Group SU Research Articles

Single-use versus reusable ancillaries for dual mobility cup in total hip replacement. A prospective randomized short-term safety and feasibility comparison

BackgroundSingle-use (SU) ancillaries for cup preparation in total hip arthroplasty (THR) aim to reduce the costs of hip replacement surgery. These devices have been recently introduced, but their safety and feasibility have not been studied. Therefore, we performed a prospective randomized study aiming to assess the impact in our department of using these SU ancillaries versus standard reusable ancillaries for dual mobility THR regarding 1) the cost, 2) operative time, 3) quality of primary fixation. HypothesisWe hypothesized that the use of SU ancillaries for acetabular preparation would reduce maintenance costs, and so optimise the operating procedure, reduce the overall cost of surgery, save time, while maintaining the same quality of prosthesis fitting. MethodWe conducted a randomised, controlled, open-label, two-arm, single-centre, prospective therapeutic trial with a medico-economic objective. Inclusions were made prospectively from patients hospitalised and surgically managed in our department for arthrosis over 18 years old treated with dual mobility THR. ResultsIn the current study, 18/20 (90%) of the cases required the use of one SU reamer when using SU ancillaries. Only two cases (10%) required a second SU reamer (without SU failure regarding the acetabular implant) because there was too much subchondral bone left and not enough cancellous bone allowing correct cup fitting. We also found that the test implant supplied in the SU kit had a less secure press-fit than the reusable metal test implants. There was one of primary press-fit failure in the SU group requiring a different cup with additional screws. The estimated cost to the supplier per procedure was 20,105 euros using single-use reamers versus 26,666 euros using conventional ancillary kits, a saving of 6561 euros (p<0.001). For the healthcare institution, the median price per intervention on the differentiating points was 2648 euros versus 2580 euros, with no significant difference (p=0.297). The results show an average societal cost of 52,199 euros using single-use and 53,572 euros using reusable ancillary equipment, with a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.003). The average cost of Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW) disposal in the SU group was 5.2 euros per intervention against 5.1 euros in the RU group, without significant difference (p=0.910). We found a similar result for the cost of disposal of non-HCRW waste per procedure: 0.37 euros in the SU group versus 0.34 in the RU group, without significant difference (p=0.345). ConclusionSU ancillaries significantly reduce the table set up time and have the potential to facilitate time and cost savings but further research is needed in this direction. Our study shows that the daily workload, operating times, and the number of boxes of instruments to be sterilised are decreased. The associated environmental gain is significant. Nevertheless, the economic promise of these SU ancillaries is only partially supported in this trial owing to the small number of patients. Further work will be needed to obtain a more powerful medico-economic assessment of this promising ancillary product. Level of evidenceII; prospective randomized study.

Trinification from E6 symmetry breaking

In the context of E6 Grand Unified Theories (GUTs), an intriguing possibility for symmetry breaking to the Standard Model (SM) group involves an intermediate stage characterized by either SU(3) × SU(3) × SU(3) (trinification) or SU(6) × SU(2). The more common choices of SU(5) and SO(10) GUT symmetry groups do not offer such breaking chains. We argue that the presence of a real (rank 2 tensor) representation 650 of E6 in the scalar sector is the minimal and likely only reasonable possibility to obtain one of the novel intermediate stages. We analyze the renormalizable scalar potential of a single copy of the 650 and find vacuum solutions that support regularly embedded subgroups SU(3) × SU(3) × SU(3), SU(6) × SU(2), and SO(10) × U(1), as well as specially embedded subgroups F4 and SU(3) × G2 that do not contain the SM gauge symmetry. We show that for a suitable choice of parameters, each of the regular cases can be obtained as the lowest among the analyzed minima in the potential.

Can we predict critical care mortality with non-conventional inflammatory markers in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients?

Severe COVID-19 disease is associated with multiple organ involvement,then failure and often fatal outcomes.In addition,inflammatory mechanisms and cytokine storms,documented in many COVID-19 patients,are responsible for the progression of the disease and high mortality rates.Inflammatory parameters,such as procalcitonin(PCT) and C-reactive protein(CRP), are widely used in clinical practice. To evaluate the predictive power of non-conventional inflammatory markers regarding mortality risk. In our prospective study 52 patients were followed for 5 days after admission to an intensive care unit immediately with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.We compared leukocyte-,platelet antisedimentation rate (LAR, PAR),neutrophil lymphocyte ratio(NLR), CRP, PCT levels. In non-surviving(NSU) patients LAR remained largely constant from D1 to D4 with a statistically significant drop(p < 0.05) only seen on D5.The NSU group showed statistically significant(p < 0.05) elevated LAR medians on D4 and D5, compared to the SU group.NLR values were continually higher in the non-survivor group.The difference between the SU and NSU groups were statistically significant on every examined day.PAR, CRP and PCT levels didn't show any significant differences between the SU and NSU groups. In conclusion, this study suggests that LAR and NLR are especially worthy of further investigation as prognostic markers.LAR might be of particular relevance as it is not routinely obtained in current clinical practice.It would seem beneficial to include LAR in data sets to train prognostic artificial intelligence.

Radial oscillations in neutron stars with delta baryons

We investigate the effect of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ baryons on the radial oscillations of neutron and hyperon stars, employing a density-dependent relativistic mean-field model. The spin-$3/2$ baryons are described by the Rarita-Schwinger Lagrangian density. The baryon-meson coupling constants for the spin-$3/2$ decuplet and the spin-$1/2$ baryonic octet are calculated using a unified approach relying on the fact that the Yukawa couplings present in the Lagrangian density of the mean-field models must be invariant under the SU(3) and SU(6) group transformations. We calculate the 20 lowest eigenfrequencies and corresponding oscillation functions of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$-inclusive nuclear ($\mathrm{N}+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$) and hyperonic matter ($\mathrm{N}+\mathrm{H}+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$) by solving the Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem and also verifying its validity. We see that the lowest mode frequencies for $\mathrm{N}+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ and $\mathrm{N}+\mathrm{H}$ EoSs are higher as compared to the pure nucleonic matter because of the deltas and hyperons present. Furthermore, the separation between consecutive modes increases with the addition of hyperons and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$s.

Defect correlators in a mathcal{N} = 2 SCFT at strong coupling

We study the correlation function between one single-trace scalar operator and a circular Wilson loop in the 4d mathcal{N} = 2 superconformal field theory with gauge group SU(N) and matter transforming in the symmetric and anti-symmetric representations. By exploiting supersymmetric localization, we resum the perturbative expansion of this correlator in the large-N ’t Hooft limit. Furthermore, using both analytical and numerical techniques, we provide a prediction for the leading term of its strong coupling expansion and we compare this prediction to numerical Padé resummations of the perturbative series.

An asymptotic formula for the number of $n$-dimensional representations of SU(3)

We prove an asymptotic formula for the number of n -dimensional representations of the group SU(3) Main tools for the proof are Wright’s circle method and the saddle point method.

Emergent N=4 Supersymmetry from N=1.

We discover a four-dimensional N=1 supersymmetric field theory that is dual to the N=4 super Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(2n+1) for each n. The dual theory is constructed through the diagonal gauging of the SU(2n+1) flavor symmetry of three copies of a strongly coupled superconformal field theory (SCFT) of Argyres-Douglas type. We find that this theory flows in the infrared to a strongly coupled N=1 SCFT that lies on the same conformal manifold as N=4 super Yang-Mills with gauge group SU(2n+1). Our construction provides a hint on why certain N=1, 2 SCFTs have identical central charges (a=c).

$${\hat{Z}}$$-Invariant for SO(3) and OSp(1|2) Groups

Three-manifold invariants $${\hat{Z}}$$ (“Z-hat”), also known as homological blocks, are q-series with integer coefficients. Explicit q-series form for $${\hat{Z}}$$ is known for SU(2) group, supergroup SU(2|1) and orthosymplectic supergroup OSp(2|2). We focus on $${\hat{Z}}$$ for SO(3) group and orthosymplectic supergroup OSp(1|2) in this paper. Particularly, the change of variable relating SU(2) link invariants to the SO(3) and OSp(1|2) link invariants plays a crucial role in explicitly writing the q-series.

A Novel Gene List Identifies Tumors with a Stromal-Mesenchymal Phenotype and Worse Prognosis in Gastric Cancer.

Molecular biomarkers that predict disease progression can help identify tumor subtypes and shape treatment plans. In this study, we aimed to identify robust biomarkers of prognosis in gastric cancer based on transcriptomic data obtained from primary gastric tumors. Microarray, RNA sequencing, and single-cell RNA sequencing-based gene expression data from gastric tumors were obtained from public databases. Freshly frozen gastric tumors (n = 42) and matched FFPE (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded) (n = 40) tissues from a Turkish gastric cancer cohort were used for quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry-based assessments of gene expression, respectively. A novel list of 20 prognostic genes was identified and used for the classification of gastric tumors into two major tumor subgroups with differential stromal gene expression ("Stromal-UP" (SU) and "Stromal-DOWN" (SD)). The SU group had a more mesenchymal profile with an enrichment of extracellular matrix-related gene sets and a poor prognosis compared to the SD group. Expression of the genes within the signature correlated with the expression of mesenchymal markers ex vivo. A higher stromal content in FFPE tissues was associated with shorter overall survival. A stroma-rich, mesenchymal subgroup among gastric tumors identifies an unfavorable clinical outcome in all cohorts tested.

Geometry of SU(3)-character varieties of torus knots

We describe the geometry of the character variety of representations of the knot group Γm,n=〈x,y|xn=ym〉 into the group SU(3), by stratifying the character variety into strata corresponding to totally reducible representations, representations decomposing into a 2-dimensional and a 1-dimensional representation, and irreducible representations, the latter of two types depending on whether the matrices have distinct eigenvalues, or one of the matrices has one eigenvalue of multiplicity 2. We describe how the closure of each stratum meets lower strata, and use this to compute the compactly supported Euler characteristic, and to prove that the inclusion of the character variety for SU(3) into the character variety for SL(3,C) is a homotopy equivalence.

Free energy on the sphere for non-abelian gauge theories

We compute the Sd partition function of the fixed point of non-abelian gauge theories in continuous d, using the ϵ-expansion around d = 4. We illustrate in detail the technical aspects of the calculation, including all the factors arising from the gauge-fixing procedure, and the method to deal with the zero-modes of the ghosts. We obtain the result up to NLO, i.e. including two-loop vacuum diagrams. Depending on the sign of the one-loop beta function, there is a fixed point with real gauge coupling in d > 4 or d < 4. In the first case we extrapolate to d = 5 to test a recently proposed construction of the UV fixed point of 5d SU(2) Yang-Mills via a susy-breaking deformation of the E1 SCFT. We find that the F theorem allows the proposed RG flow. In the second case we extrapolate to d = 3 to test whether QCD3 with gauge group SU(nc) and nf fundamental matter fields flows to a CFT or to a symmetry-breaking case. We find that within the regime with a real gauge coupling near d = 4 the CFT phase is always favored. For lower values of nf we compare the average of F between the two complex fixed points with its value at the symmetry-breaking phase to give an upper bound of the critical value {n}_f^{ast } below which the symmetry-breaking phase takes over.

MP61-09 PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL COMPARING SUPRAUMBILICAL VERSUS TRANSUMBILICAL CAMERA PORT IN ROBOTIC ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC PROSTATECTOMY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP61-09 PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL COMPARING SUPRAUMBILICAL VERSUS TRANSUMBILICAL CAMERA PORT IN ROBOTIC ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC PROSTATECTOMY Ryuta Tanimoto, Shota Inoue, Yuho Sano, Satoko Kamada, Kenji Sugino, and Katsumi Sasaki Ryuta TanimotoRyuta Tanimoto More articles by this author , Shota InoueShota Inoue More articles by this author , Yuho SanoYuho Sano More articles by this author , Satoko KamadaSatoko Kamada More articles by this author , Kenji SuginoKenji Sugino More articles by this author , and Katsumi SasakiKatsumi Sasaki More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003319.09AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Supraumbilical camera port (SU) has generally been used in robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). Transumbilical camera port (TU) may have cosmetic advantages. In this study, we compared the patient-reported outcomes including cosmetic outcomes, postoperative pain and QOL. METHODS: This study was registered with UMIN-Clinical Trials Registry (protocol ID: UMIN000035259). Between January 2019 and February 2022, 98 patients with localized prostate cancer were enrolled in this study and randomized to SU and TU group (n=50, 48, respectively) based on prostate volume, Gleason score and BMI. In SU group, camera port was inserted through a 12 mm midline incision at 2 cm above umbilicus with Veress needle access, and in TU group, through the umbilicus with Hasson open technique. Body image questionnaire (BIQ), cosmetic scale (CS) on postoperative day (POD) 7, pain score (numeric rating scale; NRS) on POD 1 and 7 and QOL questions (MOS 36 Item short form health survey; SF-36) in postoperative month 3 were collected and compared between the groups. RESULTS: Demographic data and clinical outcomes were comparable between both groups. BIQ (8-44: 8-least satisfied, 44-most satisfied; median, SU vs. TU, 33 vs. 35, p = 0.2254) and Cosmetic Score (2-24: 2-least satisfied, 24-most satisfied; median, SU vs. TU, 17 vs. 18, p = 0.2743) were similar in both groups. NRS on POD 1 (0-10: 0-no pain, 10-worst pain; median (IQR), SU vs. TU, 3 (2 - 4) vs. 3 (2.25 - 5), p=0.0165) was significantly worse in the TU group (Figure. 1), but NRS on POD 7 (median (IQR), SU vs. TU, 0 (0 - 1) vs. 1 (0 - 1), p=0.5252) was not. SF-36 (22-least satisfied, 100-most satisfied; SU vs. TU, 77.6 vs. 80.4, p=0.4035) was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who underwent RALP with TU did not report cosmetic advantage compared to patients with SU, but they reported significantly worse pain on POD 1. The port placement in RALP should be considered based on not only cosmetic outcomes but postoperative pain. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e855 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ryuta Tanimoto More articles by this author Shota Inoue More articles by this author Yuho Sano More articles by this author Satoko Kamada More articles by this author Kenji Sugino More articles by this author Katsumi Sasaki More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Particle-like solutions in the generalized SU(2) Proca theory

The generalized SU(2) Proca theory is a vector-tensor modified gravity theory where the action is invariant under both diffeomorphisms and global internal transformations of the SU(2) group. This work constitutes the first approach to investigate the physical properties of the theory at astrophysical scales.We have found solutions that naturally generalize the particle-like solutions of the Einstein-Yang-Mills equations, also known as gauge boson stars.Under the requirement that the solutions must be static, asymptotically flat, and globally regular, the t'Hooft-Polyakov magnetic monopole configuration for the vector field rises as one viable possibility. The solutions have been obtained analytically through asymptotic expansions and numerically by solving the boundary value problem. We have found new features in the solutions such as regions with negative effective energy density and imaginary effective charge. We have also obtained a new kind of globally charged solutions for some region in the parameter space of the theory. Furthermore, we have constructed equilibrium sequences and found turning points in some cases. These results hint towards the existence of stable solutions which are absent in the Einstein-Yang-Mills case.

Hamiltonian Learning from Time Dynamics Using Variational Algorithms.

The Hamiltonian of a quantum system governs the dynamics of the system via the Schrodinger equation. In this paper, the Hamiltonian is reconstructed in the Pauli basis using measurables on random states forming a time series data set. The time propagation is implemented through Trotterization and optimized variationally with gradients computed on the quantum circuit. We validate our output by reproducing the dynamics of unseen observables on a randomly chosen state not used for the optimization. Unlike existing techniques that try and exploit the structure/properties of the Hamiltonian, our scheme is general and provides freedom with regard to what observables or initial states can be used while still remaining efficient with regard to implementation. We extend our protocol to doing quantum state learning where we solve the reverse problem of doing state learning given time series data of observables generated against several Hamiltonian dynamics. We show results on Hamiltonians involving XX, ZZ couplings along with transverse field Ising Hamiltonians and propose an analytical method for the learning of Hamiltonians consisting of generators of the SU(3) group. This paper is likely to pave the way toward using Hamiltonian learning for time series prediction within the context of quantum machine learning algorithms.

331 model predictions for rare B and K decays, and ∆F = 2 processes: an update

Motivated by the improved results from the HPQCD lattice collaboration on the hadronic matrix elements entering ∆Ms,d in {B}_{s,d}^0-{overline{B}}_{s,d}^0 mixings and the increase of the experimental branching ratio for Bs→ μ+μ−, we update our 2016 analysis of various flavour observables in four 331 models, M1, M3, M13 and M16 based on the gauge group SU(3)C× SU(3)L× U(1)X. These four models, which are distinguished by the quantum numbers, are selected among 24 331 models through their consistency with the electroweak precision tests and simultaneously by the relation {C}_9^{textrm{NP}}=-{bC}_{10}^{textrm{NP}} with 2 ≤ b ≤ 5, which after new result on Bs→ μ+μ− from CMS is favoured over the popular relation {C}_9^{textrm{NP}}=-{C}_{10}^{textrm{NP}} predicted by several leptoquark models. In this context we investigate in particular the dependence of various observables on |Vcb|, varying it in the broad range [0.0386, 0.043], that encompasses both its inclusive and exclusive determinations. Imposing the experimental constraints from εK, ∆Ms, ∆Md and the mixing induced CP asymmetries {S}_{psi {K}_S} and {S}_{psi {K}_S} , we investigate for which values of |Vcb| the four models can be made compatible with these data and what is the impact on B and K branching ratios. In particular we analyse NP contributions to the Wilson coefficients C9 and C10 and the decays Bs,d→ μ+μ−, {K}^{+}to {pi}^{+}nu overline{nu} and {K}_Lto {pi}^0nu overline{nu} . This allows us to illustrate how the value of |Vcb| determined together with other parameters of these models is infected by NP contributions and compare it with the one obtained recently under the assumption of the absence of NP in εK, ∆Ms, ∆Md and {S}_{psi {K}_S} .

Algebra of the spinor invariants and the relativistic hydrogen atom

It is shown that the Dirac equation with the Coulomb potential can be solved using the algebra of the three spinor invariants of the Dirac equation without the involvement of the methods of supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The Dirac Hamiltonian is invariant with respect to the rotation transformation, which indicates the dynamical (hidden) symmetry SU(2) of the Dirac equation. The total symmetry of the Dirac equation is the symmetry SO(3)⊗SU(2). The generator of the SO(3) symmetry group is given by the total momentum operator, and the generator of SU(2) group is given by the rotation of the vector-states in the spinor space, determined by the Dirac, Johnson–Lippmann, and the new spinor invariants. It is shown that using algebraic approach to the Dirac problem allows one to calculate the eigenstates and eigenenergies of the relativistic hydrogen atom and reveals the fundamental role of the principal quantum number as an independent number, even though it is represented as the combination of other quantum numbers.

Inherent color symmetry in quantum Yang-Mills theory

We present the basic non-perturbative structure of the space of classical dynamical solutions and corresponding one particle quantum states in SU(3) Yang-Mills theory. It has been demonstrated that the Weyl group of su(3) algebra plays an important role in constructing non-perturbative solutions and leads to profound changes in the structure of the classical and quantum Yang-Mills theory. We show that the Weyl group as a non-trivial color subgroup of SU(3) admits singlet irreducible representations on a space of classical dynamical solutions which lead to strict concepts of one particle quantum states for gluons and quarks. The Yang-Mills theory is a non-linear theory and, in general, it is not possible to construct a Hilbert space of classical solutions and quantum states as a linear vector space, so, usually, a perturbative approach is applied. We propose a non-perturbative approach based on Weyl symmetric solutions to full non-linear equations of motion and construct a full space of dynamical solutions representing an infinite but countable solution space classified by a finite set of integer numbers. It has been proved that the Weyl singlet structure of classical solutions provides the existence of a stable non-degenerate vacuum which serves as a main precondition of the color confinement phenomenon. Some physical implications in quantum chromodynamics are considered.

Quantum walk for SU(1,1)

We propose a scheme to implement the quantum walk for SU(1,1) in the phase space, which generalizes those associated with the Heisenberg-Weyl group. The movement of the walker described by the SU(1,1) coherent states can be visualized on the hyperboloid or the Poincar\'{e} disk. In both one-mode and two-mode realizations, we introduce the corresponding coin-flip and conditional-shift operators for the SU(1,1) group, whose relations with those for Heisenberg-Weyl group are analyzed. The probability distribution, standard deviation and the von Neumann entropy are employed to describe the walking process. The nonorthogonality of the SU(1,1) coherent states precludes the quantum walk for SU(1,1) from the idealized one. However, the overlap between different SU(1,1) coherent states can be reduced by increasing the Bargmann index $k$, which indicates that the two-mode realization provides more possibilities to simulate the idealized quantum walk.

The axion flavour connection

A local flavour symmetry acting on the quarks of the Standard Model can automatically give rise to an accidental global U(1) which remains preserved from sources of explicit breaking up to a large operator dimension, while it gets spontaneously broken together with the flavour symmetry. Such non-fundamental symmetries are often endowed with a mixed QCD anomaly, so that the strong CP problem is automatically solved via the axion mechanism. We illustrate the general features required to realise this scenario, and we discuss a simple construction based on the flavour group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1)F to illustrate how mass hierarchies can arise while ensuring at the same time a high quality Peccei-Quinn symmetry.

Baryon coupling scheme in a unified SU(3) and SU(6) symmetry formalism

We calculate the baryon-meson coupling constants for the spin-1/2 baryonic octet and spin-3/2 decuplet in a unified approach relying on symmetry arguments such as the fact that the Yukawa couplings, present in the Lagrangian density of the Walecka-type models, must be an invariant under SU(3) and SU(6) group transformations. The coupling constants of the baryon with the scalar $\sigma$ meson are fixed to reproduce the known potential depths for the hyperons and $\Delta$ resonances, in an approach that can be extended to all particles. We then apply the calculated coupling constants to study neutron star matter with hyperons and deltas admixed to its composition. We conclude that the $\Delta^-$ is by far the most important exotic particle that can be present in the neutron star interior. It is always present, independent of the chosen parameterization, and might appear in almost every known neutron star, once its onset happens at very low density. Yet, its presence affects the astrophysical properties of the canonical 1.4 M$_\odot$ star, and, in some cases, it can even contribute to an increase in the maximum mass reached.