Acid Groups Research Articles

Preparation and ferroelectric properties of metal-organic frame lithium ion liquid crystal composites

ABSTRACT Two series of lithium ion liquid-crystalline composites (LCCs) containing metal-organic frame (MOF) materials were fabricated via a self-assembly process by use of poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) lithium polymers, a cholesteryl-based liquid-crystalline monomer with terminal sulphonic acid group, and Fe-MIL-53_NH2. The chemical structure, chiral smectic C mesophase and ferroelectric property of the LCCs were characterised by various instruments, and the effect of liquid crystal monomer and lithium polymers on the ferroelectric property were investigated. The cholesteryl-based liquid crystal monomer presents a dominant role in the ferroelectric property of the LCCs, in which the asymmetric carbon atoms are responsible for the spontaneous polarisation. For the LCCs, the mechanical properties and porous loading characteristics of liquid crystal polymer are improved by the MOF materials, and the lithium-ion polymer connects the liquid crystal monomer with the MOF by ionic bond and improves the polarity of the material. When the electric field changed from −10 V and 10 V, the maximum residual polarisation strength (Pr) of the LCCs reached 74.82 nC/cm2. Because the LCCs showed excellent ferroelectric and mechanical properties, it has some potentials of application in the field of ferroelectric materials.

Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Injectable Nanocomposite Hydrogels by Adding Boronic Acid/Boronate Ester Dynamic Bonds at the Nanoparticle-Polymer Interface.

Incorporating nanoparticles into injectable hydrogels is a well-known technique for improving the mechanical properties of these materials. However, significant differences in the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix and the nanoparticles can result in localized stress concentrations at the polymer-nanoparticle interface. This situation can lead to problems such as particle-matrix debonding, void formation, and material failure. This work introduces boronic acid/boronate ester dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) as energy dissipation sites to mitigate stress concentrations at the polymer-nanoparticle interface. Once boronic acid groups were immobilized on the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles (SiO2-BA) and incorporated into an alginate matrix, the nanocomposite hydrogels exhibited enhanced viscoelastic properties. Compared to unmodified SiO2 nanoparticles, introducing SiO2 nanoparticles with boronic acid on their surface improved the structural integrity and stability of the hydrogel. In addition, nanoparticle-reinforced hydrogels showed increased stiffness and deformation resistance compared to controls. These properties were dependent on nanoparticle concentration. Injectability tests showed shear-thinning behavior for the modified hydrogels with injection force within clinically acceptable ranges and superior recovery.

Probing the Closed Association of Oligoquinoline Foldamers by Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy.

The metal-mediated dimerization of oligoquinoline foldamers terminated at one end with an oligo(phenylenevinylene) and at the other with a carboxylic acid (OPV-QnA, where n = 4, 8, 17, and 33), and the complexation of OPV-Q8A and Q16A was promoted in chloroform by the addition of a concentrated 16 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. UV-vis absorption and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy (TRFA) experiments were conducted to determine, respectively, the concentration and the average rotational time ⟨ϕ⟩ of the mixture of unassociated and associated foldamers across a range of foldamer concentrations spanning 5 orders of magnitude. Plots of ⟨ϕ⟩ as a function of acid group concentration revealed that ⟨ϕ⟩ increased with increasing foldamer concentration only when the foldamer solution in chloroform was vigorously mixed with the 16 M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. Furthermore, all plots showed that ⟨ϕ⟩ reached a plateau at high foldamer concentration. The increase in ⟨ϕ⟩ reflected the association of foldamers into larger objects through metal ion coordination with the carboxylate anions generated by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid of OPV-QnA with NaOH, while the plateau obtained at high foldamer concentration indicated that these interactions led to the dimerization of the foldamers via a closed association mechanism. Analysis of the ⟨ϕ⟩ trends yielded the equilibrium constants (K) describing the foldamer dimerization, whose value equaled 1.0 (±0.2) × 106 M-1 for the three longer OPV-QnA foldamers, but was about 10 times smaller for the shortest one (n = 4). Association of OPV-Q8A and Q16A yielded a complex with a ⟨ϕ⟩ matching that of OPV-Q24A, and K for this complexation was similar to that for dimerization. These experiments illustrate the robust nature of TRFA as an experimental method to probe the size of rigid, self-assembled foldamers in solution.

Behaviors and Mechanism of Volatiles Producing during Coal Pyrolysis with Calcium Oxide Loading: Insights from Model Compounds Analysis

Calcium is a highly effective catalyst for controlling the tar compounds produced during the pyrolysis of low-rank coal, forming valuable end products. However, the exact catalytic mechanism of calcium in coal pyrolysis remains unclear due to the complex nature of coal. In this study, the pyrolysis process and tar composition of lignite, both with and without the addition of calcium, were investigated across three distinct temperature intervals. The addition of calcium oxide increased the hydrocarbon content of tar by 16.39% in the low-temperature range and 26.53% in the intermediate-temperature range. Four model compounds containing different coal-related functional groups were selected to investigate the effects of calcium on pyrolysis performance and tar composition using thermogravimetric analysis, fixed bed reactor experiments, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The addition of calcium did not affect the thermal decomposition of polystyrene or polyethylene terephthalate; however, the primary pyrolysates underwent secondary reactions on the surface of calcium, which affected the composition of the liquid pyrolysis product. Meanwhile, calcium interacted with the carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups in trimeric acid and phenolic resin to form carboxylates and phenates, which affected the thermal reaction and distribution of liquid products. The influence of calcium on the transformation mechanism of coal-related functional groups provides a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of calcium-catalyzed coal pyrolysis.

Sericin coats of silk fibres, a degumming waste or future material?

Silk is a fibrous biopolymer with a recorded history in the textile industries for centuries. This fibre is constituted of two different proteins: fibroin and sericin, of which the latter accounting for approximately 20-30% of the silk mass. Silk sericin (SSER) was previously considered as a waste by-product in silk fibroin extraction. SSER has recently garnered significant scientific interest due to its extensive biological and pharmacological properties. These include antioxidant effects, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, controlled biodegradability, and the ability to induce cell proliferation. This review covers the previous studies about various aspects of this emerging material, namely, its general morphology, specific structure, molecular weight, features of different layers, and gene sequences. The impact of different extraction methods and the application of extracted SSER based on molecular weight are discussed. Additionally, the characteristic functional groups in the amino acids of sericin facilitate its applications in regenerative medicine, wound healing, drug delivery, textile, environment, and energy, in various forms like hydrogels, films, scaffolds, and conduits. SSER-based materials offer great potentials for multi-functional applications in the upcoming decades, showcasing adaptability for various functional uses and promising future technological advancements.

Improving the interfacial bonding strength of a silane anticorrosion film on copper surfaces using small-molecule corrosion inhibitors

The weak binding ability of silane to copper surfaces restricts its use in copper anticorrosion. In this study, the P–OH groups in etidronic acid (HEDP) were utilized to establish chemical bonds with copper and to react with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (PropS-SH), serving as a bridging mechanism to enhance the anchoring of silane onto copper surfaces. Moreover, the presence of HEDP promoted the condensation of silane, leading to the formation of a denser and thicker film with outstanding corrosion resistance. SEM results indicated that the thickness of the PropS-SH/HEDP film was about 125 nm, and defects at the copper–film interface were repaired. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that the PropS-SH/HEDP film exhibited remarkable corrosion resistance, achieving an anticorrosion efficiency of 99.95 %. Immersion testing showed that the PropS-SH/HEDP film was capable of withstanding immersion in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 10 days, displaying a durability 5 times greater than that of the standalone silane film.

The fine structural changes of phenolic hydroxyl groups of cinnamic acid and its derivatives affects their inhibition mechanism and interaction with α-glucosidase

Cinnamic acid (CCA), p-coumaric acid (PCA), and caffeic acid (CA) are natural phenolic compounds and extensively utilized in the food industry. PCA and CA are both derivatives of CCA and share comparable molecular structures. In this study, the inhibitory mechanisms of CCA, PCA, and CA on α-glucosidase was investigated by employing inhibition kinetics and molecular docking analyses. Our results revealed that CCA (IC50 = 6.12 ± 0.056 mM) and CA (IC50 = 2.02 ± 0.083 mM) exhibited mixed-type inhibition, while PCA (IC50 = 3.82 ± 0.095 mM) exhibited non-competitive inhibition. The intermolecular energy values of CCA, PCA, and CA with α-glucosidase were determined to be −7.11, −7.94, and −8.14 kcal/mol, respectively, indicating their binding to α-glucosidase via hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, among which CA has the greatest binding ability. Fluorescence quenching results and circular dichroism (CD) spectra further confirmed the higher affinity of CA to α-glucosidase than that of CCA and PCA. These outcomes shed light on the importance of molecular structure differences in α-glucosidase inhibition and highlight the potential scope for developing low-glycemic-index functional foods.

Removal of nitrate nitrogen by aerobic denitrification granular sludge under strongly alkaline conditions: Performance and mechanism

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology faces challenges in treating strongly alkaline wastewater because high pH affects sludge settleability and microbial metabolic activity. In this study, aerobic denitrification granular sludge (ADGS) was cultivated with strongly autoaggregating aerobic denitrifying bacteria as the sludge source at an influent pH of 11.0 under aerobic conditions. The formation characteristics of ADGS and its pollutant removal efficiency under strongly alkaline conditions were explored. Compared with ADGS cultivated under neutral conditions, ADGS cultivated under strongly alkaline conditions resulted in superior particle formation rates, settleability, particle strengths and particle stabilities. Nitrate nitrogen was almost completely removed at a pH of 11.0 under aerobic conditions. Protein, polysaccharides and humic acid in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) under strongly alkaline conditions were involved in the ADGS formation process. In addition, the presence of metallic elements in the EPS and inorganic nuclei in the sludge facilitated the formation of ADGS. The strongly alkaline environment enriched the alkali-resistant aerobic denitrifying bacteria, such as unclassified_f__Rhodobacteraceae, Tessaracoccus, Halomonas, and Pseudofulvimonas, as well as specialized alkali-resistant genera. Furthermore, the strongly alkaline environment increased the abundance of key enzymes involved in carbon metabolism and upregulated the expression of nitrogen metabolism genes in the ADGS to maintain their metabolic activity. In addition, the microorganisms upregulated genes that encoded reverse transporter protein genes (mnhACEFG, nhaACP, and phaACDEFG) and K+ uptake protein genes (trkAHG) and secreted greater amounts of acidic functional groups and free amino groups to help maintain intracellular and extracellular osmolality and acid–base homeostasis under strongly alkaline stress. This research provides a possible option and innovative strategy for the management of highly alkaline nitrate-containing wastewater.

Synthesis, X-ray structures, and anion binding properties of 1,8-disulfonamidocarbazole-di(thio)amide hybrid macrocycles

An easy-to-prepare 1,8-disulfonamidocarbazole-diamide hybrid macrocycle 1 and its thioamide analogue 2 were reported, along with their anion recognition properties as determined by UV-vis and 1H NMR spectroscopic titrations as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The conversion of amides into thioamides in the macrocyclic structures generated notable effects on the anion-binding affinity and selectivity. For example, amide-bearing macrocycle 1 was found to bind H2PO4- over one order of magnitude more strongly than thioamide-containing macrocycle 2, despite having more acidic NH groups for the latter. Additionally, macrocycle 1 displayed the highest affinity for PhCOO- in DMSO (Ka >105 M-1 for the formed 1:1 complex) followed by H2PO4- and AcO- ions, whereas a different binding order AcO- > PhCOO- >> H2PO4- was observed for macrocycle 2. More importantly, the single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis clearly revealed that macrocycle 1 indeed formed a 1:1 complex with PhCOO- ion in the solid state.

Convenient Synthesis, Characterizations and Biological Evolution of Novel 1‐Phenyl‐N’‐(3‐phenylacryloyl)cyclopropane carbohydrazide Derivatives

AbstractCancer is a longstanding worldwide issue, current chemotherapeutic treatments have limited effectiveness and high toxicity. An extensive investigation has revealed a significant potential link between ITK and the development of cancer. Hence, it is recommended to prioritize investigating ITK to develop and produce novel inhibitors for treating diseases associated with T cells. In our study, we have designed and synthesized two new series of compounds, which consist of cinnamic acid, carbohydrazide, and cyclopropanamide groups in a single compound. We have developed a facile method to synthesize 20 new derivatives of two series of innovative 1‐phenyl‐N’‐(3‐phenylacryloyl)cyclopropane carbohydrazide derivatives with good yields and purity. The Synthesized derivatives are conformed by analytical techniques (FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis) and their biological evaluation data is provided. The synthesized compounds displayed favorable docking scores in comparison to the ITK inhibitor, Ibrutinib. The in vitro cancer investigation shows that these compounds have good IC50 values, causing cytotoxicity against malignant cell lines.

Improving Water Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Crosslinked Waterborne Polyurethane Using Glycidyl Carbamate

Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) often suffers from poor water resistance and mechanical properties due to hydrophilic emulsifiers. To address these issues, this study introduces glycidyl carbamate (GC) as a crosslinker to improve WPU performance. Three types of GC were synthesized using aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and aromatic isocyanates, respectively. The crosslinked network was established through a reaction between the epoxide group of GC and the carboxylic acid and amine groups of WPU. Among these, the WPU film utilizing aromatic isocyanate-based GC exhibited the highest crosslink density, modulus, hardness, and water resistance, due to the rigidity of the aromatic molecular structure. However, the film displayed excessive brittleness, resulting in reduced tensile strength, along with yellowing typically associated with aromatic compounds. The WPU crosslinked with cycloaliphatic GC demonstrated the next best mechanical properties and water resistance, with a 2.7-fold increase in tensile strength, a 1.5-fold increase in hardness, and a 66% reduction in the water swelling ratio compared to neat WPU. This study presents a novel and effective strategy to enhance the water resistance and mechanical properties of WPU films, making them suitable for advanced coating applications.

Evaluation of the impact of the polymer end groups and molecular weight on in vitro and in vivo performances of PLGA based in situ forming implants for ketoprofen

In situ forming implants are appealing long-acting dosage forms for both preclinical and clinical applications due to their simple manufacturing process and easy delivery. This study aims to develop extended-release in situ forming solid implants for subcutaneous administration using two types of commercially available triblock poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) polymers, with either an acid or ester end group. Both types of polymers instantly form in situ implants when injected directly into an aqueous medium. The performance of these implants, containing a model compound ketoprofen, was evaluated by comparing the in vitro drug release profiles with the in vivo performance following subcutaneous administration in rats. Analytical characterizations of two representative in situ implants were conducted to understand their structural impact on polymer degradation and drug release. All tested in situ forming implants demonstrated prolonged drug release profiles both in vitro and in vivo. This study illustrates the successful preparation of sustained-release in situ forming implant formulations for ketoprofen using commercially available polymers, with the molecular weight and the end group of the polymers affecting their degradation and the drug release from the in situ formed implants.

Altered intestinal microbiota induced by high-fat diets affect cognition differently in mice

The role of the gut microbiota in the association between high-fat diet and cognition is not clear. We hypothesized that a high-fat diet may influence cognition by altering the intestinal microbiota. Faecal microbiota isolated from male C57BL/6J mice feeding on various high-fat diets and a control basic diet were transplanted to antibiotic treated recipient mice. The measurement of weight and plasma lipids, novel object recognition test, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of faeces and haematoxylin-eosin staining of the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) and cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) areas were performed for all mice. Compared with those in the control and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) groups, donor obese mice fed with diets high in long-chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) and trans fatty acids (TFAs) exhibited significant cognitive impairment (Ps < 0.05). There were fewer neurons in the hippocampal area in the n-6 PUFA group than in the n-3 PUFA group (P < 0.05). Similar effect on cognition and neurons in hippocampal area in corresponding recipient mice were revealed after faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). In addition, the composition of intestinal microbiota differed among recipient mice after FMT from donor mice. According to these results, it was concluded that diets rich in LCSFAs, n-6 PUFAs, and TFAs may lead to cognitive impairment by damaging the structure of the hippocampus through influencing the intestinal microbiota in mice, while a diet high in n-3 PUFAs may exhibit a beneficial effect.

Kinetics and scale inhibition application studies towards bulk and RAFT copolymerization of maleic anhydride and acrylic acid

Poly(maleic anhydride) (PMA) is commonly reckoned as a better water scale inhibitor than poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) since each maleic anhydride unit can supply two carboxylic acid groups. However, pure PMA is difficult to achieve because the steric effect of its monomer MA. Herein, we synthesize copoly(MA-AA) copolymer by bulk polymerization method (bulk-copoly(MA-AA)), which avoids the use of any solvents which have to be removed afterwards. In addition, we also synthesize copoly(MA-AA) by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization method to afford RAFT-copoly(MA-AA) with low polydispersity index (PDI) less than 1.2, and the performance of RAFT-copoly(MA-AA) in water scale inhibition is more excellent relative to bulk-copoly(MA-AA). We also synthesize other copoly(MA-AA) copolymers by varying the molar ratio of MA to AA to study the polymerization mechanism. Through the static scale inhibition experiment, it is concluded that when the concentration of copoly(MA-AA) is 80 mg/L, the scale inhibition performance of RAFT-copoly(MA-AA) can reach 96.50 % which is the best among the control samples. It is also found that only 1:1 alternating copolymerization of MA and AA could be achieved as demonstrated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the copolymers, evidencing the strong steric hindrance of MA for its homo-polymerization.

A novel macromolecular flame retardant based on sulfonyl diphenol monomer for simultaneous fire safety, transparency and high performance of thin-walled polycarbonate

In order to further advance the development of transparency, fire safety, and high-performance thin-walled polycarbonate (PC), it is essential to avoid the negative impact of traditional flame retardants on the overall performance of PC. In this work, a new copolymer polycarbonate (ASPC) containing sulfonyl diphenol monomer was synthesized by interfacial polycondensation, and it was used as a flame retardant for PC. Due to the fact that the compounds containing sulfonic acid groups produced by the decomposition of ASPC in a high temperature environment promote the crosslinking and rearrangement of PC, the PC can generate a denser char layer during combustion, thus effectively preventing the exchange of heat and gas inside and outside the matrix. To addition of 20 wt% ASPC can make PC with a thickness of 1.5 mm to pass the UL 94 V-0 rating and LOI increased to 33.5 %. The peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and smoke produce rate (PSPR) of PC/ASPC-20 was decreased by 32.4 % and 38.4 %, respectively. More importantly, the addition of ASPC can delay the speed of flame spread, provide people with more escape time and reduce the fire hazard. Furthermore, the ASPC is good compatibility with PC due to the structural similarity between ASPC and PC. Therefore, PC/ASPC maintains the comparable transparency and tensile properties of PC. The transmittance of PC/ASPC-20 is 87.7 %, and the elongation at break is 32.5 % higher than that of PC. This work provides a new solution for the preparation of flame-retardant modification of transparent and thin-walled PC, and expands the application scope of PC composites.

Ultrasound-guided infiltration with hyaluronic acid compared with corticosteroid for the treatment of Morton's neuroma.

A local injection may be used as an early option in the treatment of Morton's neuroma, and can be performed using various medications. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of injections of hyaluronic acid compared with corticosteroid in the treatment of this condition. A total of 91 patients were assessed for this trial, of whom 45 were subsequently included and randomized into two groups. One patient was lost to follow-up, leaving 22 patients (24 feet) in each group. The patients in the hyaluronic acid group were treated with three ultrasound-guided injections (one per week) of hyaluronic acid (Osteonil Plus). Those in the corticosteroid group were treated with three ultrasound-guided injections (also one per week) of triamcinolone (Triancil). The patients were evaluated before treatment and at one, three, six, and 12 months after treatment. The primary outcome measure was the visual analogue scale for pain (VAS). Secondary outcome measures included the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and complications. Both groups showed significant improvement in VAS and AOFAS scores (p < 0.05) after 12 months. The corticosteroid group had a significantly greater reduction in VAS and increase in AOFAS scores compared with the hyaluronic acid group, at one, three, and six months, but with no significant difference at 12 months. There were no complications in the hyaluronic acid group. There were minor local complications in six patients (six feet) (25.0%) in the corticosteroid group, all with discolouration of the skin at the site of the injection. These minor complications might have been due to the three weekly injections of a relatively high dose of corticosteroid. No patient subsequently underwent excision of the neuroma. An ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection showed statistically significantly better functional and pain outcomes than an ultrasound-guided injection of hyaluronic acid for the treatment of a Morton's neuroma at many timepoints. Thus, a corticosteroid injection should be regarded as a primary option in the treatment of these patients, and the only indication for an injection of hyaluronic acid might be in patients in whom corticosteroid is contraindicated.

Charged organic ligands inserting/supporting the nanolayer spacing of vanadium oxides for high-stability/efficiency zinc-ion batteries.

Given their high safety, environmental friendliness and low cost, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have the potential for high-performance energy storage. However, issues with the structural stability and electrochemical kinetics during discharge/charge limit the development of AZIBs. In this study, vanadium oxide electrodes with organic molecular intercalation were designed based on intercalating 11 kinds of charged organic carboxylic acid ligands between 2D layers to regulate the interlayer spacing. The negatively charged carboxylic acid group can neutralize Zn2+, reduce electrostatic repulsion and enhance electrochemical kinetics. The intercalated organic molecules increased the interlayer spacing. Among them, the 0.028EDTA · 0.28NH4 + · V2O5 · 0.069H2O was employed as the cathode with a high specific capacity (464.6mAhg-1 at 0.5Ag-1) and excellent rate performance (324.4mAhg-1 at 10Ag-1). Even at a current density of 20Ag-1, the specific capacity after 2000 charge/discharge cycles was 215.2mAhg-1 (capacity retention of 78%). The results of this study demonstrate that modulation of the electrostatic repulsion and interlayer spacing through the intercalation of organic ligands can enhance the properties of vanadium-based materials.

Atropisomerism of diflunisal unveiled by rotational spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations

The most stable conformer of laser-ablated diflunisal has been isolated in a supersonic expansion and experimentally detected through high-resolution chirped-pulse rotational spectroscopy. State-of-the-art chemical calculations allowed to understand the nature of the strong stabilization of the detected conformer and its atropisomer among a total of sixteen theoretically predicted conformers and confirmed the presence of a resonance assisted hydrogen bond (RAHB) between the hydroxyl hydrogen atom and the carbonyl oxygen atom of the carboxylic acid group. The comparison of the experimental data from this work and the information found in the literature about the molecule in condensed phases corroborates the existence of these two atropisomers and is contextualized within the complexation arrangement of diflunisal with relevant proteins.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Gastroprotective Polymer Conjugates of Aceclofenac

: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs account for a sizeable fraction of the drugs prescribed worldwide. If consumed for a long time, they can cause ulcers and lifethreatening side effects. Since the acidic group present in NSAIDs is mainly responsible for these side effects, the scientists try to synthesize polymer drug conjugates that avoid these side effects but still retain the potency of the parent drug. Macromolecular drug conjugates of aceclofenac were prepared by employing pectin, β cyclodextrin, deacetylated chitin (chitosan) and albumin (egg and bovine serum). The prepared conjugates were characterized and tested for their anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antiulcerogenic activity. Further experimentation was undertaken to analyze the behavior of compounds and their stability in hydrolytic conditions. Test compound A1, a pectin conjugate of aceclofenac, exhibited significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity with a significant decrease in ulcer index (4.45±0.24) as against aceclofenac (8.61±0.40) or vehicle (12.39±0.44) treated group. A novel and safer polymer drug conjugate of aceclofenac has been synthesized and evaluated.

Tow-way regulation strategy for in-situ electropolymerization additives coordinated by double bonds and boric acid groups in lithium secondary batteries

The stability and cycle life of the cathode material directly affect the electrochemical performance of the secondary battery, and the dendrite problem of the anode material greatly destroys its safety. To solve the above problems, here we report a small organic molecule monomer, 2,2-dimethylvinylboronic acid (DEBA) containing carbon–carbon double bonds and boric acid groups as electrolyte additive for lithium secondary battery. The unsaturated carbon–carbon double bonds in DEBA can undergo in-situ electropolymerization during the electrochemical process, forming a polymer network. The electron-deficient boron element can easily combine with the electron-rich lithium salt anion to form a B-F bond. It can promote the transport rate of Li+, alleviate the Li+ concentration gradient at the interface, and achieve uniform and dense deposition on the Li metal surface. The Li//graphite and Li//LiFePO4 half-cell experiments show that DEBA has an excellent tow-way regulation effect. This rationally designed dual-functional electrolyte additive provides a broad prospect for future electrolyte engineering.