GSM Signal Research Articles

Development of a GSM-RC Automated Device for Measuring Mobile Communication Signal Strength and Meteorological Parameters

The automated Global System for Mobile Communication Signal Strength and Radio Climatological (GSM-RC) measuring device is an integration of different electronic sensors in a box for an in-situ measuring system. The sensor, data logging, and communication subsystems are integrated for transmitting information on meteorological parameters (MPs) and GSM signal strength level (SSL). The goal is to develop a device that could simultaneously measure MP and SSL of GSM communication systems in any location of interest. This is to reduce significant errors due to a lack of synchronization among multiple devices. To accomplish this objective, we designed an atmospheric sensing system with GSM SSL, temperature, relative humidity, and pressure sensors integrated as a GSM-RC unit. An Arduino microcontroller unit was used to wirelessly transmit the data collected by various sensors in each subsystem and stored on a micro-SD card. A statistical analysis of the SSL between the GSM-RC and the Samsung Galaxy A10s mobile reveals a correlation of roughly 0.99. The ANOVA analysis of variance demonstrates no noticeable distinction between the SSL from developed and conventional devices. The P-value is about 0.93, with α-value of 0.05. The MPs were validated with a standard Vintage Pro weather station, and the data were statistically correlated with accuracies close to unity. A field test was carried out with the device to measure the SSL through the GSM and the selected MP in Akure from January to December 2022. The findings indicate a weak and poor correlation between temperature and signal strength, while relative humidity and pressure have a positive and weak correlations with the signal strength. This implies that an increase in SSL leads to a slight decrease in temperature while the relative humidity and pressure increase slightly. Other than being affordable in terms of production and deployment, the device has also solved the problem of labour-intensiveness arising from bulkiness.

Detection of poikilocytosis cells in anemia using (ANN) & embedded systems

In the bloodstream, erythrocytes stand as vital carriers of oxygen and carbon dioxide, facilitated by the presence of hemoglobin within their structures. However, deviations in erythrocyte size can lead to the formation of Poikilocyte cells, a characteristic feature of conditions like Iron Deficiency Anemia. Variants of Poikilocytoses, such as Degmacyte, Dacrocyte, Schistocyte, and Elliptocyte, denote distinct alterations in erythrocyte morphology, often associated with diminished iron levels crucial for haemoglobin synthesis. In a recent study, the differentiation between normal RBCs and Poikilocyte cells has been addressed through the application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms, leveraging extracted features from digital images of blood smears. This approach offers a more precise means of identifying blood disorders compared to traditional visual inspection, utilizing image analysis techniques to detect deviations in color, size, and statistical parameters. The methodology involves a series of computational steps including preprocessing, segmentation, morphological operations, feature extraction, and classification, all executed within the Matlab environment. Furthermore, to enhance diagnostic capabilities, the system integrates glucose level measurement alongside erythrocyte analysis, transmitting data to a controller which relays results via GSM signal as SMS and LCD display. This comprehensive approach not only automates cell identification and classification but also ensures efficient and accurate analysis, including the automated separation of overlapped cells.

The Design of a Location Monitoring System for a Fleet of Electric Scooters

The development of geolocation systems( geostationary satellite networks), as well as devices capable of receiving signals and processing the data coming from them, makes possible the implementation of location monitoring systems for various purposes. Whether it's about security or optimizing travel times or routes, these systems are based on information in the form of global coordinates (latitude and longitude) from satellite systems or cell towers. The design of such a system is presented in this paper, being a good guide in the design and implementation of such a system, regardless of the application. Both, the hardware part (the designed equipment) and the software part (the backend component running on a virtual private server, as well as a mobile application) are presented in this paper. In the development of the system, was used only location provided by information from satellites, without using GSM cell signals. The entire system has been successfully tested in different GSM signal conditions as well as various locations to see the influence of environmental parameters on performance. The system described in the paper can be the starting point for the development of other systems for a variety of applications that require the management of the location of some devices.

IMPLEMENTATION OF DIPOLE ANTENNA WITH SQUARE REFLECTOR

This research is about how to develop a signal receiving antenna by using a tin can as a reflector and a ½ Lambda Dipole-shaped copper wire as a driver. With a direct experimental method to the research location which is useful for analyzing each signal strength captured. One of the objectives of this research is to support the improvement of the creative economy in Sungai Kupah Village, which still has inadequate signal quality. The results of this study indicate that only by using a tin can antenna can improve the quality of GSM signals. There are 2 providers used, namely Tri and Telkomsel by taking variable values of Signal Strength, RSSI, SINR, RSRP, RSRQ and taking daily data for 5 days of research in the morning and evening which aims to analyze what changes in value there are. variable data. The average value obtained by Provider Telkomsel for 5 days in the morning is Signal Strength -108.8 dBm, RSSI -78.62 dBm, SINR 3.78 dB, RSRP -108.8 dBm, RSRQ -12.1 dB, Ping 103.83 ms, Upload 60.21 Mbps, Download 9.92 Mbps. The average value obtained by Telkomsel Provider for 5 days afternoon is Signal Strength -116 dBm, RSSI -85.74 dBm, SINR 1.8 dB, RSRP -116 dBm, RSRQ -11.3 dB, Ping 156.33 ms, Upload 78.84 Mbps, Download 11.64Mbps. The average value obtained by Provider Tri for 5 days in the morning is Signal Strength -112.2 dBm, RSSI -85.42 dBm, SINR 5.88 dB, RSRP -122.2 dBm, RSRQ -9.3 dB, Ping 130.94 ms, Upload 50.84 Mbps, Download 8, 05Mbps. The average value obtained by Provider Tri for 5 days afternoon is Signal Strength -111.2 dBm, RSSI -84.34 dBm, SINR 6.62 dB, RSRP -111.2 dBm, RSRQ 9.9 dB, Ping 91.94 ms, Upload 14.60 Mbps.

BIQUAD ANTENNA DESIGN WITH CIRCLE REFLECTORS

This research is about how to develop a signal receiving antenna using cans as a reflector and copper wire in the form of BiQuad as a drive. With the experimental method directly to the research site which is useful for analyzing each captured signal strength. One of the objectives of this research is to support the improvement of the creative economy in Sungai Kupah Village, where the area really needs help from signal strength. The results of this study indicate that using only a can antenna can improve the GSM signal quality. There are 2 providers used, namely Tri and Telkomsel by taking variable values from Signal Strength, RSSI, SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, Ping, Upload, Download and taking the daily data for 5 research days in the morning and evening which aims to analyze any change in the value of the variable data. The average value obtained by the Tri provider for 5 days in the morning at Signal Strength -113.4 dBm, RSSI -82.64 dBm, SINR 4.78 dB, RSRP -113.4 dBm, RSRQ -13.2 dB , Ping 168.21 ms, Upload 37.68 Mbps, Download 2.08 Mbps. The average value obtained by the Tri provider for 5 days in the afternoon at Signal Strength -112.8 dBm, RSSI -82.36 dBm, SINR 4.56 dB, RSRP -112.8 dBm, RSRQ 13.3 dB, Ping 194.60 ms, Upload 20.52 Mbps, Download 9.15 Mbps. The average Telkomsel provider gets for 5 days in the morning at Signal Strength -115.8 dBm, RSSI -87.16 dBm, SINR 4.56 dB, RSRP -115.8 dBm, RSRQ -10.3 dB, Ping 189.14 ms, Upload 23.52 Mbps, Download 15.67 Mbps. The average Telkomsel provider gets for 5 days in the afternoon at Signal Strength -113.8 dBm, RSSI -86.12 dBm, SINR 6.16 dB, RSRP -113.8 dBm, RSRQ -9.7 dB, Ping 157.52 ms, Upload 31.83 Mbps, Download 22.27 Mbps.

Impact of Mobile Received Signal Strength (RSS) on Roaming and Non-roaming Mobile Subscribers.

Mobile phones have transitioned from voice-centric devices to smart devices supporting functionalities like high-definition video and games, web browsers, radio reception, and video conferencing. Mobile phones are used in telemedicine, health monitoring applications, navigation tools, and gaming devices, among other applications. Given the above, Mobile broadband connectivity affects mobile access to the internet and voice communications. This paper assesses the impact of the Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and broadband connectivity around Covenant University. LTE, GSM, and HSPA mobile signal measurement campaigns were conducted around Covenant University in Ota, Ogun state, Nigeria. To investigate the best optimized mobile network for mobile subscribers on roaming services and subscriber's high performance and data rates. After the experiment, exploratory data analysis was used to visualize the best mobile network; GSM proved as stable than LTE and HSPA.

Wireless Technology Identification Employing Dynamic Mode Decomposition Modeling

Significant growth in broadband wireless services, as well as ever-increasing demand on the spectrum caused by the Internet of Things (IoT) have overstretched limited available spectrum space for wireless services. Heterogeneous wireless networks (HetNets)—wherein multiple wireless technologies (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, LTE, and GSM) coexist and share spectrum—are a promising solution for enhancing spectrum sharing. An essential element in developing coexistence protocols is correctly identifying wireless technologies anticipated to share spectrum and to shift users between available wireless technologies in an effort to optimize spectrum usage and minimize interference. For the coexistence research reported in this paper, we analyzed the performance of our developed novel algorithm based on dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) mathematical modeling to identify and differentiate among various wireless technologies. More specifically, our technique identified GSM and LTE signals in the cellular domain, IEEE802.11n, ac, and ax in the Wi-Fi domain, as well as Bluetooth and Zigbee. The proposed DMD-based technique identifies the time domain signature of a signal by capturing embedded periodic features transmitted within the signal. Performance and accuracy were tested and validated using an experimental dataset collected for various time series, and raw-power measurements of the targeted technologies. Results showed that the developed DMD-based algorithm can differentiate and classify individual and coexisting wireless signals with high accuracy —greater than 90% for most cases. Furthermore, only a short time— less than one second—is required for identifying a signal and enabling implementation in real-time practical networks. The advantage of the developed technique over comparable techniques is lower complexity (i.e., shorter processing and training time, no channel estimation, no time/frequency synchronization, and no need for long observation-time intervals).

PENGENDALIAN SISTEM HIDROPONIK BERBASIS SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE GATEAWAY

The hydroponic system is a method of cultivating plants using mineral solutions in water without soil. This system is a solution for agricultural cultivation on narrow land. Hydroponic control is usually still done manually or conventionally. This research makes a system for remote hydroponic control for adding nutrient water through SIM800L communication. Control communication uses cell phones for controlling the water reservoir pump and checking parameters. The system uses SIM800L because GSM signal is almost reachable in all places. This control system uses Arduino UNO microcontroller. The parameters that are read in this hydroponic system include ambient temperature using a DHT 11 sensor, water level using an ultrasonic sensor, measuring nutrients with a TDS (Total Dissolve Solid) Meter sensor, measuring water pH using a pH Meter sensor, and water temperature using a DS18B20 sensor. This control system utilizes DTMF tones on cell phone voice calls, the tone will be sent to the DTMF module and then converted into binary data. In this control using tone numbers 1,2 and 3. Control using Telkomsel provider the average delay generated for controlling relay 1 is 1.58 seconds and SMS notification is 8.82 seconds. Relay 2 1.93 seconds to control the relay and SMS notification 7.07 seconds. For tone number 3 the delay is 22.64 for sending SMS. The results of sensor measurements are compared with measuring instruments to determine the linearity of measurements and look for erors. From the measurements obtained the lowest eror value in the measurement of water temperature with an eror of 3.67%.

Effect of dust storms on (GSM) signal north region of Libya

Propagation mechanisms are very complex and diverse, because of the separation between the receiver and the transmitter, attenuation (reduction or loss) of the signal strength occurs. Field study will be conducted in amid north region of Libya (Bani Walid), which has high wind speed, and high attenuation loss, desert climate, and frequent dust and sand storms. This phenomenon actually influenced on wireless communication systems (GSM signal), neither the effect of the humidity on the complex permittivity nor the antenna height on the visibility, where by its effect on both attenuation and cross-polarization constants in this region. Besides the expectation of different chemical analysis of the dust and sand. These samples were collected from five location, every location had one level and sand was collected from a height of 2m, collect the meteorological data for the region of this study, e.g. visibility, wind speed and relative humidity, and height of towers from Libyana technical station. The analysis of these samples were done in two laboratories, one in university of Tripoli (AL-Fateh University), and the second in the Industrial Research Center in Tripoli. In the analysis, we were looking for the chemical and physically composition, the chemical composition of dust and sand had been got to compute complex permittivity, density, and chemical and physical properties analysis for the samples. Determine equivalent diameter, particles-size distribution, and axes ratio for collected samples; determine equivalent diameter, particles-size distribution, and axes ratio for collected samples. Compute the attenuation loss and cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) change due to the effect of sand and dust storms on wireless communication systems (GSM signal) which coverage in the studied region.

Automatic Detection System for Vehicular Heatstroke Prevention

Many children and animals had died from Vehicular Heatstroke every year. According to the “Not Heatstroke organization,” 882 children have died due to pediatric Vehicular Heatstroke since 1998 in just in the US. Vehicle manufacturers have not given this tragic problem the needed attention despite the massive development of the technology of vehicles. Nowadays, the technology of vehicles has been improved by different types of systems such as Anti-Lock Brakes, Electronic Stability Control, Adaptive cruise control, Lane-departure warning system, and Self-parking which assist and protect the driver's life during the trip. In this paper, a comparison between this system and other vehicular heatstroke detection systems will be executed. An automatic vehicular heatstroke detection system will be designed based on an Infrared Array Sensor. This system will detect any child inside the vehicle by using the Infrared Array Sensor “Grid EYE” as soon as the driver leaves the vehicle. After that, the system will activate the light and horn of the vehicle as an alarm. And then, the system will send an SMS to the driver by GSM signal. Finally, the system will send a signal to turn the air condition on only in case there is no response from the driver.

Automatic Detection System for Vehicular Heatstroke Prevention

Many children and animals had died from Vehicular Heatstroke every year. According to the “Not Heatstroke organization,” 882 children have died due to pediatric Vehicular Heatstroke since 1998 in just in the US. Vehicle manufacturers have not given this tragic problem the needed attention despite the massive development of the technology of vehicles. Nowadays, the technology of vehicles has been improved by different types of systems such as Anti-Lock Brakes, Electronic Stability Control, Adaptive cruise control, Lane-departure warning system, and Self-parking which assist and protect the driver's life during the trip. In this paper, a comparison between this system and other vehicular heatstroke detection systems will be executed. An automatic vehicular heatstroke detection system will be designed based on an Infrared Array Sensor. This system will detect any child inside the vehicle by using the Infrared Array Sensor “Grid EYE” as soon as the driver leaves the vehicle. After that, the system will activate the light and horn of the vehicle as an alarm. And then, the system will send an SMS to the driver by GSM signal. Finally, the system will send a signal to turn the air condition on only in case there is no response from the driver.

An Analysis of Effect GSM Signal Type on Android-Based Vehicle Injector Response Time

The crime of motor vehicle theft is increasing, the automotive industry continues to develop security systems to reduce the number of thefts that occur in Indonesia through the development of sophisticated features. The addition of a global positioning system (GPS) feature on a vehicle is an alternative to supporting a security system by providing vehicle location information when theft occurs. GPS provides location information by providing microcontroller input data. GPS on the vehicle becomes very important because with the GPS module the vehicle can be found by knowing an accurate location. However, the addition of a GPS module is often difficult to find because the distance changes frequently and it takes a long time to find it. The purpose of this paper is to detect vehicle position accurately using GPS U-Blox NEO 6M and to analyze the effect of GSM signal type on the response time of long-distance vehicle injectors based on android. The research method is data analysis to make conclusions, namely the two-way factor quantitative experimental method. The independent variables used are (1) different signal types, and (2) the distance from the signal source to the gasoline engine injector response time. The conclusion obtained is that vehicle position detection using GPS U-Blox NEO 6M is accurate with the results of data analysis shifting 8.3113 meters and the interaction between distance and GSM signal types has no significant effect with the results of data analysis from the three types of Telkomsel GSM signals which are the fastest with a distance of 200 meters from the signal source with a response time of 4.956 seconds and the slowest is XL at a distance of 500 meters from the signal source with a response time of 8.5 seconds.
 Keywords: Android-Based Vehicle Injector, GSM Signal Type, Vehicle Injector

Design of Smart Farm Irrigation Monitoring System Using IoT and LoRA

Agriculture is an essential part of society in Indonesia because most of the population lives off of farming. Water and irrigation are the most critical and central factors in the agricultural system. The uneven distribution of irrigation water can be a problem for farmers. In addition, most of the current irrigation systems are still operated manually, for example, irrigation gates. The gate still works manually and requires human labor to run it. This study aims to design a smart farm irrigation system using internet of things and LoRa communication technology. LoRa can transmit information up to a range of several kilometers without an internet connection. It will be advantageous when the farm's location is deep in the forest, and there is no GSM signal for internet access. This study indicates that this system brings benefits for farmers in running agriculture. Farmers' work time is shorter. They can use the remaining time to do other businesses to increase their income. The irrigation monitoring process becomes easier because they do not need to come to the farm location. In fact, they can use smartphones to monitor it.

Design and Implementation of Ultra-Wide Band Antenna for Partial Discharge Detection in High Voltage Power Equipment

Partial discharges (PD) are the most common and harmful threat to the health of electrical insulation of high voltage (HV) and high field (HF) equipment. The occurrence of PD activity in HV and MV equipment is at the same time a cause and a sign of insulation degradation that may eventually result in the breakdown of the HV power equipment. For the safe and reliable operation of HV power equipment, continuous PD monitoring needs to be conducted conveniently to prevent any unplanned power outages and damage to electrical power equipment. The ultra-high frequency (UHF) PD measurement method has been widely used as an effective technique to detect PD activity on HV power equipment due to its non-invasive principle. To enable PD detection accuracy, there is still a need for more sensitive PD sensors that can assist the UHF PD monitoring system by suppressing ambient background noise and low-frequency electromagnetic interferences from telecommunication such as GSM signals. To tackle the sensitivity issues, this article presents a new design of ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna that is capable of effective suppression of low-frequency interference signals. The proposed antenna, designed, simulated, and optimized using the CST Microwave Studio software, has a bandwidth of 3.3GHz, below -10dB, in the operating frequency range of 1.2GHz-4.5GHz. The prototype of this antenna, printed on an FR4 substrate of a thickness of 1.6mm and a dielectric constant of 4.4, featuring a compact size of 100mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times100$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times1.6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm, was implemented to detect PD through laboratory experiments. This paper shows that the designed UWB antenna has high sensitivity, good noise rejection and it is, therefore, a promising candidate sensor for PD detection on HV equipment.

The assessment of distribution of GSM signal on the route with the difficult relief and mainly deciduous wood

This article is devoted to assessment of distribution of radio waves for GSM technology in the range of 900 and 1800 MHz. A fading calculation is conducted for a route with difficult relief with the mainly leafy forest. An imitation design was carried out by means of MATLAB environment for comparison of theoretical and practical results.

IDSL (Inexpensive Device for Sea Level) performance analysis for tews (Tsunami Early Warning System) in Sadeng fisheries port

Inexpensive Device for Sea Level Monitoring or IDSL is one of TEWS devices operating in Indonesia for more than two years, monitoring real-time on a 24/7 sea level and providing email, SMS alerts, CCTV images, and information about a potential event of a tsunami. This paper aims to analyze the device’s performance at Sadeng Fisheries Port based on critical parameters for tsunami early warning systems such as data quality, latency time, the quality of CCTV images, and the release of warning capabilities. The results show that the tidal range at spring tide is about 3.19 m, in line with BIG tidal station data. These data also indicate that the minimum tide height is 0.06 m and the maximum tide height is 3.25 m. Performance results show a total data gap of 1717 data gaps with a minimum gap of 10 seconds and a maximum gap for two days of 9 hours, with latency intervals dominated by values less than 30 seconds. However, consist eight extreme latencies in the observation period are associated with internet quotas and technical interference. For the quality of CCTV cameras, good quality images contributed to about 84,85%. Although there are many interferences from GSM signals and vessel activity below the sensors, the overall performance of this device has shown high reliability to strengthen the existing tsunami early warning system in the South of Java and Indonesia.

Development of signal strength meter for GSM signal

In this study, a stand-alone signal strength meter is developed for diagnosing the quality of GSM signals. The meter consists of a sim808 module, memory card shield, microcontroller, and Liquid Crystal Display unit, and 12 V, 60000mAH lithium battery. A C-programming with Arduino platform is adapted to communicate with the sim808 board, memory card shield, LCD, and microcontroller (Arduino mega 2560). A sim808 library was used to extract the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), the coordinator, the number of satellites in view, and the satellite is used in computing the basic position parameters. The signal strength obtained ranges from -115 dBm to -51 dBm when compared with the Samsung Galaxy A10s phone signal strength and developed device show a good correlation (0.99) with the standard device.

Automatic Positioning of Mobile Users via GSM Signal Measurements

Today the need for mobile communication systems and the high increase in the number of users have also made the development of new generation mobile applications indispensable. Obtaining location information has been one of the most interesting and significant areas of improvement. The purpose of the services used to determine the location is generally to obtain the information of the users such as approximate location, speed and time. The GPS system is the most preferred and globally accurate positioning system among global positioning systems. However, in addition to requiring a high installation cost of this system, it is one of the biggest constraints that galactic and meteorological factors, high buildings and other physical obstacles, and especially closed areas can lead to serious signal weaknesses and losses which may cause the system to be out of service. Considering these issues, it is seen that there is an urgent need for positioning systems that will be alternative and complementary to global positioning systems. The cellular network is widely used by almost everyone and its coverage area is increasing day by day. The employed data sets were created by recording the received signal strength (RSS), location information of the GSM base station and the user measured in indoor and outdoor areas through a mobile application we have developed in the Android Studio environment for mobile phones. The network has been trained by machine learning algorithms; extreme learning machine (ELM), generalized regression neural network (GRNN) and k nearest neighborhood (kNN). In the tests conducted with indoor, outdoor and combined data sets, it has been observed that the proposed positioning system works well with distance error rates below a meter (m) at the minimum, and between 76-216 m on average.

Characterization of Penetration Strength of GSM Signals (900 MHz) and their attenuation within some selected Buildings at the University of Ibadan

The diverse challenges been encountered by GSM subscribers within some locations at the University of Ibadan through their usual transits within and outside of buildings, before been able to receive uninterrupted flow of GSM communication due to signal fade and call drop, motivated the need to attempt to characterize signal strength penetration in buildings. This characterization would assist in determining the link budget required for a better Quality of Service (QoS) in this community. However, signal strength path measurement from GSM transmitter (i.e. base station) to the receiver is amongst the parameters required in estimating signal attenuation. Thus, in order to be able to estimate the magnitude of signal penetrations into buildings at the University of Ibadan, the factory fitted signal strength software installed on an android phone was utilized in obtaining the signal strengths of the four major GSM service providers (940MHz, 950MHz, 955MHz and 960MHz) operating in this vicinity. These measurements were taken for three weeks during the daily peak hours of communication (09Hr, 12Hr, 15Hr, and 18Hr) within every three minutes interval, at eight selected buildings (isolated and non-isolated) due to their closeness to GSM base stations. Analysis of data showed that the signal strengths at corridors of both isolated and non-isolated buildings are stronger than those indoors. Moreover, the signal attenuation used in depicting signal fade further showed that the attenuation increased at indoors more than corridors. This increment in indoor attenuations could be due to resistance against signals by the materials utilized in the construction of these buildings. In essence, the base station’s transmission power for this community should be increased by the various GSM network service providers in order to overcome attenuation problem. Likewise, the determined penetration attenuation allowance value of 15dB could be utilized in designing their link budget for a better QoS.

Design and implementation of smart breaker system for electricity board using autonomous systems

According to the statistics of the Indian government, India loses 16.2 billion rupees due to the power theft by the people in all the states and many of the people don't pay their bills and still use the electricity for free because of the improper use of the existing systems. The electricity board in India also experiences lot of troubles in various tasks like energy auditing, billing, regulating power in order to keep the system running smoothly. To prevent the above-mentioned problems a smart circuit breaker kit for electricity board is developed with the help of Arduino Uno, Relay, GSM module, Subscriber's Identity Module (SIM), and Real Time Clock (RTC). The major problem of power theft can also be prevented through control over the energy meter. The controlling of energy meter will be easy as the GSM signals became part of the daily life as they are available everywhere.