Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of palliative radiotherapy for gross hematuria caused by advanced cancer. Patients who received palliative radiotherapy to control gross hematuria in two hospitals between October 2006 and May 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated the gross hematuria response, gross hematuria control duration, blood transfusion rate, blood transfusion-free duration, and overall survival. Cox multivariate analysis was performed to examine factors associated with hematuria control duration. Fifty-three consecutive patients were included. The most frequently used dose fractionation regimen was 30 Gy in 10 fractions (BED10 = 39 Gy), followed by 20 Gy in 5 fractions (BED10 = 20 Gy). Forty patients (76%) became gross hematuria free. The median hematuria control duration was 4.3 months (95% confidence interval 1.9–6.6). Twenty-six patients received blood transfusion 3 months before radiotherapy; 17 of them (65%) were free from blood transfusion 1 month after radiotherapy. A high BED10 (≥ 36 Gy) was a statistically significant factor for hematuria control duration in the multivariate analysis (P = 0.02). Palliative radiotherapy can effectively relieve gross hematuria irrespective of the primary tumor site. A high BED10 may be recommended for a prolonged hematuria control duration if patients have a good prognosis.
Highlights
This study assessed the efficacy of palliative radiotherapy for gross hematuria caused by advanced cancer
Cancers other than bladder or prostate cancer can cause hematuria due to direct involvement of the urinary tract by the primary tumor or metastases, data on the efficacy of palliative radiotherapy for hematuria caused by various advanced cancers are limited
We aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of palliative radiotherapy on gross hematuria caused by any type of advanced cancer
Summary
This study assessed the efficacy of palliative radiotherapy for gross hematuria caused by advanced cancer. Patients who received palliative radiotherapy to control gross hematuria in two hospitals between October 2006 and May 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Palliative radiotherapy can effectively relieve gross hematuria irrespective of the primary tumor site. Cancer-related gross hematuria is difficult to control and impairs patient quality of life. Prostate cancer directly invades the urethra or bladder and causes hematuria. Cancers other than bladder or prostate cancer can cause hematuria due to direct involvement of the urinary tract by the primary tumor or metastases, data on the efficacy of palliative radiotherapy for hematuria caused by various advanced cancers are limited. We aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of palliative radiotherapy on gross hematuria caused by any type of advanced cancer
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