Soy (Glycine max L.) is the leading protein-oil crop in world agriculture. This is a unique food, fodder, technical and medicinal culture, which became the basis for the production of vegetable protein and oil in the world. The intensity of growth of the assimilation surface and its size are significantly influenced by a number of both natural and organized factors, one of which is the provision of plants with a complete set of mineral nutrition elements and trace elements. One of the effective ways to provide plants with a sufficient amount of macro- and microelements is seed treatment before sowing and foliar fertilization feeding with chelated fertilizers. Soy is a strategic crop of world agriculture, which is capable of solving the food problem of protein deficiency in human nutrition, and needs significant attention in the agriculture of Ukraine. Despite the fact that in terms of production volume, the country ranks first in Europe and eighth in the world, its yield is not high enough, therefore the task of finding innovative directions for the development of crop production is quite urgent. The individual seed productivity of soybean plants is determined by the optimal combination of the main elements of the crop structure — the number of beans on one plant, the number of seeds in a bean and the weight of seeds from one plant. It is a dynamic quantity and changes according to certain soil and climatic conditions of the region, specifics of the growing season of plants and elements of growing technology. The formation of highly productive soybean agrophytocenoses in order to increase the productivity and stability of production largely depends on many factors, the main of which are the genotype of the crop, weather and climate conditions, and production technologies. The results of research on the individual seed productivity of soybean plants on gray forest soils depending on the technological processes of cultivation are given. It was established that the maximum increase in the number of seeds from one plant (14.0 pcs., or 34.0%) was obtained for the fertilization system, which involves the application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N45Р90К90, prioritization of by-products of the predecessor with inoculation of seeds before sowing. It was found that the maximum increase (4.8–5.0 units, or 23.8–24.8%) of the number of beans on one plant to absolute control was obtained in variants with the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N45Р90К90 and prioritization of by-products of the predecessor. The maximum mass (7.6 g) from one plant was obtained with the fertilization system, which provides for the application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N15Р30K30, prioritization of by-products of the precursor and siderate biomass for seed inoculation before sowing.