Abstract
Today the need for mobile communication systems and the high increase in the number of users have also made the development of new generation mobile applications indispensable. Obtaining location information has been one of the most interesting and significant areas of improvement. The purpose of the services used to determine the location is generally to obtain the information of the users such as approximate location, speed and time. The GPS system is the most preferred and globally accurate positioning system among global positioning systems. However, in addition to requiring a high installation cost of this system, it is one of the biggest constraints that galactic and meteorological factors, high buildings and other physical obstacles, and especially closed areas can lead to serious signal weaknesses and losses which may cause the system to be out of service. Considering these issues, it is seen that there is an urgent need for positioning systems that will be alternative and complementary to global positioning systems. The cellular network is widely used by almost everyone and its coverage area is increasing day by day. The employed data sets were created by recording the received signal strength (RSS), location information of the GSM base station and the user measured in indoor and outdoor areas through a mobile application we have developed in the Android Studio environment for mobile phones. The network has been trained by machine learning algorithms; extreme learning machine (ELM), generalized regression neural network (GRNN) and k nearest neighborhood (kNN). In the tests conducted with indoor, outdoor and combined data sets, it has been observed that the proposed positioning system works well with distance error rates below a meter (m) at the minimum, and between 76-216 m on average.
Highlights
THE HIGH interest in mobile communication systems triggers the development of new technologies and applications
The data used in this study consists of signal measurement records obtained from indoor and outdoor locations in a certain region in the city center of Siirt via a convenient and easy-to-access mobile application that we have developed in the Android Studio environment
The collected data consists of the actual signal strengths measured in dBm from different base stations of the serving cellular network and the geographic coordinates of the currently serving cell location taken via internet and the actual position of the mobile user taken via global positioning system (GPS), which have been recorded instantly at certain time intervals that can be adopted according to the relative speed of the mobile user to ensure sufficient amount of data
Summary
THE HIGH interest in mobile communication systems triggers the development of new technologies and applications. Geolocation techniques are one of the most important developments in this field. Positioning techniques enable the position estimation of people, mobile devices or equipment. Global positioning systems are the most widely used positioning systems in many areas in today's technology. Global geolocation systems are mainly used in military fields (fighter jets, smart weapons and bombs, positioning vehicles and equipment) and scientific studies (geological studies, remote sensing research, geophysical measurements, cartography, etc.). On the other hand, such positioning systems are widely used in many transportation systems, mining activities, all kinds of security applications, especially in search and rescue operations, agricultural activities, and sports activities [1]
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