During the 10 years from 1979 to 1988, 245 patients with urinary tract or prostate gland malignancy were diagnosed and treated at our Department. 245 malignancies were composed of 5 groups, i.e., 50 renal cell carcinomas (RCC), 17 renal pelvic and ureteral tumors (RPUT), 117 bladder tumors (BLT), 59 prostate carcinomas (PRC) and 2 urethral carcinomas (URC). On the basis of chief complaint or reason leading to diagnosis, and of grade of hematuria, evaluation was performed in 4 groups except for group URC. With regard to the chief complaint or reason leading to diagnosis, asymptomatic gross hematuria was most frequently seen at 40%, 59% and 74% in groups RCC, RPUT and BLT, respectively. In group PRC, asymptomatic gross hematuria was seen at 8%, although dysuria and urinary retention were the most popular. Regarding grade of hematuria at the first visit, urine without any RBC (55%) and microscopic hematuria (39%) were the commonest in group RCC, while moderate degree of microscopic hematuria (5-20/hpf) was most frequently seen in group RPUT (44%). On the contrary, gross hematuria (38%) was the commonest in group BLT. Patients in group PRC showed gross and microscopic hematuria at 25%, though it was not the commonest one. In conclusion, it should be noted that no RBC may be seen on the first visit even if the chief complaint was gross hematuria in patients with urinary tract malignancy.