Group Of Phraseological Units Research Articles

Linguocultural aspect of phraseological units (Guanyongyu) in modern Chinese language

Abstract The relevance of this study is primarily due to the constant influence of extra-linguistic factors (cultural, historical, and technological) on intralinguistic ones (plan of expression, semantics) in the modern Chinese phraseological picture of the world. The purpose of this study was to identify the main linguocultural features of Guanyongyu through the study of lexico-semantic and stylistic relations. The methods used in this study included analytical-synthetic, lexico-semantic, pragmatic, linguocultural, and statistical analyses. The key features of the group of Chinese phraseological units called Guanyongyu were indicated in the study: preservation of the connection between semantic components and the integral meaning of the phraseological unit, active structural transformations, use in everyday speech, 3 (rarely 4) syllable structure, high metaphoricity, and imagery. The study identified the following groups of “habitual expressions”: with somatic components, with metaphorical components, specifically with a zoonimic or botanical basis, as well as with key mythological or literary nominations. The study also considered different groups of phraseological units by stylistic colouring: negative, neutral, and positive. The analysis of phraseological units that emerged after the COVID-19 crisis showed that they usually had negative (more rarely positive) connotations and demonstrated the dominance of collective values over individual values. The following were identified as the main linguocultural features: negative connotations, satirical ridicule, use of somatic and zoonimic components, metaphorical transfers, dominance of the collective over the individual, connection with Chinese mythology, and literary images. In a further scientific perspective, this study can be used for comparative analysis of phraseological pictures of the world of different countries and nationalities and consideration of the basis of conceptualization through the analysis of cognitive aspects embedded in phraseological units.

Стилеобразующая функция фразеологизмов в повести Г. И. Климовской «Онка»

The aim of the research is to identify the unique features of the style of an artistic text based on the analysis of phraseological units (PUs). The work is conducted in the context of the theory of regulativity developed within the communicative stylistics of a text, using the material of the novel “Onka” by G. I. Klimovskaya. The article focuses on the analysis and systematization of both common and occasional PUs, which play a role as regulatory means in the interpretive activities of the reader. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the first-time description and systematization of all PUs in the text of the novel “Onka” as regulatory means, the selection of which reflects the author’s individuality. This work serves as a stage in the research of the writer’s individual style. No previous studies have been conducted on analyzing the texts of this author in such a context. The analysis of the text resulted in the identification of two groups of PUs: common and individually-authored. It was established that at the pragmatic level of the text, conversational PUs (pragmemes) containing an expressive component most often dominate in terms of regulativity. Individually-authored PUs combine the functions of pragmemes and informemes, as they express emotion and contain cognitive information. At the informative-meaningful level of the text, the dominance of regulativity lies with complex-component phraseological units with significant meaning transformation, as well as phraseological units where lexical replacement leads to complete meaning transformation.

Динамічний розвиток української фразеології в умовах російсько-української війни

The article clarifies the reasons that became the impetus for the development of the latest Ukrainian vocabulary and phraseology, analyzes the scientific works of Ukrainian linguists on the relevant topic. The author conducts an excursion into the history of the development and functioning of phraseological units at various historical stages, finds out the sources of replenishment of the phraseological fund. Scientific intelligence provides an analysis of neolexics, the appearance of which is due to the events of the Russian-Ukrainian war: names that name enemies are indicated; the corpus of appeals regarding Ukrainian military personnel is outlined; Neolexems were analyzed according to the method of word formation; military vocabulary (colloquial, jargon) was developed by thematic groups. The neo-phraseology that functions in the modern Ukrainian cultural environment is also analyzed: the instability of the terminological apparatus in relation to the latest phraseology is clarified; features that are characteristic of neo-phraseologisms are determined; groups of phraseological units are outlined according to the group by origin; a specific example demonstrates the phraseologisation of the statement; the function of using obscene vocabulary as a component of phraseology and the naturalness of this phenomenon in the conditions of the war period are clarified.

КОМПАРАТИВНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЗМІВ З АНІМАЛІСТИЧНИМ КОМПОНЕНТОМ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ТА НІМЕЦЬКІЙ МОВАХ (ПЕРЕКЛАДАЦЬКИЙ АСПЕКТ)

In the proposed study, phraseological units with an animalistic component (PhAK) based on the Ukrainian and German languages were analyzed. It has been established that the specified language layer is widely represented in the Ukrainian and German languages and represents the linguistic picture of the world of these peoples. The role of animalisms (zoonyms) in the formation of the linguistic picture of the world is determined by the natural environment, features of socio-historical development and culture. On the basis of the conducted comparative analysis, it was established that the most used zoonyms in the group of phraseological units in the Ukrainian and German languages are animals with which a person has the most contact in everyday life – these are domestic and domestic animals, and for both cultures these animals are almost identical, which is explained similar natural conditions (climate, temperature regime, etc.), common features of household management. However, not all animals in the PhAK in the two languages are equally endowed with positive and negative traits, which we explain by the discrepancy in the levels of socio-economic development and the way of perceiving the surrounding world in the Slavic and Old Germanic worldviews. We see the practical significance of the research in the use of data in the process of practical teaching of German as a second foreign language, as well as in translation from one language to another.

English Phraseological Units Denoting Deception (cognitive aspect)

Being a complicated interweaving of intentional, cognitive, and moral aspects, deception accompanies human communication and is realized in it. Deception as a concept is a component of the conceptual picture of the world and linguistic, in particular, phraseological means of objectification of this concept create a linguistic picture of the world. The relevance of the research subject is determined by the great significance of the concept of DECEPTION, objectified by the analyzed phraseological units for the English-speaking community, by the correspondence to the major directions of modern linguistic research, and by the need to identify the cognitive basis of phraseological units denoting deception for the reconstruction of conceptual and linguistic picture of the world. The article considers a cognitive aspect of the analysis of phraseological units denoting deception. The core of the phraseological units denoting deception was systematized and the specificity of phraseological units denoting deception in the cognitive aspect was defined. The analysis of the phraseological units representing the concept of DECEPTION is presented in the form of a frame consisting of slots, subslots, and components. First of all, we tried to analyze and differentiate the concept (meaning) of deception. To indicate the concept of deception a model of cognitive-semantic analysis of phraseological units which can be used in the study of other groups of phraseological units was proposed and substantiated. The object of the study is English phraseological units denoting deception selected by the method of continuous sampling. The subject of the study is the cognitive characteristics of phraseological units denoting deception. The purpose set also considered the task to denote cognitive features of the concept of deception being represented by the phraseological units and denote the connection between the conceptual sphere of DECEPTION and other spheres that correspond to the concept chosen.

LEKSEMA ORUŽJE U GRČKIM I ALBANSKIM FRAZEOLOGIZMIMA S OSVRTOM NA SRPSKE (prilog međubalkanskom frazeološkom proučavanju)

Mutual relations among idioms with the constituent arms in three modern Balkan languages have been analysed through morphological-semantical contrasting, primarily through the analysis of Greek and Albanian, and the extended one, with a view to the Serbian language. With regard to the direction, each of the aforementioned languages has been treated both as the source, and as the target ones. At the same time, their classification into appropriate groups of phraseological units has been carried out based on the degree of the formal-struc- tural and semantic concordance. The research corpus is limited to constructions with the mentioned component (which can be treated as a terminological unit), primarily by noun idioms and paremias, but also by verb idioms, since it deals with structures wherein this component has the most frequent use in all three languages. In this paper, we have likewise sought to indicate the complementarity, semantic nuances of such phraseologi- cal and proverbial structures, but also their differences, as well as to provide an overview of the analysis that reveals whether inter-lingual, inter-lexical and/or inter-phraseological conver- gence prevails between them, and to what extent we can speak about the complementary metaphoric concept they express.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ АНГЛИЙСКИХ, РУССКИХ И АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКИХ ФИТОНИМИЧЕСКИХ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ

There is a close link between culture and language. Phraseological units reflect the world view of definite nation, and the idioms with phytonyms make one of the biggest groups of phraseological units. Plants are an inseparable part of human life. They are used for making food, clothes and shelter; moreover, they play an important role in understanding of religious, symbolic, aesthetic components of culture. The article discusses the frequency of use of various phytonyms in English, Russian an Azerbaijan languages. Some idioms with phytonyms have the precise equivalents which lexical, grammatical and semantical structure coincide in these three languages, but most of such kind of idioms lack the precise equivalents, and while translating the most important thing is to preserve their semantics, expressiveness and imagery. The article also provides information about the origin of some of the idiomatic expressions with phytonyms. Key words: idioms, plants, culture, phytonyms, frequency of use of phytonyms, origin of idiomatical expressions with phytonyms

Рortuguese phraseological units containing food names

The article discusses the semantics of the phraseological units of the Portuguese language, which have a component from the thematic group “food”. The relevance of studying this group of phraseological units, which until now has not been the subject of a separate research in Russian Portuguese studies, is due to the fact that food, for natural reasons, is an important part of the cultural code of the people, the clue of which, in turn, is hidden in the national language. The research methodology meets the goal of conducting a comprehensive analysis of the semantics of phraseological units; in this regard the work uses the methods of lexical-semantic, component, quantitative and comparative analysis, the method of linguistic description in combination with cultural commentaries. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that for the Portuguese-speaking peoples, the culinary sphere has become a source of a large number of phraseological units, the semantic features of which reveal the specifics of the linguistic picture of the world of the native speakers. The division of the studied phraseological units into phraseosemantic groups showed that the largest number of phraseological units is associated with a description of a person (his appearance, character) and his behavior and actions. The study of the ways of the formation of phraseological units with the component “food” gave rise to the selection of eight groups. Among the phraseological units studied in the work, three different types of phraseological variance were identified and described, as well as features of phraseological synonymy, antonymy, and homonymy. In addition, examples of phraseological derivation and polysemy were identified and described.

Representation of the concept “money” in phraseological units of the Finnish and Erzia languages

Introduction. The article examines the ways of representing the concept of “money” on the material of phraseological units of the Finnish and Erzia languages in a comparative aspect. It employs the model of conceptual analysis, which is based on the comparison of phraseological units of two distant languages. The purpose of the article is to identify the linguistic means of expression of the concept “money” on the material of phraseological units of each of the required language, and find out how the concept of “money” is represented in the linguistic, cognitive and cultural space of the nations. The study of phraseological fund of languages from the point of view of the representation of a concept is of great importance in linguistics. Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, the article uses descriptive and comparative methods, a method of conceptual analysis developed independently in the course of the study, as well as techniques of component and etymological analysis. The actual material is obtained as a result of using the method of continuous sampling from phraseological dictionaries of the Finnish and Erzia languages. Results and Discussion. This study has allowed to identify the phraseological units that most accurately reflects the concept “money” in the Finnish and Erzia languages; select the frequency of duplicate tokens and spend a lexical analysis of their dictionary definitions; to make their own model of concept analysis to explore the identified language material taking into account semantic basis, and to submit to the lexical-semantic classification of phraseological units based on the material of the Finnish and Erzia languages. Conclusion. During the study, 62 Finnish and 35 Erzya phraseological units were identified and analyzed, 17 most frequently occurring nuclear lexemes were identified, which allowed us to conclude that the concept of “money” is similar in the minds of the Finnish and Erzia peoples. As a result of the analysis, a classification was made based on the lexical and semantic feature, including 7 groups of phraseological units.

Phraseological units as means of expressing the emotivity in the Tatar language

Systematization and description of the arsenal of linguistic means of expressing emotions represent one of the major tasks for linguistics that returns nowadays to the theory of Wilhelm von Humboldt, which in the early XIXth century appealed to study the language in close connection with individual speakers. A logical interest of the researchers to the processes of manifestation of emotions in the language has resulted in the formation of a new scientific field – linguistics of emotions aimed at the emotional environment of the language. In the Tatar language human emotions are verbalized mostly by the phraseological units representing various mental states of a person, one’s inner world. Studying means of expressing emotive vocabulary illustrated by the phraseological units provides an opportunity to present the whole complex of means of the language and the speech, as well as contribute to understanding the mentality and psychology of a Tatar language person. This article covers the Tatar phraseological units expressing negative connotation. The theme group “anger” represents the object of research. The authors have studied the emotional and appraisal semantics of the given group of phraseological units and attempted the revealing the specificity of the way of thinking and the worldview of the Tatar people. The analysis revealed that the phraseological units of the studied group are characterized by a great diversity of lexical, semantic, emotional and appraisal aspects. The emotional and appraisal volume of the phraseological units varies depending on the emotional state of the speaker and on his attitude to the addressee. Cultural and connotative semantics of the phraseological units is closely connected to the Tatar people’s worldview which has formed and has been enriched throughout the life experience.

PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AS A MEANS OF ATTRACTION OF ENGLISH NEWSPAPER HEADLINES

The article is devoted to the study of the role of phraseological units in English newspaper headlines. The aim of the work is to study and analyze pragmatic functions of phraseological units in the headlines of modern British and American newspaper articles. The notion of phraseological unit is revealed and its features are defined. The subject of the study is 185 phraseological units belonging to three groups, namely: phraseological units with a component related to the field of colour, music and weather. The research material includes 9,200 headlines of English newspapers, dated 2014-2018 and selected from the Questia Online Library. Using the method of continuous sampling, we selected phraseological units from the dictionaries The Oxford Dictionary of Idioms, Dictionary of English Idioms & Phrases and McGraw-Hill’s Essential American Idioms Dictionary. In addition, the frequency of use of phraseological units of the three groups in the headlines of British and American discourses was studied and analyzed. The study found that the most common of the three groups was the group of phraseological units with a component related to the field of colour. The second most common is the group of phraseological units with a component related to the field of music, and the least numerous is the group of phraseological units with a component related to the field of weather. In addition, it was determined what phraseological units are the most common in English newspaper headlines and which ones are the least common.

ПРАГМАТИЧНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ АВТОРСЬКИХ ТА ТРАНСФОРМОВАНИХ ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЗМІВ У ТВОРІ КАРЛОСА РУЇСА САФОНА «В’ЯЗЕНЬ НЕБА»

The article is devoted to the study of pragmatic aspects of the use of phraseology in the textual space of Carlos Ruiz Safón’s novel «Prisoner of Heaven». One of the defining features of the individual style of this well-known modern Spanish writer is the metaphoricity and figuration of aristic expression, the saturation of the text with phraseological units that play a significant role in creating a pragmatic charge of the work of art. Along with general linguistic phraseological units, which include commonly-used vocabulary, the author uses dialectal and authorial phraseological units, which is a feature of his individual style. All three designated groups of phraseological units mostly reflect the negative psychophysical and emotional state of the characters. The author uses dialectal, individually-authorial and modified phraseological units, which is a feature of his individual style. It is determined that transformation is one of the most productive and most effective ways to update linguistic means in works of art. Author’s modification of FU leads to a change in the semantics and structure of expression, gives it a more expressive or emotional coloring. Transformed phraseology is limited to individual usage and is subject to the context of the work. Modified FUs in the Zafón’s artistic space acquire certain aesthetic and artistic qualities. Their modification is mainly to create the desired stylistic effect – to achieve emotional or expressive expression, which increases the reader’s interest, focuses on the content, issues of the work, as well as reveals the potential expressive potential of the Spanish language. In the transformed FUs, not just a new meaning is traced, but a combination of the well-known and the occasional. The unique combination of different types of phraseological units in the novel is considered a manifestation of individual style and makes a representation of the individually-authorial linguistic picture of the world more expressive.

Linguo-stylistic aspect of the study of phraseological units in “Anne of Green Gables” by Lucy-Maud Montgomery

The results of the linguo-stylistic analysis of the phraseological units singled out from Lucy-Maud Montgomery's novel “Anne of Green Gables” are highlighted in the study. It is outlined that phraseology is part of the culture of the people, and therefore, without proper knowledge and understanding of certain phraseological units it is very difficult to understand the national character, way of thinking of native speakers or the intention of the author of the literary work. Due to the constant development and enrichment of the language with new stable expressions, as well as their widespread use in fiction, there is a constant need to study the linguistic phenomenon analyzed in the article. It is noted that phraseological units are stable combinations of two or more words that create semantic integrity and are reproduced in the process of speech as ready-made verbal formulas. Lucy Maude Montgomery’s novel “Anne of Green Gables” was exploited for the study. The linguo-stylistic analysis of the phraseological units from Lucy-Maud Montgomery’s novel under scrutiny demonstrated that the most numerous and frequently used were groups of idioms, social expressions and figurative expressions. The least recurrent in the analyzed work were scientific and technical expressions, official business formulas and statements, as well as proverbs, which was explained by Lucy-Maud Montgomery’s idiostyle and limited use of these groups of phraseological units in fiction depicting the lives of ordinary people.

Сопоставительный анализ устойчивых выражений с зоонимичным компонентом «собака» в английском и казахском языках

The article focuses on to conduct a comparative analysis of English and Kazakh phraseological units nominating the image of a dog. The purpose of this study is to consider the national and cultural specifics, reflected in the stable expressions of the English and Kazakh languages with the "dog" component. The article provides a brief overview of works related to the issues of phraseology in English and Kazakh. The work was based on general scientific methods: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis. The work with the collected card index of stable expressions was carried out by the method of continuous sampling, using the descriptive-analytical method. An important place in the work with the material was given to the methods of definitional, contextual and typological analysis. Using the comparative-comparative method, national-specific and universal features of zoonyms in English and Kazakh languages were determined. The material of the research was a card index of phraseological units of the English and Kazakh languages (more than 160 units) which were selected using the method of continuous sampling from phraseological dictionaries of the English and Kazakh languages. When analyzing the authors of the article relied on materials from phraseological dictionaries in English and Kazakh languages. In the course of the analysis, groups of phraseological units were identified and their differences and similarities in the compared languages were identified, as well as their national and cultural specificity, based on the action of universal cultural codes; the national and cultural specificity of zoonyms is determined by a number of extralinguistic factors: the location of the country, the living conditions of the people, their customs and traditions, history, religion and socio-political structure. All this secures national-specific connotation to zoonyms and determines their productivity. The results of the study showed that through the prism of axiology, an analysis of English and Kazakh stable combinations with the "dog" component, reflecting the paradigm of values (general cultural and national-cultural) and anti-values of the corresponding ethnic communities, was presented, as well as universal values representing at the intercultural level. The results of the study showed that through the prism of axiology, the analysis reflects the paradigm of values (general cultural and national-cultural) and anti-values of the corresponding ethnic communities. The research results have both theoretical and practical significance; it will be additional material for elective courses on the subject of "Lexicology" taught at the faculties of philology and foreign languages in higher educational institutions.

NAMES OF CLOTHING AND JEWELRY IN THE COMPOSITION OF KARACHAY-BALKAR PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS

This article deals with one of the topical problems of the lexicology of the Karachay-Balkar language. It presents various characteristics of phraseological units that include names of clothing and jewelry, and shows their structural and functional-semantic specifics. It is revealed that this group of phraseological units includes about 80 units. It is established that they are generally ethnoculturally marked and reflect an important segment of the Karachay-Balkar language picture of the world.

A Cognitive Linguistic Study of Comparative Set Phrases in Russian and Swedish

This paper examines the linguistic-cognitive potential of comparative set phrases based on the material of two languages. The originality of the study lies in the consideration of two groups of phraseological units (fixed comparisons and paremias that explicitly or implicitly verbalize comparisons) and the identification of similarities and differences both between these groups in each language and individually between Russian and Swedish. The object of study was Russian and Swedish fixed comparisons characterizing a smart and stupid person, as well as comparative paremia, expressing the opposition ‘intelligencestupidity’. The aim of the study was to identify common and culturally conditioned mental attitudes and standards of comparison. The sources of material for study included dictionaries of Russian fixed comparisons, Vladimir Dal’s collection of proverbs, a phraseological dictionary of the Swedish language and dictionaries of Swedish proverbs. A thematic classification is offered of the standards of fixed comparisons with the bases ‘stupid’ and ‘smart’ in both languages. Structural models of the paremias of the thematic group ‘intelligence-stupidity’, expressing a comparison in both languages, are highlighted; mental attitudes verbalized by these units are described. The study found that the Russian language has a closer relationship between units within set comparisons and comparative paremias than in Swedish. In both languages, zoonyms are the predominant thematic group of standards. The differences include the presence in the Russian units of standards related to the household sphere and mythologems. Swedish comparative paremias are structurally different from Russian ones. While Russian paremias express the ideas that an excessively direct and simple person is stupid; a stupid person is like a child; and it is useless to teach a person stupid by nature, Swedish units offer a logical and philosophical comparison of intelligence and stupidity. The culture-specific components of Russian paremias include a large body of household vocabulary while words denoting old measures of weight serve the same function in Swedish.

English Nouns’ Valency in Terms of Phraseology

This article deals with the analysis of the noun used in the English phraseology as it has the highest phraseological activity. The subject of special attention is a study of phraseological units with a phytonym component. The group of phraseological units with a phytonym component is the most frequently used one. Some phytonyms demonstrate unusual cultural connotations typical to this language. The importance of the plant world for people and the fact that they make analogies between humans and plants are reflected in the language. Results indicate that the choice of the properties of a particular plant as a prototype for re-interpretation is due to several reasons: on the one hand, the peculiarities of the human thinking process, which leads to the formation of similar images in different cultures; on the other hand, this choice depends on the cultural and historical development of the country, its geographical location and political structure.

МИЛЛИЙ-МАДАНИЙВА ТАРИХИЙ ҚАДРИЯТЛАР ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЯ ВА ПАРЕМИОЛОГИЯДА (Инглизваўзбектилларимисолида)

The article deals with national mentality, cultural and historical values expressed in the semantics of English and Uzbek phraseological units. In both languages, there were revealed several groups of phraseological units that reflect nation’s national-cultural, historical as well as social attitudes. Excepted cases are also included. With the help of comparative analysis the author found out similarities and differences in such units due to national-cultural specifics of both analyzed languages.Theoretical part of the article is proved by numerous examples of English and Uzbek phraseological units

РУСИНСКАЯ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЯ КАК ПРИМЕР КУЛЬТУРНО-ЯЗЫКОВОГО ТРАНСФЕРА В СЛАВЯНСКИХ ЯЗЫКАХ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ НУМЕРАТИВНЫХ ЕДИНИЦ)

The paper analyses Rusin phraseological units with a number as their component, which were continuously sampled from lexicographic collections (dictionaries), such as The Rusin-Ukrainian-Russian and Russian-Ukrainian-Rusin Dictionary by D. Pop, The Rusin-Russian Dictionary by I. Kercha, as well as Ukrainian and Russian proverb dictionaries. The sampled phraseological units are distributed into groups depending on the core component – the numeral – and set against the background of a number of examples from Slavic languages. The phraseological units analysed in the paper are for the most part based on the symbolic semantics of numbers, reflecting popular beliefs, Christian faith, and mythopoetic numerology. Rusin phraseological units with numeral odin (‘one’) prevail in terms of quantity, which reflects the general tendency of Slavic phraseology. Relatively numerous are the groups of phraseological units with numerals dva (‘two’) and tri (‘three’). Other numerals are represented in Rusin phraseology to a lesser extent. This paper shows that the Rusin language is an example of a cultural and language transfer, since it was influenced by various languages due to a wide geographical “spread” in Europe. The identification of the national specificity against the background of a universal component helps to objectively and thoroughly reveal the linguistic and cultural potential of both Rusin and closely related Ukrainian and Russian paremiologies.

ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМЫ-КОНСТРУКЦИИ НОВОГРЕЧЕСКОГО ЯЗЫКА В АСПЕКТЕ ЛЕКСИКО-СИНТАКСИЧЕСКОГО КОНТИНУУМА

This paper explores the class of constructional phrasemes in Modern Greek and seeks to determine the position of different types of Modern Greek constructional phrasemes on the syntax-lexicon continuum. Constructional phrasemes constitute syntactically autonomous utterances with an idiomatic fixed component and a non-idiomatic variable one, and as partially productive schemas occupy on the syntax-lexicon continuum the place between phraseology and syntax. As is demonstrated in this paper, constructional phrasemes, which have been included in phraseological classifications relatively recently, do not constitute a homogeneous group of phraseological units. There is evidence to suggest that constructional phrasemes whose fixed component consists solely of function words and/or pronouns are closer to the grammatical pole of the continuum, while constructional phrasemes with content words in their fixed component are more towards the lexical pole of the continuum. Constructional phrasemes with semantically bleached content words in their fixed component occupy the intermediate district between the first and the second types of phrasemes. As is demonstrated in this study, the key factor for locating constructional phrasemes on the syntax-lexicon continuum is the nature and the imagery potential of the elements that form their fixed component.