Thus the proposed methodology can tackle uncertainties with minimal a-priori knowledge while significantly reducing the over-utilisation of system resources. In addition, the adopted event-triggered mechanism facilitates further conservation of energy which might be crucial for mid-to-long range engagement scenarios. The closed-loop stability is derived analytically and the simulation results illustrate the efficacy of the proposed guidance framework in comparison with other state-of-art robust control methodologies.

Enhancing Student Self-Confidence through Cognitive Restructuring: A High School Group Guidance Approach

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring through group guidance in enhancing students' self-confidence levels. This research investigates the impact of cognitive restructuring through group guidance on enhancing students' self-confidence. The study employed a quasi-experimental design involving a pre-test and post-test assessment to measure changes in self-confidence levels. The participants were eight high school students categorized as having low self-confidence. The intervention involved a six-week group guidance program focusing on cognitive restructuring techniques. The results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between pre-test and post-test self-confidence scores, indicating the intervention's effectiveness in improving self-confidence. The findings highlight the importance of cognitive restructuring as a valuable approach for addressing low self-confidence among students. While the intervention played a pivotal role, it's essential to acknowledge the influence of other internal and external factors in shaping self-confidence.

An Analysis of Influential Factors Affecting Career Selection Process

Making careful and well-thought-out decisions regarding a career can increase one's chance of success. Choosing the right career depends on many different factors related to the individual. The scientific approach for career guidance plays a vital role in reducing the expenses and efforts of a student in determining an optimum career path. This article focuses on scientifically determining the most relevant factors affecting the career selection decision of a person. The first section deals with a literature review of the various factors considered by the researchers for designing expert systems for career selection. A detailed questionnaire was designed to extract useful information from 95 individuals from different professions. The data consisted of 63.8% male and 36.2% female individuals belonging to professions viz. agriculture, fine arts, technology, education, and media. The individuals considered in the study comprised varied education levels ranging from intermediate diploma to post-graduation. Based on the above, a logical conclusion was drawn. The most relevant factors were determined by statistical analysis of the data obtained.

Trajectory tracking guidance of interceptor via prescribed performance integral sliding mode with neural network disturbance observer

This paper investigates interception missiles’ trajectory tracking guidance problem under wind field and external disturbances in the boost phase. Indeed, the velocity control in such trajectory tracking guidance systems of missiles is challenging. As our contribution, the velocity control channel is designed to deal with the intractable velocity problem and improve tracking accuracy. The global prescribed performance function, which guarantees the tracking error within the set range and the global convergence of the tracking guidance system, is first proposed based on the traditional PPF. Then, a tracking guidance strategy is derived using the integral sliding mode control techniques to make the sliding manifold and tracking errors converge to zero and avoid singularities. Meanwhile, an improved switching control law is introduced into the designed tracking guidance algorithm to deal with the chattering problem. A back propagation neural network (BPNN) extended state observer (BPNNESO) is employed in the inner loop to identify disturbances. The obtained results indicate that the proposed tracking guidance approach achieves the trajectory tracking guidance objective without and with disturbances and outperforms the existing tracking guidance schemes with the lowest tracking errors, convergence times, and overshoots.

Convexification approaches for regional route guidance and demand management with generalized MFDs

Traffic congestion is one of the main concerns in big cities with many adverse socioeconomic effects. A promising solution is to simultaneously regulate the admission of vehicles (i.e., demand management) and redistribute traffic flows within the network (i.e., route guidance). In this work, we integrate demand management with route guidance within a Model Predictive Control framework using regional traffic dynamics with generalized Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) shapes. Dealing with generalized MFD shapes is challenging due to the resulting nonlinear and non-convex optimization formulation. To tackle this challenge, we develop two real-time solution approaches: (i) a successive convexification approach that constructs convex bounding sets for all nonlinear terms, and (ii) a linear approximation approach that solves the problem using triangular macroscopic fundamental diagram approximations. The proposed approaches offer a trade-off between execution speed and solution quality, as the linear approximation approach runs faster while the successive convexification approach yields better quality and accuracy solutions. Macroscopic simulation results illustrate the efficiency of the successive convexification and linear approximation approaches yielding an optimality gap of less than 3.5% and 10% in all considered cases, respectively. Furthermore, both approaches outperform a state-of-practice nonlinear solver in terms of solution quality and execution time. Finally, substantial gains are also obtained regarding travel time and traffic flow efficiency in a realistic microsimulation environment.

Appropriate budget contingency determination for construction projects: State-of-the-art

Contingency is a critical component in the cost estimation process for any construction project. The contingency reserve considers potential costs related to risks and uncertainties associated with construction projects. It is usually assumed to damp any resulting uncertain monetary impact and to prevent project cost overrun. Many contingency calculation methods for construction projects proposed in literature ranged from simple percentage to complex mathematical methods. Deciding the optimum contingency method for a given project at a given phase represents the main challenge in cost estimation process. This study presents a comprehensive compilation of all contingency calculation methods and divided them into three main groups: deterministic, probabilistic, and modern mathematical methods which have been discussed in details. Appropriate method for estimating contingency amount depends on many criteria such as project peculiarity, complexity, ease of method used, and the accuracy level of the estimates. This study proposed a practical guidance approach for construction agencies to choose their appropriate cost contingency method.This research is expected to help agencies/owners in the budget development stage to allocate a contingency budget for their construction projects.

Kearifan Lokal Permainan Jamuran sebagai Penguatan Karakter Siswa melalui Layanan Bimbingan Konseling

The development of technology affects the games played by students through gadgets. Many interesting games can have a negative impact, such as the lack of socialization of students with their friends, emotional disturbances, behavior, and others. This study aims to instill character education through traditional “mushroom games” with a Counseling Guidance approach at Pertiwi Rengat Kindergarten. This research is qualitative research with Miles and Huberman model analysis techniques. The results showed that students' behavior changed, such as throwing garbage in its place, greeting each other, and shaking hands with teachers and other people (guests at school) when meeting face-to-face. In addition, observations showed that the students looked happy when doing activities together. Thus, traditional mushroom games with a group guidance approach can be used to instill students’ character to be even better.

Cone beam computed tomography image guidance within a magnetic resonance imaging-only planning workflow.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-only planning workflows offer many advantages but raises challenges regarding image guidance. The study aimed to assess the viability of MRI to Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) based image guidance for MRI-only planning treatment workflows. An MRI matching training package was developed. Ten radiation therapists, with a range of clinical image guidance experience and experience with MRI, completed the training package prior to matching assessment. The matching assessment was performed on four match regions: prostate gold seed, prostate soft tissue, rectum/anal canal and gynaecological. Each match region consisted of five patients, with three CBCTs per patient, resulting in fifteen CBCTs for each match region. The ten radiation therapists performed the CBCT image matching to CT and to MRI for all regions and recorded the match values. The median inter-observer variation for MRI-CBCT matching and CT-CBCT matching for all regions were within 2mm and 1 degree. There was no statistically significant association in the inter-observer variation in mean match values and radiation therapist image guidance experience levels. There was no statistically significant association in inter-observer variation in mean match values for MRI experience levels for prostate soft tissue and gynaecological match regions, while there was a statistically significant difference for prostate gold seed and rectum match regions. The results of this study support the concept that with focussed training, an MRI to CBCT image guidance approach can be successfully implemented in a clinical planning workflow.

Islamic Counseling Approach In Preventing Student Brawls

This study aims to determine the "Islamic Counseling Guidance Approach in Preventing Student Brawls". This research is a literature review. Literature review is the process of finding, obtaining, reading, and evaluating sourced reading materials from libraries such as books, articles, reference books, diaries, reports, other magazines. The steps in this research include: (1) reading data sources, understanding and reviewing what is read, (2) writing briefly but meaningfully. Data were obtained from periodicals of journals and literacy. Data analysis consists of pragmatic analysis, subject analysis and symbol analysis. The last step is sorting, comparing, combining, and selecting various actual and relevant meanings. The results of the literature review concluded that counseling guidance needs to contribute to preventing brawls, especially among students by using an Islamic approach both individually and in groups as well as instilling Islamic values ??in the counseling process

A Vision-Based Autonomous Landing Guidance Strategy for a Micro-UAV by the Modified Camera View

Autonomous landing is one of the key technologies for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) which can improve task flexibility in various fields. In this paper, a vision-based autonomous landing strategy is proposed for a quadrotor micro-UAV based on a novel camera view angle conversion method, fast landing marker detection, and an autonomous guidance approach. The front-view camera of the micro-UAV video is first modified by a new strategy to obtain a top-down view. By this means, the landing marker can be captured by the onboard camera of the micro-UAV and is then detected by the YOLOv5 algorithm in real time. The central coordinate of the landing marker is estimated and used to generate the guidance commands for the flight controller. After that, the guidance commands are sent by the ground station to perform the landing task of the UAV. Finally, the flight experiments using DJI Tello UAV are conducted outdoors and indoors, respectively. The original UAV platform is modified using the proposed camera view angle-changing strategy so that the top-down view can be achieved for performing the landing mission. The experimental results show that the proposed landing marker detection algorithm and landing guidance strategy can complete the autonomous landing task of the micro-UAV efficiently.

OPTIMALISASI PERAN GURU PAI DALAM MENCEGAH RADIKALISME PADA PESERTA DIDIK MUSLIM DI KABUPATEN RAJA AMPAT

The objectives of this scientific research are: 1) To describe the efforts of Islamic Religious Education teachers in preventing radicalism among students at SMA Negeri 1 Raja Ampat Regency. 2) To describe optimizing the role of Islamic Religious Education teachers in preventing radicalism among students at SMA Negeri 1 Raja Ampat Regency. This research uses descriptive qualitative research located at SMA Negeri 1 Raja Ampat. This research approach is a guidance approach and a sociological approach. Data sources in this research include primary data sources and secondary data sources. Data collection methods are observation, interviews and documentation. Analysis of this research data through data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that: 1) Optimization has been carried out by Islamic Religious Education Teachers in preventing radicalism, namely: a) Islamic Religious Education Teachers optimize explanations about Islam rahmatan lil 'aalamiin, b) Islamic Religious Education Teachers optimize dialogue in Islamic Religious Education learning. c) Islamic Religious Education Teachers optimize the introduction and application of Multicultural education. 2) The role of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in preventing radicalism is: a) Islamic Religious Education Teachers as educators, b) Islamic Religious Education Teachers as teachers, and c) Islamic Religious Education Teachers as mentors.

Group counseling training with a REBT approach for guidance and counseling teachers at the MTs in Magelang Regency

Improving the competency of guidance and counseling teachers includes both a demand and an obligation in the delivery of guidance and counseling services. The aim of this program intends to strengthen guidance and counseling teachers' competency, particularly in group counseling services. The Guidance and Counseling Teacher Consultation (MGBK) MTs Magelang Regency are the target audience for this program. This program employs lectures, group counseling practice support using the REBT technique, and activity evaluation. As the result of this program, guidance and counseling teachers at Magelang Regency MGBK MTs learned to grasp the application of group counseling using the REBT approach.