Grupo De Research Articles

Roland Corbisier: Nacional-desenvolvimentismo e hegeliano-marxismo no Iseb

The article recovers the political trajectory and theoretical formulations of the philosopher Roland Corbisier (1914-2005) from his initiation into integralism in São Paulo, through his studies of philosophical existentialism, until his adhesion to the “Grupo de Itatiaia” that would later give origin of the ISEB (1955-1964). As executive director of the Institute, special emphasis is given to the philosophical path that led his thinking of national developmentalism as opposition to the "colonial statute", moving through formulations about a national philosophy and reaching the philosophy of praxis, Marxism, as the main vector of the anticolonial struggle and national independence. The contradictions of that period led to the 1964 coup that closed the ISEB, eliminated the Basic Reforms and revoked his mandate as federal deputy. In the course of the 70s and 80s, he made unique contributions to dialectical thought, specifically in the development of logical conjunctions between Hegelianism and Marxism, as well as polemics with academic intellectuals about nationalism. We conclude our presentation by joining the PCdoB in the 1990s as a synthesis of its political convictions in socialism, in the development of the country and in the national-popular culture. His intellectual biography and political praxis constitute a paradigmatic synopsis of the transitions that took place in Brazil and in the world during the twentieth century.

Actitudes, conocimientos y comportamientos sobre el consumo de sal según la percepción de un grupo de mujeres en Paraguay

Introducción: la hipertensión arterial se encuentra dentro de las enfermedades crónicas más prevalentes en nuestro país, el consumo excesivo de sal podría ser un factor preponderante de esta situación, el conocer lo que piensa nuestra población sobre ello y que actitud y predisposición al cambio demuestra, aportaría información relevante para desarrollar estrategias de prevención.

Por que o Jogo: a contribuição do CEFD/UFSM na vida acadêmica

Este artigo trata de uma trajetória acadêmica em Educação Física que inicia e se consolida no Centro de Educação Física e Desporto da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Destaca o envolvimento com a produção de pesquisas da iniciação científica à pós-graduação, organização de eventos nacionais e internacionais pela via da participação no Grupo de Pesquisa em Lazer e Formação de Professores, em específico, acerca do tema Jogo. Mostra as várias possibilidades de crescimento e qualificação profissional e humano que a instituição proporciona para aqueles que nela trilham sua jornada acadêmica e compartilham parte de suas vidas.

Distribution of South American manatees, Trichechus manatus Linnaeus, 1758 and T. inunguis (Natterer, 1883) (Sirenia: Trichechidae)

South America is unique as it is home of two species of manatees: the West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus, and the Amazonian manatee, T. inunguis. These species are easily identified by the belly skin coloration, the first is entirely gray whereas T. inunguis has a white mark pattern in the belly, and presence of nails in T. manatus, absent in T. inunguis. The morphology and the range of Trichechus species have been clearly established. However, we show that the belly skin coloration and the presence of nails on the pectoral flipper may be polymorphic. These findings prompted us to check all available information about the manatee. In view of lack of accurate data on manatee locations, we produced a gazetteer and a map of Trichechus spp. in South America using records obtained by regular monitoring of aquatic mammal strandings conducted by the Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos da Amazônia of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, all available peer-reviewed data, reports, thesis, and newspaper files with photos showing diagnostic characters. These findings showed the need of improving the identification of these species before implementing conservation strategies. Finally, we present a complete report on the extant distribution of these species in South America.

School outcomes of adolescents with cerebral palsy in Sweden.

AimTo study school outcomes of adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) compared with a matched comparison group from the general population, and to observe to what extent sociodemographic and disability‐specific factors are associated with school outcomes.MethodThis was a register study of persons with CP in Sweden, born between 1990 and 1999, with a matched comparison group. Logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations between CP and disability‐specific factors and school outcomes (receiving final grades, grade scores, fulfilling the requirements for progressing to secondary school/university, and attending secondary school).ResultsChildren with CP had substantially lower school achievement compared with a general population sample. Much of the difference can be attributed to intellectual disability; however, CP remained strongly negatively associated with school outcomes. Ability to communicate in an effective manner explained most of the variation in children with CP, whereas motor function played a smaller role.InterpretationThe results suggest that school achievements might be improved if the communication barrier could be reduced, for example by ascertaining access to appropriate communication devices and by educators being aware that communicative difficulties do not necessarily imply intellectual disability. This might enhance the school experience and create an environment where children with CP can reach their full potential.What this study adds There are reduced educational outcomes associated with cerebral palsy.Negative outcomes are mainly driven by reduced communicative and intellectual ability.Gross motor function is associated with outcomes, but plays a smaller part.

Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium monophasic variant (1,4,[5],12:i:-) from Colombian clinical isolates

ResumenIntroducción. La variante monofásica (1,4,[5],12:i:-) de Salmonella Typhimurium ocupa los primeros lugares en los programas de vigilancia de Salmonella a nivel mundial. En Colombia, Salmonella enterica variante monofásica alcanza el cuarto lugar en cuanto a los aislamientos clínicos recuperados por medio de la vigilancia por laboratorio del Grupo de Microbiología del Instituto Nacional de Salud, pero se desconoce si dichos aislamientos están relacionados con la variante monofásica de Typhimurium que circula a nivel global, y con sus características genéticas y fenotípicas.Objetivo. Caracterizar los aislamientos de Salmonella monofásica recuperados en Colombia entre el 2015 y el 2018 por el Grupo de Microbiología del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 286 aislamientos clínicos de Salmonella enterica variante monofásica mediante PCR o secuenciación del genoma completo (Whole Genome Sequencing, WGS) para confirmar si correspondían a Salmonella Typhimurium variante monofásica, en tanto que, en 54 aislamientos, se determinó la estructura genética del operón que codifica la segunda fase flagelar y, en 23, se evaluó la motilidad, el crecimiento y la expresión de las proteínas de membrana externa.Resultados. El 61 % (n=174) de los aislamientos de Salmonella monofásica correspondió a Salmonella Typhimurium serovar monofásico. El 64,8 % (n=35/54) se relacionó con el clon europeo-español y, el 13 % (n=7/54), con el estadounidense. En dos aislamientos de orina se encontró una diferencia significativa en la motilidad y el crecimiento, así como ausencia de la porina OmpD en medio mínimo M9.Conclusiones. En el periodo de estudio, circuló en Colombia la variante monofásica de Salmonella Typhimurium relacionada con el clon europeo-español, y se registró ausencia total del operón fljAB. Los resultados evidenciaron cambios fenotípicos en los aislamientos provenientes de muestras de orina que sugieren adaptación en procesos invasivos.

P059 Corticosteroids, Aminosalicylates and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Are Associated With the Need of Hospitalization in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and COVID-19

BACKGROUND: Current evidence suggests that patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) do not have an increased risk of infection of SARS-CoV-2 or the development of COVID-19 complications. Recent data reinforce that poor outcomes in IBD patients are associated with active intestinal disease, comorbidities and older age. The effect of immunosuppressant medications on the severity of COVID-19 disease still unclear. Our aim was to describe the characteristics of patients with IBD with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 and to evaluate the association between clinical characteristics, IBD therapies and COVID-19 symptoms with the need of hospitalization in Brazil. METHODS: The Brazilian IBD Study Group (Grupo de Estudos da Doença Inflamatória Intestinal Brasileiro - GEDIIB) developed a 19-question online survey for IBD patients with confirmed COVID-19 assessing clinical characteristics, IBD treatment, medications used for COVID-19 as well as the need for hospital admission due to COVID-19. The national survey was available from June 4, 2020 to August 28, 2020. Data was exported and analyzed in SPSS Statistics 23 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, United States) and a two-tailed P value of 0.05 was used for statistical significance. RESULTS: Among 74 respondents: 32.9% patients were male, the mean age was 37.67 (±12.93) years and most participants (77,0%) had no comorbidities considered risk factors for severe COVID-19. Most participants had Crohn's disease (72.6%) and 46.4% reported IBD symptoms at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. Biologic therapies were the most common reported treatment (67.7%), 34% of them in combination with immunomodulators. The most common class of biologic medication utilized was TNF-antagonist (72.0%). Immunomodulators were the second most frequent IBD treatment (37.8%), followed by aminosalicylates (31.1%) and corticosteroids (28.4%). The proportion of IBD patients who stopped therapy during COVID-19 was 64.0% for biologics, 53,6% for immunomodulators and 9.5% for corticosteroids. Median duration of COVID-19 symptoms was 13.5 (8–20) days. Gastrointestinal symptoms attributable to COVID-19 were reported by 52.7% of participants and the most common symptom was diarrhea (92.3%). Clinical complications from COVID-19, defined as thromboembolic event, gastrointestinal bleeding, renal or cardiac disfunction and/or other unspecified complications, were reported by 21.6% of participants. Gastrointestinal bleeding was the most prevalent (43.8%) reported complication. Overall, 50% of participants visited the emergency room and 17.6% required hospitalization. The frequencies of aminosalicylates and corticosteroid therapy were significantly higher in patients requiring hospitalization (respectively, 61.5% vs 24.6%, P = 0.009 and 61.5% vs 21.3%, P = 0.003) while no significant differences were observed for biologics or immunomodulators. In hospitalized patients the symptoms of COVID-19 were longer (20 days, IC 18–21 vs 10 days, IC 5–15, P = 0,0001) and the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms attributable to COVID-19 was also higher (100% vs 42.6%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Corticosteroids, aminosalicylates, prolonged COVID-19 symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms related to COVID-19 are associated with the need of hospitalization in IBD patients with COVID-19.

P13 Una experiencia de trabajo con adultos mayores diabéticos y no diabéticos en tiempos de pandemia: el programa “Aprendiendo a vivir”

Introducción: la diabetes mellitus es una patología metabólica crónica con una alta frecuencia en los adultos mayores estimada en el 30% de esta etapa de la vida. Al ser una enfermedad sistémica afecta a todos los órganos y sistemas, especialmente el aparato cardiovascular, la visión, el riñón el sistema nervio tanto periférico como central. Su manejo depende de la participación activa de la persona afectada y su entorno para lo cual es fundamental la educación diabetológica y la participación en actividades que ayuden a mantener el estado físico al autocuidado. Desde hace 6 años se desarrolla el programa de extensión “Aprendiendo a Vivir” entre la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la UNC y la Fundación Grupo de Amigos de los Diabéticos de Villa Carlos Paz, con el fin de mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas adultas mayores (AM) con y sin diabetes.Objetivos: evaluar los efectos del programa “Aprendiendo a vivir” sobre la salud psicoafectiva de un grupo de adultos mayores durante el aislamiento impuesto por la pandemia del SARS-COV-2.Materiales y métodos: el grupo de participantes del programa “Aprendiendo a vivir” desarrolló dos sesiones semanales de actividad física adaptadas a los adultos mayores y dos actividades de estimulación psicológica mediante el uso de videoconferencias. Las sesiones de actividad física son de 60 minutos en las cuales, mediante el taekwon-do Harmony una forma adaptada a los AM, se trabaja todo el cuerpo, centrándose en la prevención de las caídas y fracturas, la orientación visoespacial, la memoria y la función cardiovascular. Durante las sesiones virtuales se realizan actividades psicológicas: una asociada a la actividad física y otra independiente, ambas con el fin de estimular la resiliencia. Las sesiones persiguieron el fin de acompañar en esta etapa a los AM. Se realizaron: un cuestionario de satisfacción vital (SWLS) para determinar la autopercepción de felicidad y un test reducido de Yesavage para evaluar los niveles de depresión (un puntaje de 5 o más sugiere depresión) a los participantes del programa “Aprendiendo a vivir” (n=14) y a un grupo control de adultos mayores de similares características socioeconómicas (n=46). La significancia de los resultados obtenidos se analizó mediante el test chi cuadrado (p=0,05).

A Guide to Understanding and Combatting Digital Capitalism

This article offers a general description of digital capitalism, understood as a system in which social and economic dynamics revolve around digital corporations and their infrastructures. The aim of this analysis is to help develop strategies to counteract capitalism. It takes an historical perspective, considering capitalism as an evolving system driven by a continuous flight from the law of diminishing returns. Fixed Capital and General Intellect are addressed as key analytical concepts for understanding the role of technology in capitalism, particularly in the digital era. Subjectivity formation is also a key element, as capitalism needs to progressively improve its strategies of ideological manipulation in order to survive. In the conclusion, I present five strategic principles to counteract digital capitalism. These strategies were developed in the Grupo de Estudios Críticos de Madrid (GEC-Madrid), an interdisciplinary group created in 2018 by the National Museum Reina Sofia (Spain) in order to coordinate the cycle “Six Contradictions and the End of the Present”, a series of lectures and workshops with internationally recognized scholars, followed by research seminars to discuss their ideas.

Credibility beyond compliance: Uncertified smallholders in sustainable food systems

This article examines the phenomenon of uncertified producers of otherwise certifiable organic food embedded in value chains whose farm products conform to elevated environmental standards. Having embraced so called “beyond organic” cultivation approaches—including agroecology, biodynamic, and permaculture—producers undertaking restorative ecological practices on their farms are certification worthy, in principle, while remaining either unwilling or unable to pay to upgrade to premium markets, in practice. Confronted with the trade-off between allocating scarce resources to compliance and credibility—producers creating collective public goods may do so at the expense of being able to signal the credibility of their actions as environmental stewards along value chains, as through private, third party certification schemes. Drawing on insights from multiple waves of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Nicaragua beginning in 2007, I show how this credibility dilemma exacerbates challenges already facing smallholders—including livelihood insecurity, political instability, and environmental degradation—demanding new institutional innovations that effectively lower the cost of credibility. In Nicaragua, peasant associations responded to this challenge by advancing an innovative institutional arrangement—the Grupo de Promocion de Agricultura Ecologica (GPAE) marca de confianza, Group for the Promotion of Ecological Agriculture's trademark of trust—to commercialize fresh produce destined for local consumption and new niche markets via networks of trusted producer communities.

Completeness of TB notification in Portugal, 2015: an inventory and capture-recapture study.

BACKGROUND: Despite the steady decline in the last few decades, Portugal remains the Western European country with the highest TB notification rates. The aim of this study was to estimate the completeness of notification to the National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) Surveillance System (SVIG-TB) in 2015.METHODS: We implemented an inventory study and a three-source log-linear capture-recapture analysis using two additional data sources that were deterministic and probabilistically linked: the national notifiable diseases surveillance system (Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Epidemiológica SINAVE) and the national hospital discharge database (Grupos de Diagnósticos Homogéneos GDH).RESULTS: We identified 2328 unique probable/confirmed TB cases across the three data sources. We found a positive dependency between SVIG-TB and SINAVE (incidence rate ratio IRR 8.9, 95%CI 6.6-12.0) and between GDH and SINAVE (IRR 2.6, 95%CI 2.0-3.4). After adjusting for these dependencies, we estimated that 266 cases (95%CI 198-358) were not reported, indicating a notification (to SVIG-TB) completeness rate of 77.0%.CONCLUSION: True incidence rate of TB in Portugal in 2015 could have been as high as 26.1 per 100 000. This could be an overestimation because of false-positive cases recorded in both SINAVE and GDH or on a smaller scale, false non-matches. Studies aimed at validating potentially false-positive cases should be implemented to address these limitations.

New routes in the study of Aviation and Aeronautical English

We begin this editorial inspired by the words of Santos Dumont, the Brazilian most illustrious aviator, “a flying poet, a dreaming and persevering designer, who through his creations made a difference to history, and who is therefore able to teach us lessons even today (BORGES, 2016, p. 01). Indeed, this project of an Aviation English[1] special edition began as a dream and took us a dose of perseverance to be accomplished. The idea was sparked two years ago, when we were launching the book of our research group GEIA[2], entitled Pesquisas sobre Inglês Aeronáutico no Brasil (SCARAMUCCI, TOSQUI-LUCKS, DAMIÃO, 2018), during the 5th GEIA Seminar, in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. At that moment, we wanted to gather research results from the dissertations and theses of GEIA[3]members, most of them written in Portuguese, since it is a policy of most Brazilian Federal and State Universities, at least in the area of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, that they are written in our national language. We felt fulfilled to share our findings with the aviation English community in Brazil, but it was about time to dream bigger and share our research results with the international community.[1] Some authors use Aviation English and Aeronautical English with capital letters, while others prefer aviation English and aeronautical English. We consider it just a stylistic choice.[2] GEIA stands for Grupo de Estudos em Inglês Aeronáutico (Aeronautical English Research Group), located at the Airspace Control Institute (ICEA), in Brazil, and validated by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico -CNPq) since 2013.[3] The publications of group members are constantly updated on our website: https://geia.icea.gov.br/geia/papers.php

Samba and Choro in the Classroom

This article examines how the performance of samba and choro becomes a process of student enculturation within a Brazilian formal educational context. Musical enculturation is defined as the process of gaining music skills and knowledge through immersion in the music making and music of one’s social environment. While the processes of enculturation involve both formal and informal education, this study primarily focuses upon the formal instruction at Colégio Pedro II (São Cristóvão), a federally funded public school in Rio de Janeiro. This research shows that samba and choro were selected by Colégio Pedro II music instructors as culturally important musical forms representative of Rio de Janeiro, historically excluded from formal, public education. The recent inclusion of samba and choro in formal education was made possible by progressive, post-1988, Brazilian educational legislation. I argue that the teaching of samba and choro in the school environment provides students with the necessary participatory skills to engage with the rich musical traditions of samba and choro that are pervasive in Rio de Janeiro as cultivated through the enculturative processes demonstrated at Colégio Pedro II (São Cristóvão) grupo de samba and grupo de choro.

Grupos de comunicación en España: madurez y profundas transformaciones en un final de ciclo

Los grupos de comunicación españoles han sufrido importantes transformaciones en los últimos cuarenta años. Las principales razones obedecen, sobre todo, a los fallidos intentos de integración vertical desarrollados en la década de los noventa, el escaso expertise en la industria televisiva y audiovisual, así como el elevado endeudamiento bancario. Una situación que se vio, además, agravada por la grave crisis económica sufrida en España entre 2007 y 2016, y, como es natural, por la adaptación al nuevo marco digital. En cualquier caso, parece claro que, al igual que está sucediendo en otros países desarrollados, estos grupos se encuentran en un momento de “madurez”, que puede llegar a comportar importantes transformaciones en el panorama mediático español. Este análisis apunta, a modo de prospectiva, la imposibilidad de que los tradicionales grupos de comunicación puedan seguir manteniendo en el futuro el mismo statu quo de estas últimas décadas. Para ello, desarrolla el análisis bajo un prisma diacrónico y plantea una visión de futuro que, probablemente, se manifieste en dos hechos relevantes: la casi totalidad de los viejos grupos anclados en la prensa tenderán a desaparecer, fragmentarse o integrarse en nuevas plataformas de medios; y el resto de grupos, cuyos “oficios de base” no provienen del mundo periodístico, se enfrentarán a una fuerte disputa por los contenidos, y competirán también con nuevos players, como las empresas de telefonía, las grandes empresas de internet y las plataformas de video on demand (VOD).

Frontiers of the green energy transition

Interview with Melisa Argento and Bruno Fornillo from the Research Group on Commons and Geopolitics (Grupo de Estudios Sobre Bienes Comunes y Geopolítica) at the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. They have investigated the expansion of the lithium frontier for well over a decade, and have published widely on a range of issues, including geopolitical movements, local resistance and technological aspects of battery production.

Docentes Formadores en clave metafórica: relatos en busca de palabras que expresan identidad

El presente trabajo se propone presentar una de las maneras en que la identidad profesional docente se expresa. A partir de las líneas de investigación propuestas por el GIEEC (Grupo de Investigación en Educación y Estudios Culturales, radicado en el CIMEd[1]), en el marco de una investigación que se proponía indagar en la configuración de la identidad profesional docente se realizaron lo largo de un año entrevistas biográficos narrativas a docentes formadores de futuros profesores que se desempeñan en la Facultad de Humanidades de la UNMdP. A lo largo de todas las entrevistas los protagonistas evidenciaron la necesidad de recurrir a la metáfora como recurso que les permitiera expresar ese ser/devenir docente formador. Los campos semánticos convergen y se entrelazan en tres nudos centrales: la docencia como viaje, la docencia como un juego y la docencia como performance y sensibilidad artística. Presentamos a continuación algunos aspectos que hacen a dicha investigación y la manera en que la metáfora emerge como parte esencial de esa trama identitaria [1] Centro de Investigaciones Multidisciplinares en Educación - Facultad de Humanidades - UNMdP

O Turismo em Espaços Rurais: Um Relato Sobre o Grupo de Pesquisa Ternopar

O Turismo em Espaços Rurais: Um Relato Sobre o Grupo de Pesquisa Ternopar

Investigación (auto)biográfica como acontecimiento: diálogos epistémico-metodológicos

El texto se centra en discusiones sobre el “mundo de vida” y sus interfaces con nociones conceptuales de experiencia y acontecimiento para el campo de la investigación (auto)biográfica, en la vertiente de investigación-formación. Disposiciones experienciales y formativas construidas en el contexto del Grupo de Investigación (Auto)biografía, Formación e Historia Oral (GRAFHO), en una dialéctica discursiva y textual me han permitido tematizar —con cierta digresión arqueológica— los modos como vida-formación-profesión se entrecruzan y desdoblan como una opción epistemológica y política de trabajo en el campo de la indagación (auto)biográfica. La idea de acontecimiento como discurso, como práctica y disposición (auto)biográfica se inscribe como potente para el análisis que será realizado en la medida en que buscaré situar acontecimientos-experiencias que posibilitan articular dimensiones sobre la vida y la formación; diálogos sobre escritura de si, narrativas y formación de profesores; prácticas de formación e investigación y, al fin, desafíos y aperturas epistemológicas de la investigación (auto)biográfica.

El docente universitario frente a las tensiones que le plantea la pandemia

Tras un breve lapso entre la detección del primer contagiado de Covid-19 en suelo nacional y la solicitud de las autoridades educativas mexicanas a las instituciones de educación superior de trasladar su docencia de los planteles universitarios a la Enseñanza Remota de Emergencia (ERE), los profesores universitarios enfrentaron serias complicaciones para diseñar, establecer y conducir esta nueva docencia. La vivencia de los académicos durante esta etapa es el foco de este texto y de un estudio desarrollado por el Grupo de Investigación sobre Educación Superior en Coyuntura (GIESuC). Los resultados dan cuenta de que los profesores encontraron múltiples dificultades logísticas, tecnológicas y materiales. Incrementaron sustancialmente la cantidad de horas de trabajo por curso, vieron un decremento en la frecuencia y calidad de la interacción con sus alumnos y, a pesar de ello, afirmaron estar confiados y alegres, aunque saturados de trabajo. Esta descripción servirá para la reflexión institucional sobre los caminos a seguir en la pospandemia y, presumiblemente, encontrar vías de solución al desgaste que los profesores tuvieron en la segunda mitad del semestre Primavera 2020.

Grupos de escritura, vínculos y afectividad en el nivel de posgrado

The objective of this work is to share an academic writing experience at the postgraduate level to bring to light the importance that peer groups and emotions play in the dissertation writing process. We consider that the bonds that are constructed in these groups improve academic writing since they offer emotional and academic support. Taking into account the problem of low graduation rates at the postgraduate level, we believe that a possible explanation is that academic work is mostly associated with an individual activity. We conclude that encouraging initiatives such as the writing groups equals to start thinking and embodying other academic trajectories, where experiences that celebrate and embrace peer work become a key component of new ways of becoming a researcher.