Grid Project Research Articles

The Overlay Deployment Model under Interference Based on Marginal Fitting

Under the condition of interference, when to optimize the network deployment with the energy of the radiation characteristics of node, it is significant to improve the efficiency of the objective function evaluation.The overlap deployment model based on the compression projection is put forward in this paper, including the projection grid model based on the margin fitting, and the fusion boundary generation based on the projection grid, measurement of covered area and overlap coefficient evaluation algorithm to provide the efficient algorithm for the calculation of optimization goals such as the integration area, cover index and overlap coefficient . It changed the past calculation mode, which is random and extensive, as Monte Carlo sampling and the physical grid statistics method. The algorithm analysis and experiments showed that, the overlap deployment model based on the compression projection, compared with the previous model, had the characteristics of high precision and low-power, it can complete the calculation three indicators of the integration area,the covering index and overlap index with the accuracy of up to 99%.

Applying Saaty’s Multicriterial Decision Making Approach in Grid Resource Management

In this paper we consider combining ontologically represented information with Saaty’s Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to facilitate decision support for Grid users. The context for the proposal is provided by the Agents in Grid project (AiG), which aims at development of an agent-based infrastructure for efficient resource management in the Grid. In the AiG project, agents form teams, managers of which negotiate with clients and workers terms of potential collaboration. Here, we focus on the scenario, in which the user is searching for resources to execute a task, while the resources and the expert domain knowledge are organized in an ontology. Taking into account the complex nature of resource description and domain knowledge, multicriterial assessment of how accurate is the user description of her needs, and how it can be extended/refined, plays a crucial role. For instance, it should help the user to choose optimal algorithm and/or resource to solve her problem. Furthermore, ontologically described contract proposals, that are the results of autonomous negotiations, require multicriterial assessment. The AHP method is based on pairwise comparisons of criteria, and relies on the judgment of a panel of experts. In the context of the AiG project, we show on the example of the AHP method, how multicriteria group decision making can be used to support user in resource selection and assessment of contract proposals. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.43.1.4587

Smart grid opportunities and applications in Turkey

Abstract A smart grid is a system that uses information and communication technologies to integrate, in an intelligent way, all users connected to the electrical power system considering their behaviour and actions. For this purpose, information about the electrical network, such as the current, the voltage or the power, is gathered together over time so that the behaviour of suppliers and consumers can be observed and automatically coordinated. Smart grids are becoming a significant part in the configuration of future electrical power systems. A lot of research has been done on using smart grids to achieve highly efficient and user-friendly electrical power systems. Many new methods have been introduced to solve the difficulties energy providers face when transforming conventional electrical networks into smart grids. These difficulties include the integration of renewable energy and different grid systems at national and international levels due to changes in frequency, voltage and in the synchronisation mechanism. This paper provides an outline of the European smart grid projects and gives an overview of the current infrastructure and smart grid applications of the Turkish Electricity Production System Operator (EUAS), Turkish Electricity Transmission System Operator (TEIAS), and Turkish Electricity Distribution System Operator (TEDAS). In this paper the feasibility of the further steps required is described and some assessments are made and suggestions given on smart grid developments in general.

Offshore Grids for Renewables: Do We Need a Particular Regulatory Framework?

Onshore, generators are connected to the transmission grid by TSOs. This regulatory model could simply be extended to offshore (i.e. Germany), but the connection of offshore wind farms to shore is also an opportunity to test alternatives, i.e. the third party model (i.e. the UK) or the generator model (i.e. Sweden). In this paper, we argue that the third party and generator models are indeed better suited to support the evolution towards larger scale offshore wind farms that are increasingly developed farther out to sea, while the TSO model is better suited to support the evolution towards cross-border offshore grid projects. In other words, an important trade-off needs to be made because none of the existing regulatory models can fulfill all the expectations in the current context in Europe. And, the trade-off has to be made at the regional or EU level because the different national regulatory frameworks are incompatible when applied to a cross-border offshore grid project.

How do Various Risk Factors Influence the Green Certificate Market of Norway and Sweden?

The EU renewable energy directive sets a target of increasing the share of renewable energy used in EU to 20% by 2020. The Norwegian goal for the share of renewable energy in 2020 is 67.5%. The most important policy instrument for reaching this national target is the introduction of the common market for green certificates between Norway and Sweden. This new market mechanism is promoting new, renewable power projects until 2020, and is expected to generate 26.4 TWh from 2020.The market mechanism is neutral regarding renewable technologies, and the two countries share the same level of ambition regarding production increases of the common market. In the green certificate market the power producers receive electricity certificates from the authorities, and these can be sold to electricity suppliers and certain electricity users. The electricity customers cover the costs of the system, as the costs of purchasing certificates are added to the electricity bill. The price of electricity certificates is determined by supply and demand.A new energy system model covering Norway and Sweden is developed to analyze the impact of the green certificate market. The model covers five Norwegian and four Swedish regions, with exchange of electricity between adjacent regions and neighboring countries. Various scenarios are analyzed, focusing especially on various risk factors (e.g. grid expansion, delays of new power plants, transmission grid limitations, coordination issues between grid and power projects, licensing issues, etc), as well as the impact of variations in energy demand, energy prices and certificate prices. The analyses indicate the choice of power plant technology being installed depending on the scenario assumptions, as well as the timing and the geographical location of the various plants.

Techno-Economic Analysis of PV Battery Charging Station in Kampot, Cambodia

 Abstract—This paper presents the technical and economic analysis of PV battery charging stations in Kampot, Cambodia's situation. The solar radiation reflected by the air molecules, clouds and ground was obtained from the satellite data. The absorption of solar radiation due to water vapor was calculated from precipitable water derived from ambient relative humidity and temperature from Cambodian meteorological stations. The annual solar radiation from January to reach a peak in the summer months of March and April each year and the yearly map showed the features of a high solar radiation pattern in the southeast of Cambodia. The average value is 5.10kWh/m 2 /day can be observed in the southeast of the country. With the highest values of solar radiation, solar PV battery charging stations (PVBCS) will be installed in each village, which are not electrified by national grid or mini-grid projects by 2020, and where no battery charging station is currently operating in order to ensure that the Royal Government of Cambodia's political objective of 100% village having electricity supply by 2020 from different sources of energy. With capacity of 10kW PV battery charging station in Kampot was calculated to evaluate and compare the technical and economic evaluation of c-Si PV modules and diesel battery charging station under the Kampot climate. The present electricity price of rural areas is about 0.22US$/kWh showed that c-Si PV modules present not only high NPV (15,986US$), IRR (0.041%), BCR (1.52) but shorter payback period (8.82 years) than the diesel battery charging station of 0.22US$/kWh with the NPV (7,450US$), IRR (12%), BCR (1.70) and payback period (14.74 years) values. Based on the technical and economic evaluation of c-Si PV battery charging station, in fact, pointed the most suitable technology for people in rural areas in the kingdom of Cambodia.

How to engage end-users in smart energy behaviour?

End users will play a crucial role in up-coming smart grids that aim to link end- users and energy providers in a better balanced and more efficient electricity system. Within this context, this paper aims to deliver a coherent view on current good practice in end-user engagement in smart grid projects. It draws from a recent review of theoretical insights from sustainable consumption behaviour, social marketing and innovation systems and empirical insights from recent smart grid projects to create an inventory of common motivators, enablers and barriers of behavioural change, and the end-user engagement principles that can be derived from that. We conclude with identifying current research challenges as input for a research agenda on end-user engagement in smart grids.

3D Reconstruction using Kinect Sensor and Parallel Processing on 3D Graphics Processing Unit

One of depth cameras such as the Microsoft Kinect is much cheaper than conventional 3D scanning devices, thus it can be acquired for everyday users easily. However, the depth data captured by Kinect over a certain distance is of low quality. In this work, we implement a set of algorithms allowing users to capture 3D surfaces by using the handheld Kinect. As a classic alignment algorithm such as the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) does not show efficacy in aligning point clouds that have limited overlapped regions, another coarse alignment using the Sample Consensus Initial Alignment (SAC-IA) is incorporated in to the registration process in order to ameliorate 3D point clouds’ fitness. Two robust reconstruction methods namely the Alpha Shapes and the Grid Projection are also implemented to reconstruct 3D surface from registered point clouds. The experimental results have shown the efficiency and applicability of of our blueprint. The constructed system obtains acceptable results in a few minutes with a low price device, thus it may practically be an useful approach for avatar generations or online shoppings.

Post-Evaluation of Electric Power Construction Project Based on Grey Rough Set

The post-evaluation of electric power construction project is an important link, which is necessary in electric grid projects cycle. An advanced method of post-evaluation is proposed by combining Rough Set (RS) theory and Grey System (GS) theory, defined as Grey Rough Set (GRS). According to post-evaluation project experiences, this paper provides the method of index screening by attribute reduction and weight decision.

Smart Grid Implementation Strategies and Practices in Smart City

With the in-depth studies of smart grid and the promotion of their engineering practices, lots of smart grid technologies have been applied in urban development. Smart grid is becoming an important part of the development of smart city. This paper focuses on construction and development of smart city, and proposes the basic strategies for smart grid implementation in urban areas in the context of smart city development with regard to its basic characteristics. The smart grid implementation carried out by SGCC (State Grid Corporation of China) is introduced including a large number of integrated smart grid projects in local region.

Research on Countermeasures for Investment Estimate Precision of Power Distribution Grid Project in Inner Mongolia

Given the characteristics of power distribution grid project including the huge amount of investment, long construction period, long investment payback period and so on, the precision of investment estimate has a tremendous influence on decision making, economic effect and cost control in each stage. By way of introducing the current situation of investment estimate of power distribution grid project, and analyzing the key factors affecting the investment estimate precision including investment decision-making and management, project design plans, risk and the investment estimate preparation, this paper puts forward improvement strategies aiming at influencing factors in order to promote the rapid development of power distribution grid project in Inner Mongolia.

The Role of Syntactic Stylistic Means in Expressing the Emotion Term Love

Love as one of important feelings in human emotional, cognitive and social life has always attracted attention of the researchers: psychologists, linguists, philosophers, ethnologists, etc. We may speak about extralinguistic and linguistic ways of love manifestation. To linguistic ones belong, of course, stylistic means, which include lexical, syntactic, phonetic, and semasiological level. The author focuses on lexical-syntactical means of expressing love in two Slavic languages, Czech and Slovak, using linguocognitive and cultural approach. This research is inspired by the GRID project, which aimed at study of 24 emotion terms in 35 languages.

Stability Evaluation of Karst Foundation Based on Orthogonal Test

Many State Grid projects of China are facing a series of natural disaster threats, such as landslide, collapse, mud-rock slide, etc. This article takes the Huangshi Daye Steel Substation as research object. Based on the orthogonal test which confirmed factors influencing the stability, it adopts the Numerical Simulation Method and the Roof Thickness-to-span Ratio Method to evaluate the stability of the Huangshi Daye Steel Substations karst foundation. By doing this, karst foundation stability maps of the substation are respectively obtained. Analyzing the stability results of the two methods, it has been found that the stability evaluation results measured by the two methods are the same. And orthogonal test has advantages such as comprehensiveness, speediness, reliability and accuracy. Meanwhile, according to the stability evaluation results, specific site operation suggestions are proposed.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Grid Project Cost Items Based on Fuzzy SVM

The full life cycle management level of grid project cost items directly affect the safe operation of grid and efficiency of enterprises. For its scientific and rational evaluation, this paper has established appropriate evaluation index system, and combines the advantages of fuzzy theory and Support Vector Machine (SVM), proposes the comprehensive evaluation model of grid full life cycle management. A example is confirmed that this method not only has a strong learning capability and scalability, and able to accurately and objectively evaluate the level of grid full life cycle management, but also has practical significance and promote capability.

Research on the Discretization of STL Model in the CNC Incremental Forming

To the demand for the discretization of STL(Stereolithography) model in sheet metal CNC incremental forming, two kinds of discretization algorithms respectively based on unequally divided projection grids and unequally cutting planes were proposed. And the software systems were implemented by using VC++6.0, C++, OpenGL. Meanwhile the comparison of every discrete model with the original test model was done by using RapidForm XOV verification software. The case study shows that both discretization algorithm can generate uniformly distributed discrete points, and compared with the original test model, the average errors are 0.0475 and 0.0036 respectively.

Multiple equivalent simultaneous offers strategy in an agent-based grid resource brokering system - initial considerations

The Agent in Grid project (AiG) attempts to integrate the concept of the Grid and an agent-based system to facilitate efficient resource management in the Grid. In this paper, we present preliminary considerations concerning multiple equivalent simultaneous offers strategy that can be used in the Service Level Agreement (SLA) negotiations. These negotiations are the key part of the main use case scenarios within the AiG project. In this context, first, we describe the AiG system. Second, we introduce the simultaneous offer strategy, as a mechanism known from economy, and suggest an approach for using it in the AiG negotiations.

A novel, integrated smoke simulation design method supporting local projection and guiding control over adaptive grids

High-fidelity smoke simulation in a large-scale complex environment is extremely time-consuming due to the expensive computational cost of using highly dense regular grids. There have been quite a few improved algorithms/techniques aiming to enhance the simulation's visual effects and reduce the time consumption during the last two decades. However, most of the state-of-the-art methods will encounter difficulties of not being able to model fine turbulent details during simulation or losing high-frequency shape details at the fine scale when simulated smoke interacting with nearby obstacles. One straightforward solution is to continue to refine spatial resolution at the expense of increased time complexity. This paper, however, advocates an improved strategy for smoke simulation design over adaptive grids, while simultaneously enabling the functionalities of local projection and guiding control. First, our new integrated method supports adaptive grid projection that can significantly reduce the computational cost during the velocity projection phase. During smoke simulation design, the use of adaptive grids flexibly accommodates finer cells near obstacles with fine details, and coarser cells anywhere else, as a result, fine-scale object features can be faithfully retained without the need of global grid refinement. Second, our integrated solution over adaptive grids can tightly couple guiding control with local projection, which is capable of handling tiny obstacles that are impossible to model with global coarse grids alone during simulation preview. Comprehensive experiments have shown that our integrated method has the advantage of generating turbulent phenomena when interacting with small-scale features of obstacles, and at the same time offering the preview mechanism for efficient large-scale smoke simulation design.

Consumer engagement: An insight from smart grid projects in Europe

Abstract This paper provides an insight into consumer engagement in smart grid projects in Europe. Projects analysed are those included in the catalogue annexed in the JRC Report “Smart Grid projects in Europe: lessons learned and current developments”. The analysis suggests an increase in the interest in consumer engagement projects at European level and a strong focus on the residential sector, and emphasises the key importance of public funding to support these projects. The study also reveals that projects involving consumers are characterised by the pursuit of two main objectives: gaining deeper knowledge of consumer behaviour (observing and understanding the consumer) and motivating and empowering consumers to become active energy customers (engaging the consumer). The paper reviews the main activities undertaken to obtain these objectives and highlights trends and developments in the field. Finally, the paper discusses obstacles to consumer engagement and the strategies adopted by the projects surveyed to tackle them, highlighting the need to build consumer trust and to design targeted campaigns taking into consideration different consumer segments. The conclusions are in line with findings and analyses presented in the literature and underscore the need for further research and action at European level.

Service-oriented infrastructure for flood mapping using optical and SAR satellite data

In this paper, we present the service-oriented infrastructure within the Wide Area Grid project that was carried out within the Working Group on Information Systems and Services of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites. The developed infrastructure integrates services and computational resources of several regional and national Grid systems: Ukrainian Academician Grid (with satellite data processing Grid segment, UASpaceGrid) and Grid system at the Center on Earth Observation and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The study focuses on integrating geo-information services on flood mapping provided by Ukrainian and Chinese entities to benefit from information acquired from multiple sources. We also describe services for workflow automation and management in Grid environment and provide an example of workflow automation for generating flood maps from optical and synthetic-aperture radar satellite imagery. We also discuss issues of enabling trust for the infrastructure using certificates and reputation-based model. Applications of utilizing the developed infrastructure for operational flood mapping in Ukraine and China are given as well.

A New Architecture for Group Replication in Data Grid

Nowadays, grid systems are vital technology for programs running with high performance and problems solving with large- scale in scientific, engineering and business. In grid systems, heterogeneous computational resources and data should be shared between independent organizations that are scatter geographically. A data grid is a kind of grid types that make relations computational and storage resources. Data replication is an efficient way in data grid to obtain high performance and high availability by saving numerous replicas in different locations e.g. grid sites. In this research, we propose a new architecture for dynamic Group data replication. In our architecture, we added two components to OptorSim architecture: Group Replication Management component (GRM) and Management of Popular Files Group component (MPFG). OptorSim developed by European Data Grid projects for evaluate replication algorithm. By using this architecture, popular files group will be replicated in grid sites at the end of each predefined time interval.